Epistrophe shibakawae (Matsumura, 1917)

Kim, Chan-Ouk, Hwang, Seul-Ma-Ro & Han, Hak-Seon Lee and Ho-Yeon, 2022, Ten species of the tribe Syrphini (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae) newly recorded in Korea, Journal of Species Research 11 (3), pp. 208-237 : 220-223

6. Epistrophe shibakawae (Matsumura, 1917)

ḍŔḛśHqỵỄOi (ljḑ) ( Figs. 2K- O , 5I- L )

Syrphus shibakwae Matsumura and Adachi, 1917: 36 (type locality - Japan, Hokkaido Sapporo and Honshu; syntypes 1♂ 1$, HUS); Shiraki, 1930: 374 (redescription).

Syrphus horishana Matsumura and Adachi, 1917: 24 (type locality - Taiwan; holotype ♂, HUS).

Syrphus koannania Matsumura and Adachi, 1917: 25 (type locality - Taiwan; holotype ♂, HUS).

Syrphus quinquevittatus Brunetti, 1923: 81 (type locality - India, Darjeeling , Kalimpong; holotype ♂, ZSI).

Metasyrphus shibakawae : Peck, 1988: 32 [as a synonym of Metasyrphus aino (Matsumura, 1917) - error].

Epistrophe horishana : Vockeroth, 1969: 61 (in Syrphini generic revision); Knutson et al., 1975: 314 (in Oriental catalog); Peck, 1988: 22 (in Palaearctic catalog); Ȏhara, 1989: 783 (in Japanese checklist); Hua, 2006: 73 (in Chinese checklist).

Epistrophe shibakawae : Mutin and Barkalov, 1999: 382 (in Russian Far East key); Ȏhara et al., 2014: 469 (in Japanese catalog); Barkalov and Mutin, 2018: 495 (in Russian checklist).

Diagnosis. Epistrophe shibakawae can be distinguished from Korean congeners by the following combination of characteristics: 1) frons largely black except for variably brownish-yellow antero-lateral areas, with black hairs ( Fig. 2K, N ); 2) lunule dorsally brownish black to black, ventrally brownish yellow; 3) antenna largely pale brown to brownish yellow except for variably darkened dorsal area of postpedicel and brownish black arista ( Fig. 2M, O ); 4) wing entirely microtrichose; 5) in males, sternites 2 and 3 each with brownish-black to pale brown transverse subposterior band (band medially shortened or interrupted) ( Fig. 2L ); and 6) basiphallus with 2 pairs of pointed ventral processes, each pair relatively narrow and almost parallel in ventral view ( Fig. 5 K-a, -b, L). This species superficially resembles E. aino , and that is probably why Peck (1988) synonymized them. However, the black area on tergite 2 is distinctly larger in E. shibakawae . Moreover, E. shibakawae male has a brownish-black to pale brown transverse band on each of sternites 2 and 3 (see above characteristic 5).

Description of Korean material. Male. Lengths and ratios: body length 10.6-12.4 mm; wing length 9.2- 10.9 mm; head ratio 0.65-0.73; face ratio 0.45-0.49; eye ratio 0.52-0.55; gena-eye ratio 0.09-0.12; antenna-head ratio 0.40-0.43; postpedicel-pedicel ratio 2.00- 2.30; arista-antenna ratio 1.06-1.29; wing ratio 3.55- 3.83; wing-thorax ratio 2.33-2.48; vein M ratio 2.06- 2.92; vein R 4+5 ratio 3.30-4.06. Head holoptic with eye contiguity about 0.7 × as long as vertical triangle ( Fig. 2K ); compound eye dark brown with slight purplish tinge, bare; vertex black, anteriorly with wavy black hairs (sometimes anteriorly mixed with a few brownish-yellow hairs), posteriorly with wavy brownish-yellow hairs; frons largely black except for variably brownish yellow antero-lateral areas, with yellow to yellowish-grey pruinosity, with black hairs; lunule dorsally brownish black to black, ventrally brownish yellow, bare; antenna largely pale brown to brownish yellow except for variably darkened dorsal area of postpedicel and brownish-black arista ( Fig. 2M ); face brownish yellow ground color with yellowish-grey to grey pruinosity, with brownish-yellow hairs; gena yellow with greyish pruinosity, with brownish-yellow to pale yellow hairs. Thorax largely blackish with yellowish-grey pruinosity, with wavy brownish-yellow to pale yellow hairs ( Fig. 2K ); scutum with subshiny yellowish-grey pruinosity; medial scutal area with pair of longitudinal greyish pruinose stripes (can be observed appropriate lighting) interrupted at anterior 3/4; lateral margins of scutum matte yellow ( Fig. 2K, M ); scutellum brownish yellow (occasionally baso-ventral corners narrowly darkened), anteriorly with wavy brownish-yellow hairs, posteriorly with wavy black hairs; pleura largely blackish except for variable colored metasternum (pale yellow to brownish black), mostly with yellowish grey pruinosity ( Fig. 2M ); anterior anepisternum, anterior 1/3 of posterior anepisternum, dorsomedial anepimeron, posterior anepimeron, meron, anatergite, mediotergite and metasternum bare; katepisternum with upper and lower wavy brownish yellow to pale yellow hair patches, narrowly connect- ed on posterior margin; halter with stem pale brown to brownish yellow, knob yellow to brownish yellow. Legs with variable colored coxae and trochanters (yellow to brownish black) with brownish-yellow hairs (sometimes mixed with a few black hairs) ( Fig. 2M ); fore and mid femora brownish yellow with brownish-yellow hairs (sometimes apically mixed with some black hairs); hind femur brownish yellow, basally with brownish-yellow hairs, apically with black hairs; fore and mid tibiae brownish yellow with short brownish-yellow hairs; hind tibia largely brownish yellow to pale brown, but irregularly slightly darkened, largely with short black hairs but apico-ventrally with brownish-yellow hairs; fore and mid tarsi basally brownish yellow, apically pale brown, with short brownish-yellow hairs; hind tarsus dorsally dark brown to brownish black with short black hairs, ventrally pale brown to brown with short pale brown hairs. Wing largely hyaline with slight pale brownish tinge ( Fig. 2K ); veins pale brown to brownish black; pterostigma pale brown; cell sc before pterostigma yellowish; wing membrane entirely microtrichose; upper and lower calypters pale yellow to brownish yellow with long brownish-yellow marginal hairs. Abdominal tergites unmargined, brownish-yellow ground color with black markings, with wavy brownish-yellow and black hairs (wave getting weaker towards apex) ( Fig. 2K ); tergite 1 largely subshiny black except for brownish yellow antero-lateral areas (occasionally brownish-yellow areas covering half or more area); tergite 2 with black antero- and postero-marginal bands connected with narrow longitudinal mid-stripe; tergite 3 with postero-marginally with black transverse band, antero-medially slightly protruded; tergite 4 with black transverse subposterior band, antero-medially slightly protruded; tergite 5 brownish yellow to pale brown, medially with variable sized triangular black spot of less than 1/5 of tergite width (occasionally invisible); sternite 1 pale yellow with wavy pale yellow hairs; sternites 2 and 3 pale yellow to brownish yellow, each with brownish black to pale brown transverse subposterior band, medially shortened or interrupted ( Fig. 2L ) (occasionally bands too faint to be observed), largely with wavy brownish-yellow hairs but posteriorly mixed with some black hairs (black hairs more on sternite 3 than on sternite 2); sternite 4 yellow to brownish yellow, largely with wavy brownish-yellow and short brownish-yellow hairs but posteriorly mixed with short black hairs; sternites 5-7 brownish yellow to pale brown, anteriorly with brownish-yellow hairs, posteriorly with black hairs; sternite 8 pale brown to brown, medially with rounded blackish spot of about 2/3-4/5 of sternite width, medially with black hairs, marginally with brownish yellow hairs. Male genitalia ( Fig. 6I- L ) with epandrium slightly longer than height in lateral view ( Fig. 5J ); surstylus longer than width in caudal view (middle width about 3/5 of length when oriented to show broadest area) ( Fig. 5I ), slightly curved anteriorly with rounded apex in lateral view, basally with long brownish-yellow hairs, apically with short hairs ( Fig. 5J ); hypandrium with short and slightly up-curved lingula ( Fig. 5J ); lateral protuberance of hypandrium about 3 × as long as lingula, with rounded apex; distiphallus apically widened as trumpet shape in lateral view ( Fig. 5K ); about apico-ventral 1/2 of distiphallus densely with short spiny hairs; basiphallus with 2 pairs of pointed ventral processes, each pair relatively narrow and almost parallel in ventral view ( Fig. 5 K-a, -b, L); baso-ventral processes with irregularly serrated posterior side in lateral view ( Fig. 5 K-b). Female. Similar to male except for the following characteristics. Lengths and ratios: body length 9.8-12.2 mm; wing length 9.3-10.9 mm; head ratio 0.67-0.71; face ratio 0.43-0.50; eye ratio 0.50-0.55; gena-eye ratio 0.10- 0.13; antenna-head ratio 0.48-0.51; postpedicel-pedicel ratio 2.36-2.70; arista-antenna ratio 0.98-1.17; wing ratio 3.48-3.66; wing-thorax ratio 2.49-2.65; vein M ratio 2.30-2.80; vein R 4+5 ratio 3.43-3.65. Head dichoptic with vertex about 0.18 × as wide as head in dorsal view ( Fig. 2N ); lateral margins of frons heavily with yellow to yellowish grey pruinosity of variable width (each of at least 1/2 of shortest width of frons), except for narrow median and posterior 1/3 areas ( Fig. 2N ). Abdominal tergites: black antero- and postero-marginal bands on tergite 2 distinctly separated (these bands occasionally slightly connected) ( Fig. 2N ); black bands on tergites 3 and 4 almost straight; sternites without brownish-black to pale brown bands.

Material examined. KOREA: Chungcheongbuk-do: Danyang-gun, Maepo-eup, Yeongcheon-ri, N37°4 ʹ 22 ʺ E 128°18 ʹ 18 ʺ, 25.IX.2012, S.-W. Suk, H.-S. Lee, 1$; ditto, 23.V.2012, S.-W. Suk, Y.-B. Lee, 1$; Jecheon-si, Baegun-myeon, Hwadang-ri, N37°10 ʹ 38 ʺ E127°56 ʹ 28 ʺ, 7.V.2012, S.-W. Suk, D.-H. Kim, H.-S. Lee, 1$; Jecheon-si, Geumseong-myeon, Yanghwa-ri, N37°4 ʹ 6 ʺ E128°12 ʹ 10 ʺ, 27.IX.2012, S.-W. Suk, H.-S. Lee, 3$; Yeongdong-gun, Sangchon-myeon, Goja-ri, Mt. Sambongsan, N35°26 ʹ 50 ʺ E127°40 ʹ 10 ʺ, 3.V.2019, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 1♂; Chungcheongnam-do: Geumsan-gun, Nami-myeon, Bohyeonsa Temple, N36° 03.494 ʹ E127°27.225 ʹ, 26.VIII-14.IX.2005, P. Tripotin, 1♂, 1$; ditto, 27.IV-14.V.2005, P. Tripotin, 1$; ditto, 4.IX-15.X.2005, P. Tripotin, 1♂; ditto, 14.IX-16. X.2005, P. Tripotin, 1$; Gangwon-do: Goseong-gun, Goseong-eup, Sottongnyeong, N38°18 ʹ 06 ʺ E126°21 ʹ 53 ʺ, 24.IX.2016, 3$(1$ in KNA); Hoengseong-gun, Anheung-myeon, Jigu-ri, 24.IX.2010, S.-W. Suk, Y.-B. Lee, H.-S. Lee, 1$( NIBR); Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Bangnae-ri, N37°51 ʹ 11 ʺ E128°16 ʹ 52 ʺ, 5.X.2012, S.-W. Suk, Y.-B. Lee, H.-S. Lee, 1$; ditto, 9.IX.2016, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, W.-R. Ha, 2♂; Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Changchon-ri, north valley of Mt. Gyebangsan, N37°44 ʹ 39 ʺ E128°26 ʹ 58 ʺ, 15.IX.2017, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 2$; Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Gwangwon-ri, Woldoon-gol, N37°50 ʹ 52 ʺ E128° 25 ʹ 24 ʺ, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 3♂, 6$(1$ in KNA); ditto, 16.IX.2021, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, 3♂, 1$; Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Mt. Gachilbong from Sambongyaksu to 1,240 m peak, N37°52 ʹ 04 ʺ E128° 27 ʹ 43 ʺ, 25.VIII.2016, Y.-B. Lee et al., 1♂; Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Mt. Odaesan, from Myeonggae-ri to Sangwangbong (1,491 m), N37°49 ʹ 30 ʺ E128°33 ʹ 52 ʺ, 4.IX.2013, H.-S. Lee et al., 1$; Hongcheon-gun, Seo-myeon, Magok-ri, along Hongcheon River (70 m), N37°43.786 ʹ E127°34.589 ʹ, 14-26.IX.2004, P. Tripotin, 1$; ditto, 26.IX-31.X.2004, P. Tripotin, 1$; Inje-gun, Sangnam-myeon, Misan-ri, Gaein Mineral Spring, N37° 52 ʹ 05 ʺ E128°22 ʹ 10 ʺ, 16.IX.2017, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 2$; Jeongseon-gun, Nam-myeon, Yupyeong-ri, Mt. Mindungsan, N37°16 ʹ 10 ʺ E128°46 ʹ 49 ʺ, 30.VIII. 2000, H.-Y. Han et al., 1♂; Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Jangjeon-ri, Jangjeon Valley, N37°27 ʹ 59.2 ʺ E 128°32 ʹ 18.7 ʺ, 31.VIII.2019, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, 1♂; ditto, 22.IX.2021, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, 1♂, 2$; Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Mt. Odaesan, near Dong- daesa (800 m), N37°44.31 ʹ E128°35.71 ʹ, 15.V-3.VI. 2006, P. Tripotin, 1$; Samcheok-si, Dogye-eup, Mugeon-ri, Moss waterfall, N37°15 ʹ 32.6 ʺ E129°06 ʹ 34.8 ʺ, 17.IX.2019, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, 1♂; Samcheok-si, Geunsan-dong, Mt. Geunsan, N37°24 ʹ 48 ʺ E129°08 ʹ 29 ʺ, 8.X.2012, S.-W. Suk, Y.-B. Lee, D.-H. Kim, 1$; Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Daean-ri, N37°16 ʹ 24 ʺ E127°53 ʹ 11 ʺ, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, 1$; Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, Yonsei Univ. Mirae Campus, N37°17 ʹ 10 ʺ E127°54 ʹ 01 ʺ, 17.IX.2018, S.-S. Euo, 1♂, 1$; Yeongwol-gun, Jungdong-myeon, Hwawon-ri, N37°09 ʹ 40.1 ʺ E128°38 ʹ 11.2 ʺ, 29.IX.2018, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.- H. Choi, 1♂; Yeongwol-gun, Kim Satgat-myeon, Naeri, N37°6 ʹ 8 ʺ E128°41 ʹ 3 ʺ, 20.IX.2012, S.-W. Suk, H.-S. Lee, 1$; Gyeongsangnam-do: Geochang-gun, Gajo-my- eon, Mt. Ohdosan, N35°41 ʹ 23 ʺ E128°4 ʹ 31 ʺ, 23.V.2014, 1♂; Hamyang-gun, Hyucheon-myeon, Songjeon-ri, Mt. Jirisan, Munsusa Temple (400 m), N35°24.739 ʹ E127° 43.818 ʹ, 6.IX-24.X.2004, P. Tripotin, 1$; ditto, 12.IV- 5.V.2005, P. Tripotin, 1♂. RUSSIA: Sakhalin, Kor- sakov, Chapayevo-2, N46°51 ʹ 31.1 ʺ E142°52 ʹ 59.1 ʺ, 18.VII.2008, H.-Y. Han, H.-S. Lee, 1$.

Distribution. Japan, Korea, Russian Far East, China.

Biology. In Korea, the flight period of this species extends from May to October with a peak in September. Male flies have often been observed hovering over slopes near streams in mountain valleys. On the other hand, females have often been observed on the flowers of Apiaceae spp. or flying low at the slopes where males were hovering.

Remarks. Both the examined Korean specimens and one Russian specimen of E. shibakawae agree well with the syntypes in HUS. The new Korean name of this species refers to its blackish area on anterior part of frons.

Genus Fagisyrphus Dušek and Láska, 1967 ệêḏƌỵỄOiṩ (ljḑ)

Figures

Fig. 2. A-E. Epistrophe griseofasciata (Matsumura, 1918): (A, B) male body, dorsal and lateral view; (C) male head, frontal view; (D, E) female body, dorsal and lateral view. F-J. Epistrophe sasayamana (Matsumura, 1918):(F, H) male body, dorsal and lateral view; (G) male head, frontal view; (I, J) female body, dorsal and lateral view. K-O. Epistrophe shibakawae (Matsumura, 1917): (K, M) male body, dorsal and lateral view;(L) male abdomen, ventral view;(N, O) female body, dorsal and lateral view. Voucher specimen codes:A-C - EpiGri_M6; D, E - EpiGri_F2; F-H - EpiSas_M1; I, J - EpiSas_F1; K, M - EpiShi_M1; L - EpiShi_M4; N, O - EpiShi_F1.

Fig. 5. Male genitalia. A-D. Epistrophe griseofasciata (Matsumura, 1918): (A) caudal view; (B) lateral view; (C) aedeagus, lateral view; (D) basiphallic ventral processes, ventral view. E-H. Epistrophe sasayamana (Matsumura, 1918): (E) caudal view; (F) lateral view; (G) aedeagus, lateral view; (H) basiphallic ventral processes, ventral view. I-L. Epistrophe shibakawae (Matsumura, 1917): (I) caudal view; (J) lateral view;(K) aedeagus, lateral view;(L) basiphallic ventral processes, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm. Voucher specimen codes:A-D - EpiGri_M8; E-H - EpiSas_M5; I-L - EpiShi_M4.

Fig. 6. Male genitalia. A-C. Fagisyrphus cinctus (Fallén, 1817): (A) caudal view; (B) lateral view; (C) aedeagus, lateral view. D-F. Melangyna olsufjevi (Violovitsh, 1956): (D) caudal view; (E) lateral view; (F) aedeagus, lateral view. G-I. Melangyna pavlovskyi (Violovitsh, 1956):(G) caudal view; (H) lateral view; (I) aedeagus, lateral view. J-L. Paragus clausseni Mutin, 1999: (J) caudal view; (K) lateral view; (L) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm. Voucher specimen codes: A-C - FagCin_M2; D-F - MlnOls_M2; G-I - MlnPav_M1; J-L - PagCla_M2.