Centaurea amadanensis subsp. amadanensis

Negaresh, Kazem & Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza, 2018, A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae), Phytotaxa 363 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

3a. Centaurea amadanensis subsp. amadanensis ( Figs. 6–8 )

Median phyllaries with spiniform appendages, 5–20 mm long, rarely fringed in upper part, with 1–2 pairs of short fringes.

Taxonomic and distribution remarks: — Centaurea amadanensis subsp. amadanensis is more common than the other subspecies and is the only subspecies that grows outside Iran (NE Iraq, see Fig. 5 ). There is a very big population that occupies ca. 100 km 2 with approximately 10000 individuals in the eastern part of the Lurestan Province of Iran on the road Khorram Abad-Sepid Dasht. During our excursions in this area, we noted that there are individuals with fringed appendages (see Fig. 8A ). Ghahreman & Attar (2000) reported C. gigantea as a new record from this area. Regarding to the distribution of C. gigantea which is NE Iraq and SE Turkey and its 800 km distance from the Ghahreman & Attar’s new record from Khorram Abad-Sepid Dasht road in the Lurestan Province we doubted the validity of this report. Consequently, we collected again (from 2011 to 2015) the plants representing Ghahreman and Attar’s new record from the same locality as in Ghahreman & Attar (2000). Following a detailed examination of the collected materials and comparing the plants with the C. gigantea ’s diagnosis it was clear that Ghahreman & Attar’s record may be referred to C. amadanensis subsp. amadanensis . It seems that these authors misnamed individuals with fringed appendages as C. gigantea from the above locality.

Chromosome numbers: — Centaurea amadanensis subsp. amadanensis is a diploid taxon with the chromosome number of 2 n = 2 x = 18 ( Fig. 9A and Table 1). Our results agree with Garcia-Jacas et al. (1998) who reported the chromosome number 2 n = 2 x = 18 for C. amadanensis subsp. amadanensis collected from Iran, Kurdistan Province, Marivan to Chenareh. In addition, Ghaffari & Shahraki (2001) reported n = 9 as a gametophytic count for this taxon.

Selected specimens examined:— IRAN. Prov. Kermanshah: Kermanshah to Paveh, 5 km before Shahu city, 1545 m, 30 May 2012, Ranjbar & Negaresh 29934 ( BASU!) ; Ranjbar & Negaresh 29935 ( BASU!) ; Baghala Olya village , 1880 m, 19 May 2012, Ranjbar & Negaresh 29623 ( BASU!) . Prov. Kurdistan: Marivan, first road beginning Dezlei , 1295 m, 20 June 2012, Ranjbar & Negaresh 31738 ( BASU!) ; Ranjbar & Negaresh 31739 ( BASU!) ; 28 May 2014, Negaresh & Kamalnejad 127 (herb. Negaresh!); 5 km from Sarv Abad to Marivan , 1154 m, 28 May 2014, Negaresh & Kamalnejad 125 (herb. Negaresh!); Negaresh & Kamalnejad 126 (herb. Negaresh!); Negaresh & Kamalnejad 20129 ( HUI!) ; Negaresh & Kamalnejad 20130 ( HUI!) ; 5 km from Nodosheh toward Paveh , 883 m, 28 May 2014, Negaresh & Kamalnejad 129 (herb. Negaresh!) . Prov. Lurestan: Sepid Dasht toward Khorram Abad , Zangolevar village , 1818 m, 28 May 2012, Ranjbar & Negaresh 30308 ( BASU!) ; Bisheh waterfall, 50 km E Khorram Abad, 1200–1400 m, Rechinger 5680 ( W!) ; Koeie 808 ( C!) ; Koeie 809 ( C!) ; 25–51 km SE Khorram Abad toward Sepid Dasht , 1200–1900 m, Rechinger 47801 ( E!, W!); Koeie 807 ( C!) ; toward Sepid Dasht, 6 km to Zangolevar village, 1948 m, 31 May 2014, Negaresh & Asadbegy 119 (herb. Negaresh !); Negaresh & Asadbegy 120 (herb. Negaresh !); Khorram Abad toward Sepid Dasht , 40 km to Sepid Dasht , 30 km to Bisheh waterfall, 1765 m, 31 May 2014, Negaresh & Asadbegy 121 (herb. Negaresh !); 18 km to Bisheh waterfall, 1950 m, 31 May 2014, Negaresh & Asadbegy 122 (herb. Negaresh !); Negaresh & Asadbegy 123 (herb. Negaresh !); Negaresh & Asadbegy 124 (herb. Negaresh !); Khorram Abad toward Sepid Dasht , 26–28 km to Bisheh waterfall, 1 km to Chenar Gerit village , 1820–1850 m, 31 May 2014, Negaresh & Asadbegy 45548 ( FUMH!) . Prov. Markazi: Baba Khuda Abad in Rasband Mountains , Strauss s.n. ( B!) . IRAQ. Prov. Sulaymaniyah: Gali Warta , 30 km NW to N Ranya, 950 m, Rawi et al. 28857 ( K!) ; Bursorini Gorge , ca. 730 m, Emberger, Guest et al. 15485 ( K!) ; Ouraman above Darimar , 1630 m, Gillett 11844 ( K!) ; calcareous hill slope above Khormal , Hadač 5057 ( PR!) .

Figures

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Centaurea amadanensis subsp. amadanensis (circles), C. amadanensis subsp. gymnoclada (squares), and C. amadanensis subsp. ranjbarii (triangles).

FIGURE 6. Centaurea amadanensis Schultz Bipontinus subsp. amadanensis (Aucher-Eloy 3196, G).

FIGURE 7. Centaurea amadanensis Schultz Bipontinus subsp. amadanensis (Ranjbar & Negaresh 29623, BASU). A. inflorescence. B. close up of capitule. C and D. habit and habitat. Scale A = 3 cm, B = 1 cm, C and D = 6 cm.

FIGURE 8. Centaurea amadanensis Schultz Bipontinus subsp. amadanensis (Negaresh & Asadbegy 119, herb. Negaresh). A. involucre (focused on fringed appendages). B. indumentum of upper part of stem. C. indumentum of median part of stem. D. indumentum of lower part of stem. E. basal leaves. Scale A = 1 cm, E = 5 cm.

FIGURE 9. Somatic metaphases of Centaurea spp. A. Centaurea amadanensis subsp. amadanensis (2n = 18). B. C. amadanensis subsp. gymnoclada (2n = 18). C. C. nemecii (2n = 18). D. C. regia var. regia (2n = 18). E. C. regia var. purpurea. Scale A˗E = 2 μm.