Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775)
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.155309 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9ED8B8D5-ADA1-4B53-A1D3-0F75F889A179 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823257 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1-FFF4-8265-7CF5-FE08FD4AFC6D |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775) |
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Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775)
Figs 63 View Figs 57 - 64 , 130 View Figs 128 - 130 , 176 View Figs 173 - 177
Phalaena recurvalis Fabricius, 1775: 644 .
Zinckenia fascialis Cramer : Schaus, 1923: 28.
Hymenia recurvalis (Fabricius) : Linsley & Usinger, 1966: 162.
Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius) : Peck et al., 1998: 227. ‒ Causton et al., 2006: 141. ‒ Roque-Albelo & Landry, 2015.
Material examined: 5 ♂, 7 ♀, 43 of undetermined sex from the Galápagos Islands. – Española: Bahía Manzanillo ; Las Tunas trail, 100 m elev[ation]. – Floreana: Punta Cormoran; Charles [no precise locality]. – Isabela: Albermarle, Cobea [?] Settlement; V[olcan]. Darwin, 300 m elev.; NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up (S) Los Guayabillos camp, GPS: 892 m elev., S 00° 25.208’, W 91° 04.765’; V. Darwin, 1000 m elev. – San Cristóbal: Chatham [no precise locality]. – Santa Cruz: Academy Bay, Charles Darwin Research Station; Charles Darwin Research Station; Horneman Farm, 200 m; Horneman Farm, 220 m elev.; [no precise locality], reared from larva ex Sesuvium portulacastrum . – Santiago: Jaboncillo [camp], ± 850 m elev. Deposited in BMNH, CAS, CDRS, MCZ, and MHNG.
Diagnosis: Measuring between 17 and 21 mm in wingspan in the Galápagos this species is most similar to Hymenia perspectalis (Hübner) ( Figs 22, 23 View Figs 17 - 24 ) and Cryptobotys zoilusalis (Walker) ( Figs 10, 11 View Figs 9 - 16 ), both treated above. Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius) ( Fig. 63 View Figs 57 - 64 ) is somewhat paler brown than H. perspectalis . Their white markings differ in the forewing by the wide median fascia from the dorsum touching the discocellular stigma in S. recurvalis , thin and not touching the discocellular stigma in H. perspectalis , and on the hindwing by the wide and evenly margined fascia of S. recurvalis compared to the thin fascia presenting a median bilobed projection medially on the external margin in H. perspectalis . Cryptobotys zoilusalis (Walker) also has white to cream fasciae, but these are very thin.
Biology: The larva of this species is polyphagous and has been recorded on a wide variety of plants, for example Aizoaceae ( Trianthema sp.), Amaranthaceae ( Alternanthera sp., Amaranthus sp., Celosia sp., Gomphrena sp.), Arecaceae [ Chrysalidocarpus (= Dypsis ) sp.], Asteraceae ( Chrysanthemum sp., Eupatorium sp.), Chenopodiaceae ( Beta sp., Chenopodium sp.), Convolvulaceae ( Ipomoea sp.), Fabaceae ( Glycine sp., Vigna sp.), Nyctaginaceae ( Boerhavia sp.), Poaceae ( Zea sp.), Portulacaceae ( Portulaca sp., Spinacia sp.), Solanaceae ( Lycopersicon sp.), etc. ( Robinson et al., 2014). In the CDRS collection there is a pair of specimens associated with a number 69, which refers to a notebook entry mentioning Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. and Portulaca oleraceae L. ( Aizoaceae ) as hosts in the Galápagos. Moths in the archipelago have been collected from sea level up to 1000 m in elevation in pristine as well as anthropized habitats, from February to May and in December.
Distribution: Based on the literature (for example De Prins & De Prins, 2015; Shaffer & Munroe, 2007; Zimmerman, 1958) and museum specimens this species is widespread around the world under warm climates, but it is also probably resident in Southern Europe and occasionally reaches northern Europe ( Slamka, 2013) and south-eastern Canada ( Patterson et al., 2015). In the Galápagos it has been collected on the islands of Española, Floreana, Isabela, San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz, and Santiago.
Remarks: I have identified a Galápagos specimen of this species by comparing it with BMNH identified material, including the types of some of its synonyms. The type was not examined as it is lost ( Clarke, 1986).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775)
Bernard Landry 2016 |
Spoladea recurvalis
Causton C. E. & Peck S. B. & Sinclair B. J. & Roque-Albelo L. & Hodgson C. J. & Landry B. 2006: 141 |
Peck S. B. & Heraty J. & Landry B. & Sinclair B. J. 1998: 227 |
Hymenia recurvalis
Linsley E. G. & Usinger R. L. 1966: 162 |
Zinckenia fascialis
Schaus W. 1923: 28 |