Crovettia Olmi, 1984

Olmi, Massimo, Copeland, Robert S. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 4630 (1), pp. 1-619 : 60

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4630.1.1
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scientific name	Crovettia Olmi, 1984
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2. Genus Crovettia Olmi, 1984

Crovettia Olmi 1984: 84 ; 1996b: 60; Olmi et al. 2000: 145; He & Xu 2002: 82; Virla & Olmi 2008: 369; Moya-Raygoza & Olmi 2010: 86; Xu et al. 2013: 43; Olmi & Virla 2014: 30; Olmi & Xu 2015: 33.

Biaphelopus Olmi 1984: 95 (synonymized by Olmi 1996b); type species: Biaphelopus masneri Olmi 1984 , by monotypy and original designation; Olmi 1991: 124; 1996b: 60.

Paraphelopus Olmi 1991: 120 (synonymized by Olmi 1998d); type species: Paraphelopus townesi Olmi 1991 , by original designation.

Type species. Crovettia theliae ( Gahan 1918) , by original designation.

Diagnosis. ♀: fully winged ( Fig. 18A View FIGURE 18 ); epistomal suture touching antennal toruli (as in Fig. 18C View FIGURE 18 ); occipital ca- rina complete; antenna without ADOs; palpal formula 5/2, 5/3, 6/2, or 6/3; forewing with only costal cell enclosed by pigmented veins (as in Fig. 18D View FIGURE 18 ) (rarely with C and R cells completely enclosed by pigmented veins: character not present in Afrotropical species ( Figs 18A, B View FIGURE 18 )); forewing with pterostigma present and 2r-rs&Rs vein straight (as in Fig. 18D View FIGURE 18 ), or angled between proximal and distal parts (character not present in Afrotropical species ( Figs 18A, B View FIGURE 18 )); course of forewing veins not marked by dark stripes; hind wing hyaline, with costal vein, without dark medial longitudinal stripe ( Fig. 18A View FIGURE 18 ); protarsus not chelate; tibial spurs 1/1/2. ♂: fully winged winged ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 ); epistomal suture touching antennal toruli ( Fig. 18C View FIGURE 18 ); occipital carina complete; palpal formula 5/2, 5/3, 6/2, or 6/3; forewing with only costal cell enclosed by pigmented veins ( Figs 18C View FIGURE 18 ) (or with C and R cells completely enclosed by pigmented veins (as in Figs 18A, B View FIGURE 18 ): character not present in Afrotropical species); forewing with pterostigma present and 2r-rs&Rs vein straight ( Fig. 18D View FIGURE 18 ), or angled between proximal and distal parts (character not present in Afrotropical species); course of forewing veins not marked by dark stripes; hind wing ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 ) hyaline, with costal vein, without dark medial longitudinal stripe; basivolsella situated completely below distivolsella apex ( Figs 20 View FIGURE 20 A- C); tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Distribution. Afrotropical, Australian, Oriental, Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Present at the Oriental bor- der of the Palaearctic region ( Nepal).

Hosts. Membracidae ( Guglielmino & Olmi 1997) .

World species. 16 species are known, one in the Afrotropical region.

Biology. Species of Crovettia are known for their completely endophagous parasitism and poliembriony. Their biology was studied in Nearctic species ( Matausch 1909, 1911; Kornhauser 1916, 1917, 1919; Gahan 1918).

References

Gahan, A. B. (1918) An interesting new Hymenopterous parasite. The Canadian Entomologist, 50, 151 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 50151 - 5

Guglielmino, A. & Olmi, M. (1997) A host-parasite catalog of world Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Contributions on Entomology, International, 2, 165 - 298.

He, J. & Xu, Z. (2002) Hymenoptera Dryinidae. Fauna Sinica. Vol. 29. Science Press, Beijing, 464 pp.

Kornhauser, S. I. (1916) Changes in Thelia bimaculata (Fabricius) induced by insect parasites. Science, New Series, 43, 144 - 145.

Kornhauser, S. I. (1917) Further studies on changes in Thelia bimaculata brought about by insect parasites. The Anatomical Record, 11, 538 - 540.

Kornhauser, S. I. (1919) The sexual characteristics of the Membracid Thelia bimaculata (Fabr.). I. External changes induced by Aphelopus theliae (Gahan). Journal of Morphology, 32, 531 - 636. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 1050320305

Matausch, I. (1909) Gynandromorphic Membracidae. Journal of the New York entomological Society, XVII, 165, pl. XIII.

Matausch, I. (1911) The effects of parasitic castration in Membracidae. Journal of the New York entomological Society, XIX, 194 - 196.

Moya-Raygoza, G. & Olmi, M. (2010 [ 2008 ]) A catalogue of Dryinidae of Mexico, with descriptions of the opposite sexes of some species (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea). Frustula entomologica, New Series, 31, 77 - 112.

Olmi, M. (1984) A revision of the Dryinidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 37, I-XII + 1 - 1913.

Olmi, M. (1991 [ 1989 ]) Supplement to the revision of the world Dryinidae (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea). Frustula entomologica, New Series, 12, 109 - 395.

Olmi, M. (1996 b) Taxonomic remarks on American Dryinidae, with descriptions of new species (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea). Redia, 79, 57 - 81.

Olmi, M. (1998 d) Gonatopus orangensis: a new species of Dryinidae from South Africa (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea). Tropical Zoology, 11, 177 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1998.10539359

Olmi, M. & Virla, E. G. (2014) Dryinidae of the Neotropical region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa, 3792, 1 - 534. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3792.1.1

Olmi, M. & Xu, Z. (2015) Dryinidae of the Eastern Palaearctic region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa, 3996 (1), 1 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3996.1.1

Virla, E. G. & Olmi, M. (2008) Dryinidae. In: Claps, L. E., Debandi, G. & Roig-Junent, S. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de Artropodos Argentinos. Vol. 2. Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, Mendoza, pp. 357 - 372.

Xu, Z., Olmi, M. & He, J. (2013) Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa, 3614 (1), 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1

Figures

FIGURE 18. Crovettia sp. ♀ n dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view. Crovettia afra Olmi, Copeland & van Noort sp. nov.: head in frontal view of ♂ specimen from Kenya, Muhaka Forest (C); forewing of holotype (D). Scale bar: A: 2.2 mm; B: 1.84 mm; C: 0.79 mm; D: 0.8 mm.

FIGURE 19. Crovettia afra Olmi, Copeland & van Noort sp. nov., ♂ holotype: habitus in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view; head in frontal view (C); forewing (D).

FIGURE 20. ♂ genitalia of Crovettia afra Olmi, Copeland & van Noort sp. nov.: A: holotype; B: specimen from Madagascar, 21°15.99’S 47°25.21’E; C: specimen from Kenya, 3.30958°S 39.96538°E. Scale bar: A: 0.20 mm; B: 0.16 mm; C: 0.19 mm.