Arctosa tenebrosa ( Keyserling, 1877 ) Paredes-Munguía & Brescovit & Teixeira, 2024

Paredes-Munguía, Williams, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Teixeira, Renato A., 2024, Revision of Neotropical wolf spider genus Arctosa C. L. Koch, 1847 (Araneae: Lycosidae), with description of seven new species, Zootaxa 5414 (1), pp. 1-83 : 40-44

Arctosa tenebrosa ( Keyserling, 1877) comb. nov.

Figs 1d , 34‒37 , 64

Trochosa tenebrosa Keyserling, 1877: 665 , pl. 8, fig. 41 (female holotype from St. Fé de Bogotá, Colombia, should be deposited in the BMNH, not found).

Lycosa tenebrosa : Petrunkevitch 1911: 568.

Remarks. Keyserling described T. tenebrosa from one female from Bogotá, Colombia and presented drawings containing the diagnostic pointed internal projection on epigynal plate ( Keyserling 1877: fig. 41). We examined male and female specimens collected near the type locality and the females’ epigyne matched the original illustration of the species, but also correspond to the typical trapezoidal shape seen in Arctosa , instead of the T-shaped septum seen in Trochosa ( Brady 1979; Dondale & Redner 1990). Additionally, the males collected with A. tenebrosa females does not have the curved posterior arm spur of the median apophysis, which is characteristic of Nearctic and Neotropical Trochosa C.L. Koch, 1847 .

Other material examined. COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: 7♂ 3♀, Mosquera, Laguna La Herrera , ca. 4°41'28.69"N 74°16'36.50"W, 2600 m, 9.ii.2002, J. Martinez et al. leg. (ICN-Ar 3927) ; 1♀, ditto, (ICN-Ar 1937) ; 3♂, ditto, 9.iii.2002, J. Martinez et al. leg. (ICN-Ar 6221) ; Bolívar: 2♀, Galerazamba, near El Totumo , ca. 10°44'36.64"N 75°14'29.51"W, 5 m, x.1999, E. Florez et al. leg. (ICN-Ar 1449) .

Diagnosis. Males of Arctosa tenebrosa can be recognized among all neotropical species by a lump at the base of the median apophysis ( Fig. 35d ), gutter-shaped terminal apophysis ( Fig. 35d, h ) and tip of posterior arm of the median apophysis (Pa) slightly curved apically ( Figs 34b , 35d ). Females can be recognized by the pointed internal projection of the epigynal plate ( Fig. 37b ), and the head of spermatheca rounded in dorsal view, with the stalk of spermatheca broader than in Arctosa conflicta ( Figs 36c , 37e ).

Description. Male. Holotype (ICN-Ar1378). Carapace brown with dark brown radial pattern, yellow longitudinal median band expanded in the fovea, pale submarginal bands, dorsal shield of prosoma covered with tiny black setae, four long black bristles on the clypeal condyle anterior to AER ( Fig. 37h ). Sternum sparsely covered by long brown setae. Ocular area black, covered by sparse black setae, two parallel yellow lines beside the longitudinal median band just behind the ocular area. AME slightly larger than ALE; PME separated a radius apart. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, quite equal to the length of the PME. Three promarginal and retromarginal teeth each. Brown chelicerae darker than the endites and labium. Intense yellow sternum and coxae yellow. Labium and endites are light brown. All femora with pale annuli, tibiae, metatarsus, and tarsus I-II dark brown different from the III–IV which are lighter brown ( Fig. 37g ). Sparse scopulae on legs I and II, absent in III and IV. Spinules present only on tarsi III and IV. All tarsi with trichobothria present. Opisthosoma dusky, with three paired yellow dots in the cardiac mark area ( Fig. 37a ). Four triad of parallel yellow dots in the posterior half of the dorsal area; venter yellow with brown dusky scattered spots.

Pedipalp ( Figs 34a‒c , 35 ), tibia slightly curved in dorsal view. Cymbium with two large spines in the dorsal distal area ( Fig. 34c ) and a row of seven pairs of macrosetae ( Fig. 35i ). Squared and visible subtegulum, with a broad sperm duct diagonally crossing the tegulum from base to the apex ( Fig. 35d ). Basal lamellar mound on median apophysis with an evident sclerotized prolateral arm. The basal portion of the terminal apophysis is more sclerotized than the distal and ribbed in shape with its distal part peak shaped ( Figs 35d, h ). Embolus fusiform, sclerotized and straight ( Figs 34a , 35d ).

Leg formula IV>I>II>III. Spination pattern: femur I p 0-0-1 d 1-1-1 r d1, II d 1-3-3, III d 1-3-3, IV p 1d-0 d 1-1-3; patella III p 1 r 1 d 1bas-1ap, IV p 1 r 1 d 1bas-1ap; tibia I p 1-1v r 0-1-0 v 2-2-2ap, II p 0-1-1 r 0-1-1 v 2-2-2ap III, p 1-1 d 1-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap, IV p 1-1 d 1-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap; metatarsus I p 0-1-1ap r 0-1-1ap v 2-2-1ap, II p 1-1-2ap r 1-1-2ap v 2-2-1ap, III p 1-2-2ap r 1-2-2ap v 2-0-1ap, IV p 1-1-2ap r 1-1v-1-0-0-2ap v 2-0-1ap.

Measurements: TL 6.25, CL 3.09, CW 2.38, CH 0.91, TH 0.94. Eyes: AME 0.09, ALE 0.09, PME 0.22, PLE 0.19, POQ long 0.38, POQ posterior width 0.63, POQ anterior width 0.34. Chelicerae: length 1.16. Opisthosoma: length 2.75, width 1.59. Legs: femur + patella+tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length: pedipalp 1.19 + 0.47 + - + 0.56 = 2.22, I 2.25 + 1.25 + 2.09 + 1.97+1.09 = 8.65, II 2.09 + 1.09 + 1.75 + 1.84+1.03 = 7.80, III 1. 94 + 0.97 +1.47 + 1.88+1.00 = 7.26, IV 2. 41 + 1.16 + 2. 09 + 2.72+1.28 = 9.66.

Female. Paratype (ICN-Ar 12745). General pattern as in male, except by the coloration of the opisthosoma where the pattern is fuzzy ( Figs 37c, f, i ). Anterior eye row straight, chillum divided. Dentition as in male.

Genitalia ( Fig. 36 , 37b, e ) longitudinal and transversal septum not distinguishable from each other, with plate covered by long white setae. Median septum is divided by a thin and perceptible sclerotized elevation ( Figs 36a , 37b ). Copulatory opening, narrow, tiny membranous and thinner fertilization duct than in Arctosa tenella comb. nov. ( Fig. 36d ). Head of speratheca rounded and wider than the stalk of spermatheca. Spermatheca with curved stalks outwards thicker than base of spermatheca; Vulval chamber visible in lateral view and directed ventrally ( Fig. 36b ).

Leg formula IV>I>II>III. Spination pattern: femur I p 0-0-1 d 1-1-1, II p 0-0-1 d 1 - 1-1, III p 0-1d-1d d 1-1-1 r 0-1d-1d, IV p 0-1d-1d d 1-1-1 r 0-0-1d; patella I d (1ap bristle), II d (1ap bristle), III p 1 d 1bas-1ap r 1, IV p 1 d (1 bristle)-1ap r 1; tibia I p 0-1-0 v 2-2-2ap, II p 1d-1 v 2-2-2ap, III p 1d-1 d 1-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap, IV p 1-1 d 1-0-1 r 1-1 v 2- 2-2ap; metatarsus I p v1-2-1 r 0-1-1ap v 2-0-1ap, II p 0-0-1 r 1-2-2 v 2-2-1ap, III p 1-2-2 r 1d-1v-1d-2 v 2-0-1ap, IV p 1d-1v-1d-0-2ap r 1-1-2 v 2-2-1ap.

Measurements: TL 7.33, CL 3.58, CW 2.67, CH 1.17, TH 1.08. Eyes: AME 0.12, ALE 0.12, PME 0.24, PLE 0.18, POQ long 0.34, POQ posterior width 0.64, POQ anterior width 0.40. Chelicerae: length 1.52. Opisthosoma: length 3.33, width 2.17. Legs: femur + patella+tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length: pedipalp 1.19 + 0.63 + 0.75 - + 0.69 = 3.26, I 2.44 + 1.25 + 2.00 + 1.86 + 1.13 = 8.68, II 2.22 + 1.25 + 1.81 + 1.81 + 1.03= 8.12, III 2.03 + 1.06 + 1.63 + 2.00 + 0.97 = 7.69, IV 2.91 + 1.25 + 2.41 + 3.06 + 1.28 = 10.91.

Distribution. Known only from Cundinamarca and Bolívar, Colombia ( Fig. 64 ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Arctosa spp. Female Arctosa conflicta sp. nov. a, c, e. Habitus with measurement patterns (a, lateral; c, frontal; e, dorsal). b, f. male palpus Arctosa villa sp. nov. (b, ventral; f, retrolateral). d. Male Arctosa tenebrosa comb. nov. Scale bars: a, c, e 2 mm; b, d, f, 0.25 mm. ANT anal tubercle, ALE anterior lateral eye, AME anterior median eye, C conductor, CH prosoma height, CL prosoma length, CW prosoma wide, CYM cymbium, DMA depression of MA, E embolus, LMB longitudinal median band, MA median apophysis, OA ocular area,Pa Posterior arm, Pp palea protuberance, PLE postero lateral eye, PME postero median eye, PSB pale submarginal band, Ra Retrolateral arm, SD seminal duct, SP spinnerets, T tegulum, TA Terminal Apophysis, ST subtegulum.

FIGURE 34. Arctosa tenebrosa (Keyserling, 1877) comb. nov. Male. Pedipalp (ICN-Ar 1378) a–c (a, ventral; b, retrolateral; c, anterior). Scale bars: a–c, 0.25 mm. CMS cymbium macrosetae, Pa posterior arm, Pp palea protuberance, Ra retrolateral arm, T tegulum, TA terminal apophysis.

FIGURE 35. Arctosa tenebrosa (Keyserling, 1877) comb. nov. Male. Pedipalp (ICN-Ar 1378) a–c, i (a, ventral; b, retrolateral; c, prolateral; i, dorsal setae). Palpal bulb d–h (d, ventral; e, retrolateral; f, prolateral; g, posterior; h, anterior). Scale bars: a–c, 0.2 mm, d–i, 100 µm. C Conductor, DMA depression of median apophysis, E embolus, Pa posterior arm, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, TA terminal apophysis, TK tegular keel. * basal hump on median apophysis.

FIGURE 36. Arctosa tenebrosa (Keyserling, 1877) comb. nov. Female. Epigynum (ICN-Ar 12745) a–d (a, ventral; b, lateral; c, dorsal d, anterior). Scale bars: a–d, 0.25 mm. FD fertilization duct, H hood, HS head of spermatheca, MS median septum, SS stalk of spermatheca, VC vulval chamber (* pointed lateral side of atrium).

FIGURE 37. Arctosa tenebrosa (Keyserling, 1877) comb. nov. Male, habitus (ICN-Ar 1378) a, d, g, h (a, dorsal; d, ventral; g, lateral; h, frontal). Female, epyginum b, e (b, ventral; e, dorsal) Female habitus c, f, i (c, dorsal; f, ventral; i, lateral). Scale bars: a, d, g, 1 mm, h, 500 µm, b, e, 0.1 mm, c, f, i 2 mm. SS stalk of spermatheca. (* pointed lateral side of atrium).

FIGURE 64. Geographic distribution records of Arctosa costenola sp. nov. (orange dot), Arctosa jibarosa sp. nov. (white dot), Arctosa tenebrosa comb. nov. (yellow diamond), Arctosa villa sp. nov. (blue diamond).