Gonatopus, Ljungh, 1810

Olmi, Massimo, Copeland, Robert S. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 4630 (1), pp. 1-619 : 420-421

Afrotropical Gonatopus Group 2: key to the ♀♀

1. Meso-metapleural suture obsolete or incomplete............................................................ 2

- Meso-metapleural suture distinct and complete............................................................ 13

2. Metanotum with lateral pointed protrusions ( Fig. 169C )............ G. comorensis Olmi, Copeland & van Noort , sp. nov.

- Metanotum with sides rounded ( Figs 171F , 174G )........................................................... 3

3. Mesosoma at least partly black.......................................................................... 4

- Mesosoma completely yellow-testaceous, or yellow-reddish, or brown-reddish, or partly yellow-reddish and brown-reddish 7

4. Pronotum with anterior collar black and disc yellow................................... G. perkinsiellavorus (Benoit)

- Pronotum completely black, or brown, or testaceous......................................................... 5

5. Mesoscutum yellow, with anterior margin darkened; antennomere 10 brown.................................................................................................. G. harteni (Olmi) or G. festivus Olmi (see remarks)

- Mesoscutum black; antennomere 10 brown, or whitish, or yellow............................................... 6

6. Antennomere 10 whitish or yellow......................................................... G. pilosoides Olmi

- Antennomere 10 brown.................................................................. G. niassensis Olmi

7. Body very shiny, unsculptured, except propodeal declivity transversely striate........................ G. ceballosi Olmi

- Body at least partly strongly or slightly granulate, or rugose................................................... 8

8. Head completely yellow-testaceous...................................................................... 9

- Head brown-black or brown, except occiput, clypeus, mandible and anterior part of frons yellow..................... 10

9. Top of metapectal-propodeal disc with track of median furrow..................................... G. polli (Benoit)

- Top of metapectal-propodeal disc without track of median furrow................................ G. ghanensis Olmi

10. Top and anterior surface of metapectal-propodeal disc rugose and sculptured by irregular striae; head with OL about 3 × as long as POL; frontal line present also in ocellar triangle forming median longitudinal keel............... G. ntumenensis Olmi

- Top and anterior surface of metapectal-propodeal disc unsculptured or very slightly granulate; head with OL twice or less than twice as long as POL; frontal line not present in ocellar triangle............................................... 11

11. Pronotum showing disc contraction near posterior margin ( Fig. 171F ); sides of metanotum less sinuate ( Fig. 171F )............................................................................................... G. festivus Olmi - Pronotum not showing disc contraction near posterior margin ( Fig. 174I ); sides of metanotum more sinuate ( Fig. 174I )... 12

12. Top of metapectal-propodeal disc without track of median longitudinal furrow.......................... G. ruens Olmi

- Top of metapectal-propodeal disc with track of median longitudinal furrow.......................... G. amoenus Olmi

13. Body at least partly black or brown or brown-reddish....................................................... 14

- Body yellow testaceous, or testaceous, or ferruginous, except petiole black; occasionally antenna or metasoma partly or totally brown or black...................................................................................... 17

14. Anterior surface of metapectal-propodeal disc sculptured by many strong longitudinal striae; top of metapectal-propodeal disc with strong median longitudinal furrow; head deeply excavated ( Fig. 171D )...................... G. camposensis Olmi

- Anterior surface of metapectal-propodeal disc unsculptured, or granulate, or punctate, never sculptured by striae; top of metapectal-propodeal disc without median longitudinal furrow or with track of median longitudinal furrow; head less excavated ( Figs 168C , 174D , 175D )............................................................................. 15

15. Subdistal tooth of enlarged claw larger (see Fig. 175E ).......................................... G. jacksoni Olmi

- Subdistal tooth of enlarged claw smaller (see Figs 168D , 176F )............................................... 16

16. Head less excavated ( Fig. 168C ); anterior surface of metapectal-propodeal disc very shiny, unsculptured.. G. acutus (Olmi)

- Head more excavated ( Fig. 175D ); anterior surface of metapectal-propodeal disc slightly dull, partly punctate and granulate...................................................................................... G. vannoorti Olmi

17. Metanotum excavated behind mesoscutellum ( Fig. 174B ).......................................... G. fisheri Olmi

- Metanotum about coplanar to mesoscutellum ( Figs 174K , 175C ).............................................. 18

18. Pronotum with transverse impression narrow and less deep ( Fig. 174K ); top of metapectal-propodeal disc usually without median furrow ( Fig. 174J ), occasionally with track of median longitudinal furrow........................ G. similis Brues

- Pronotum with transverse impression very deep and broad ( Fig. 175C ); top of metapectal-propodeal disc usually with strong median furrow ( Fig. 175B ), occasionally with track of median longitudinal furrow............... G. spiracularis (Benoit)

Remarks. The ♀ mesosoma of Gonatopus festivus Olmi can vary in colour, from totally testaceous to partly black or brown. If the colour is partly black or brown, ♀♀ of G. festivus can be confused with G. harteni Olmi. In this case, ♀♀ of these two species are indistinguishable. However, the two species are distinct, because their ♂♂ show strong differences.

Figures

FIGURE 168.A, D–G: chelae of Gonatopus species. A: G. nearcticus (Fenton), ♀ from Uganda, Serere; D: G. acutus (Olmi), holotype; E: G. amoenus Olmi, holotype; F: G. camposensis Olmi, holotype; G: G. ceballosi Olmi, holotype. B: genitalia of G. nearcticus (Fenton), ♂ from Greece, Pyrgi. C: head in frontal view of G. acutus (Olmi), ♀ from South Africa, The Baths. Scale bar: A, E: 0.09 mm; B: 0.20 mm; C: 0.26 mm; D, G: 0.07 mm; F: 0.08 mm.

FIGURE 169. Habitus of Gonatopus species: group 2. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view of ♀. C: Gonatopus comorensis Olmi, Copeland & van Noort sp. nov., ♀ holotype in dorsal view; lateral pointed protrusions of metanotum. Scale bar: A: 2.35 mm; B: 2.31 mm; C: 3.44 mm.

FIGURE 171. A–C: ♂ genitalia of Gonatopus species: A: G. acutus (Olmi), from Mozambique, Cuamba; B, C: G. amoenus Olmi, paratypes from Mozambique, Umbeluzi. D: Gonatopus camposensis Olmi, ♀ holotype: head in frontal view. E: Gonatopus comorensis Olmi, Copeland & van Noort sp. nov.: mesosoma of ♀ holotype in lateral view. F: Gonatopus festivus Olmi, mesosoma of ♀ holotype in dorsal view. Scale bar: A: 0.06 mm; B: 0.08 mm; C: 0.10 mm; D: 0.27 mm; E: 1.07 mm; F: 0.77 mm.

FIGURE 174. Gonatopus species of group 2. A, B: G. fisheri Olmi, mesosoma of ♀ holotype in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view. C: G. harteni (Olmi), head in frontal view of ♂ paratype. D–F: G. jacksoni Olmi, ♀ holotype: head in frontal view (D); mesosoma in dorsal (E) and lateral (F) view. G, H: G. perkinsiellavorus Benoit, ♀ holotype: mesosoma in dorsal (G) and lateral (H) view. I, M: G. ruens (Olmi): mesosoma of ♀ holotype in dorsal view (I); ♂ paratype in dorsal view (M). J–M: G. similis Brues: mesosoma of ♀ holotype in dorsal (J) and lateral (K) view; head of ♀ holotype in frontal view (L). Scale bar: A, B, F: 0.75 mm; C: 0.10 mm; D: 0.33 mm; E, I: 0.77 mm; G, H: 0.87 mm; J, K: 0.67 mm; L: 0.23 mm; M: 1.15 mm.

FIGURE 175. Gonatopus species of group 2. A–C: G. spiracularis (Benoit), ♀ paratype: head in frontal view (A); mesosoma in dorsal (B) and lateral (C) view. D: G. vannoorti Olmi: head of ♀ holotype in frontal view. E: G. jacksoni Olmi, holotype chela. F: G. niassensis Olmi, holotype chela. G: G. ntumenensis Olmi, holotype chela. Scale bar: A: 0.24 mm; B, C: 0.80 mm; D: 0.19 mm; E: 0.09 mm; F: 0.08 mm; G: 0.11 mm.

FIGURE 176. Chelae of Gonatopus species holotypes. A: G. pilosoides Olmi. B: G. polli (Benoit). C: G. ruens (Olmi). D: G. similis Brues. E: G. spiracularis (Benoit). F: G. vannoorti Olmi. Scale bar: A: 0.12 mm; B: 0.07 mm; C: 0.08 mm; D, F: 0.06 mm; E: 0.10 mm.