Nesophrosyne

Bennett, Gordon M & O’Grady, Patrick M, 2011, Review of the native Hawaiian leafhopper genus Nesophrosyne (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of eight new species associated with Broussaisia arguta (Hydrangeaceae), Zootaxa 2805, pp. 1-25 : 9-10

Key to Nesophrosyne species associated with Broussaisia arguta on the Hawaiian Archipelago

Note: In most cases knowledge of host plant and collection locality (island and volcanic mountain) alone will differentiate species associated with Broussaisia arguta .

1. Head obliquely triangulate ( Fig. 4 a), with crown produced medially, bluntly pointed. Kaua’i........... N. heopoko sp. nov.

- Head not triangulate, crown weakly produced ( Figs. 5–6 a & 8–9a), rounded apically................................ 2

2. Gonopores subapical; aedeagus with apical processes produced distally, elongate 1/4–1/5 length of aedeagal arms ( Figs. 4 & 5 f)................................................................................................. 3

- Gonopores apical; apical processes of aedeagus extending from pore, short (~1/10 length of arm) or absent ( Figs. 8 & 9 f); Maui and Hawai’i................................................................ kanawao species group,...4

3. Dorsum with well-formed saddle mark, tapering to point anterad; posterior end subflat, appearing arrow-like pointing anterad; O’ahu ( Fig. 5 )........................................................................ N. makaihe sp. nov.

- Species without any pale markings on clavus; forewing veins prominent, darkly pigmented; Moloka’i ( Fig. 6 )................................................................................................ N. magnaccai sp. nov.

4. Dorsum with central pale saddle mark always present, usually with paired pale blotches anterad, appearing as three pale marks showing bilateral symmetry; palest forms with clavus entirely pale; Maui ( Fig. 7 & 8 )...... broussaisiai species subgroup...5

- Dorsum darker than above, usually without conspicuous saddle mark; claval veins discontinuously pale, extending short length from commissural line (appearing as two pale lines curving anterad) and with anterior intersection of claval veins pale, showing bilateral symmetry; palest forms with irregular, large pale blotches throughout clavus; Hawai’i Island ( Fig. 7 & 9 )................................................................................ aakokohaikea species subgroup, 7 Note: The following are a closely related assemblage of Nesophrosyne species most easily discerned by knowledge of collection locality:

5. West Maui; almost always with three pale marks ( Fig. 7 a); darkest forms with only central oval saddle mark; apical process present, short 1/10 length of aedeagal arm................................................ N. broussaisiai sp. nov.

- East Maui; characters not as above....................................................................... 6

6. Claval coloration ranging from three mark forms to entirely pale; apical process present, short 1/10 length of aedeagal arm

( Fig. 7 & 8 )............................................................................ N. ogradyi sp. nov. - East Maui, Haleakalā leeward face; species with claval coloration usually entirely pale; darker forms with dark bands across clavus, appearing disrupted; apical processes absent............................................ N. kaupoi sp. nov.

7. Claval veins partially pale, extending from commissural line (appearing as two pale line curving anterad), with anterior intersection of claval veins pale, showing bilateral symmetry ( Fig. 7 & 9 ).......................... N. aakokohaikea sp. nov.

- Clavus predominately pale, appearing irregularly shaped, connected with thin pale line across commissural line................................................................................................ N. kanawao sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Nesophrosyne heopoko endemic to Kaua’i: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view.

FIGURE 5. Nesophrosyne makaihe endemic to O’ahu, Wai’anae Range: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view.

FIGURE 6. Nesophrosyne magnaccai endemic to Moloka’i: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view.

FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of the species comprising the kanawao species group: A. N. broussaisiai, B. N. ogradyi, C. N. kaupoi, D. N. kanawao, and E. N. aakokohaikea.

FIGURE 8. Nesophrosyne ogradyi endemȋc tο Μauȋ ̓ Ha 1 eaka 1 ā wȋndward face ∶ a · dοrsum ﹔ b · ma 1 e pygοfer ﹔ c · aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view.

FIGURE 9. Nesophrosyne aakokohaikea endemic to Hawai’i Island, Mauna Loa South Slope: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view.