Parapharyngodon pereiramendoi De Sousa-Silva, 2024
|
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2024.2420959 |
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14396790 |
|
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E8B747-FFE1-A30B-FEFE-CBB89D18F930 |
|
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
|
scientific name |
Parapharyngodon pereiramendoi De Sousa-Silva |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Parapharyngodon pereiramendoi De Sousa-Silva sp. n.
( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (a–h), 2 (a–f), and 3(a–e))
Taxonomic summary
Type host. Corythomantis greeningi ( Hylidae : Lophyohylinae )
Type locality. Ecological Station of Aiuaba GoogleMaps , Aiuaba municipality, Ceará State, Northeastern Brazil (6.000°S, 39.999°W).
Site of infection. Large intestine
Numbers of parasite specimens/hosts. (309/11)
Prevalence. 100%
Mean intensity of infection. 28.1 ± 13.41
Range. 1–78
Other localities. Barro municipality (7°10'36''S, 38°46'54''W), Ceará state (Host: C. greeningi ).
Etymology. The species is named after the indigenist Bruno Pereira and the conservationist Chico Mendes for their work in protection, preservation, and conservation of the Amazon Forest and the Indigenous peoples in Brazil.
Description
General. Robust and fusiform nematode, pale white (whitish), cuticle with well-defined transverse striations from the anterior portion of the body to the base of the caudal filament. Evident sexual dimorphism, with males approximately half the size of females. Lateral alae are absent in both sexes. Male with triangular mouth opening, having four bilobed lips, one dorsal, two ventrolateral, and one ventral ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (b) and 3(a)). A pair of amphids located on the ventrolateral lips, close to the oral opening ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (b) and 3(a)). Nerve ring located in the first anterior third of the pharynx region ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (a, c)). Oesophagus with characteristics of Oxyuridae ( Adamson 1989) , bulb with developed muscular valve projected through the first portion of the intestine. The opening of the excretory pore is post-bulbar and has a vesicular body surrounding the excretory duct. Spicule small and slightly sclerotised ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (f) and 2(c)). Gubernaculum absent. Cloacal region with a short V-shaped support ( Figures 2 View Figure 2 (e) and 3(b, e)). Three pairs of mammiliform caudal papillae (one pair near the upper cloacal lip, one pair ad-cloacal, and the third pair fused, located at the base of the caudal filament in males) ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (e), 2(e), and 3(b, e)). The caudal alae are absent. Female with triangular oral opening with three bilobed lips ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (d) and 3(c)), amphids opening in ventrolateral lips. The opening of the excretory pore is post-bulbar and has a vesicular body surrounding the excretory duct ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (c) and 2(b)). Vulva in equatorial position and conical tail ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (c, g), 2(b) and 3(d)).Eggs with a subterminal operculum, thick external coating, and not embryonated ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (h), 2(d)).
Male. (Based on the holotype and 16 paratypes). Total body length 2.10 ± 3.2 (1.36–2.65) mm ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (a) and 2(a)). Body width at oesophagus-intestine junction 166.7 ± 23 (130–219). Nerve ring and excretory pore located at 134 ± 8 (115–148) and 596.7 ± 62 (514–703) from anterior end, respectively. Oesophagus total length 405 ± 22 (370–448), representing 19% of total body length; corpus length 294 ± 18 (264–328), corpus width 34.1 ± 4 (24–40), isthmus length 21.4 ± 4 (14–31), isthmus width 24.8 ± 3 (19–30), bulb length 90 ± 9 (70–104), bulb width 96.6 ± 11 (75–120) ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (c) and 2(f)). Testicle extending anteriorly from mid-body region ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (c)). Vas deferens not observed. Spicule poorly sclerotised, sharply pointed 51.6 ± 5 (43–62) ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (f) and 2(c)). Anterior anal lip echinate, with smooth, short projections: irregular, not well developed, small finger-like outgrowths ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (e)). Genital cone with short projection, present at the base of the posterior anal lip ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (e)). Three pairs of mammilliform caudal papillae distributed as follows: one pair just above the anterior cloacal lip, the second pair sublaterally ad-cloacal, and the third pair sharing a fused base near the base of the caudal filament ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (e), 2(e), and 3(b, e)). Long tail inserted dorsally 100.9 ± 7 (90–115) ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (a, e), and 3(b)).
Female. (Based i=on one allotype and 20 paratypes). Total body length 3.13 ± 6.1 (2.32–4.02) mm ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (c) and 2(b)). Body width at oesophagus-intestine junction 325.2 ± 58 (196–401). Nerve ring and excretory pore located at 136.9 ± 10 (116–158) and 843.7 ± 144 (666–1099) from anterior end, respectively. Oesophagus total length 602.9 ± 28 (545–643), representing 19% of total body length; corpus length 451.6 ± 20 (406–481), corpus width 46.8 ± 3 (41–51), isthmus length 26.5 ± 6 (14–39), isthmus width 36.8 ± 3 (32–45), bulb length 124.3 ± 9 (101–139), bulb width 133.7 ± 8 (120–158) ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (c) and 2(b)). Vulva with prominent lips situated at mid-region of the body, 1566.4 ± 294 (1196–2000) from anterior end ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (c) and 2(b)). Monodelphic, prodelphic, and post-bulbar ovary. Eggs thickshelled, non-embryonated, with subterminal single operculum, 116.6 ± 2 (73–135) × 51.4 ± 1 (35–66) ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (g) and 2(d)) and not embryonated. Tail conical, pointed, 314.2 ± 49 (229–387) ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (h), 2(b) and 3(d)).
Remarks
Among the Parapharyngodon species that occur in the Neotropical realm the males of P. alvarengai , P. bainae , P. hispidus , P. largitor , P. riojensis , P. sanjuanensis , P. sceleratus , P. silvoi and P. verrucosus differ from males of P. pereiramendoi sp. n. by the absence of a genital cone, while in the new species it is present ( Table 1 View Table 1 ), and the males of P. curupira , P. hugoi , and P. politoedi differ from males of P. pereiramendoi sp. n. by the presence of a lateral ala, while in the new species it is absent ( Table 1 View Table 1 ). Regarding the females, P. alvarengai , P. bainae , P. curupira , P. hispidus , P. largitor , P. sceleratus and P. verrucosus differ from females of P. pereiramendoi sp. n. by having an ovary in a pre-bulbar position, while the new species has the ovary in a post-bulbar position ( Table 2 View Table 2 ); P. hugoi , P. largitor , P. politoedi and P. riojensis differ from females of P. pereiramendoi sp. n. by having the vulva pre-equatorial or post-equatorial, while a new species have the vulva equatorial ( Table 2 View Table 2 ); P. sanjuanensis and P. silvoi differ from females of P. pereiramendoi sp. n. by having a stout spike in the caudal end, while the new species has a conical and pointed cauda ( Table 2 View Table 2 ).
In addition to P. pereiramendoi sp. n., five other species have been described infecting hylid hosts: P. chamelensis (Nearctic realm, Bursey and Goldberg 2015; Velarde-Aguilar et al. 2015), P. curupira (Neotropical realm, Santos AN et al. 2022), P. hylidae and P. osteopili (Panamanian realm, Bursey and Goldberg 2015; Velarde-Aguilar et al. 2015), and P. politoedi (Neotropical realm, Santos T et al. 2018). Parapharyngodon pereiramendoi sp. n. differs from P. chamelensis by the absence of a single papilla on the ventral lip of the oral region, lateral lobes of the genital cone V-shaped, and a single postanal papilla with two nerve endings located on the medium lobe of the posterior lip. It differs from P. hylidae by having a mouth with four lips and a non-pedunculated amphid. It differs from P. politoedi by the absence of a lateral ala and by having four bilobed lips. It differs from P. osteopili by the absence of the four large submedian papillae and an oral ring internal to the buccal cavity with six small papillae. Parapharyngodon pereiramendoi sp. n. differs from P. curupira by the presence of four bilobed lips and the absence of cephalic papillae and lateral alae.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
|
Kingdom |
|
|
Phylum |
|
|
Class |
|
|
Order |
|
|
SuperFamily |
Oxyuroidea |
|
Family |
|
|
Genus |