Planaphrodes bifasciatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Tishechkin, D. Yu., 2019, Calling signal pattern vs. genitalia morphology in Planaphrodes Hamilton, 1975 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Aphrodinae) - which trait evolves faster?, Russian Entomological Journal 28 (3), pp. 227-232 : 231

Planaphrodes bifasciatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Figs 15–21 .

MATERIAL. 1. Russia, Moscow Oblast, Mytishchi District, env. Pirogovo Town, dry meadow, from Trifolium repens L., 2.VII.1988, signals of one male recorded at 27 °C ( Figs 15, 17, 19 ). 2. Russia, Moscow Oblast, Serpukhov District , env. Luzhki Village , dry meadow near the Oka River , from Medicago falcata L., 30.VI.1988, signals of two males recorded at 27 °C ( Figs 16, 18, 20–21 ) .

SIGNALS. Calling signal is a phrase lasting for about 10– 20 s and consisting of three different parts. The first part consists of rather variable syllables repeating with a period of ca. 0.8– 1.1 s. The second part consists of high-amplitude syllables including two pulses each or, more rarely, of single pulses; in our recordings, syllable repetition period in this part averages 50–60 ms. The third part has considerably lower amplitude compared to the second one and is similar to the 2 nd part of a phrase of P. elongatus (cf. Figs 13 and 19–20 , the 2 nd halves of oscillograms); syllable repetition period in this part averages 40–50 ms. Male can produce single phrases with irregular intervals ( Fig. 15 ) or sing almost continuously for several minutes ( Fig. 16 ). In the latter case phrases can follow each other without gaps (the end of the previous phrase presents in the beginning of the oscillogram on Fig. 16 ).

PENIS SHAPE. Penis broad in lateral view, with two pairs of processes in the middle of a ventral part and a pair of processes on the sides closer to the dorsal edge; apical part simple, rounded ( Fig. 21 ).

Figures

Figs 15–29. Planaphrodes spp.: 15–21 — P. bifasciatus; 22–29 — P. monticola; 15–20 and 22–28 — oscillograms of male calling signals; 21 and 29 — penis, side view; 15, 17, and 19 — male from Mytishchi District; 16, 18, and 20–21 — male from Serpukhov District (both in Moscow Oblast); 22–23, 25, 27, and 29 — male from Western Tien-Shan Mts.; 24, 26, and 28 — male from Central Tien-Shan Mts. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as “17–20” and “25–28” are given under the same numbers. Рис. 15–29. Planaphrodes spp.: 15–21 — P. bifasciatus; 22–29 — P. monticola; 15–20, 22–28 — осциллограммы приЗывных сигналов самца; 21, 29 — пенис сбоку; 15, 17, 19 — самец иЗ МытиЩинского р-на; 16, 18, 20–21 — самец иЗ Серпуховского р-на (оба — МосковскаЯ обл.); 22–23, 25, 27, 29 — самец с Западного ТЯнь-ШанЯ; 24, 26, 28 — самец с Центрального ТЯнь-ШанЯ. Фрагменты сигналов, обоЗначенные цифрами “17–20” и “25–28”, представлены на осциллограммах под такими же номерами.

Figs 1–14. Planaphrodes spp.: 1–7 — P. laevus; 8–14 — P. elongatus; 1–6 and 8–13 — oscillograms of male calling signals; 7 and 14 — penis, side view; 1, 3, and 7 — male from Altai Mts.; 2 and 4–6 — males from Moscow Oblast; 8–11 and 13 — male from Saratov Oblast; 12 and 14 — male from Astrakhan Oblast. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as “3–4”, “9–11”, and “13” are given under the same numbers. Рис. 1–14. Planaphrodes spp.: 1–7 — P. laevus; 8–14 — P. elongatus; 1–6, 8–13 — осциллограммы приЗывных сигналов самца; 7, 14 — пенис сбоку; 1, 3, 7 — самец с АлтаЯ; 2, 4–6 — самцы иЗ Московской обл.; 8–11, 13 — самец иЗ Саратовской обл.; 12, 14 — самециЗ Астраханской обл. Фрагменты сигналов, обоЗначенные цифрами “3–4”,“9–11” и “13”, представлены на осциллограммах под такими же номерами.