Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Kuntze ex Merr. (1910: 130)

Do, Truong Van & Gao, Xin-Fen, 2020, Taxonomic revision of the genus Flemingia (Leguminosae) from Indo-Chinese floristic region, Phytotaxa 429 (1), pp. 1-38 : 34-35

22. Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Kuntze ex Merr. (1910: 130) . Crotalaria macrophylla Willd. (1802: 982) . Type:— INDIA. Willdenow

13260 (Holotype, B!)

Flemingia congesta Roxb. ex W.T. Aiton (1812: 349) . Type :— INDIA. Roxburgh no. 5747A (Holotype, K-001121989!; isotype, BR).

Flemingia congesta var. viridis Prain (1897: 440) . Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Mupin, 600–1000 m, October 1908, E.H.Wilson 2932

(Holotype, A).

Flemingia yunnanensis Franch. (1888: 185) . Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, les coteaux de Siao mi Lang près de Tapintze, J.M.Delavay 3157

(Holotype, P-00709077!; isotype, KUN-097504, K!, NY!, SING!, AAU!).

Shrubs, erect, 1–4 m tall. Young branches triangular, densely adpressed silky villous, glabrescent when old. Petiole 5–9 cm long, grooved not winged; petiolules 2–5 mm long, densely hairy. Stipules lanceolate, 1.2–1.5 cm long, villous, with glandular striations, apex long acuminate, usually caducous. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate; leaflets papery to thinly papery; terminal leaflet broadly lanceolate to elliptic, 7–14 cm long, 4–6 cm wide, adaxial surface glabrous except for veins, abaxial surface pubescent with silky hairs and dark-brown sessile glands; basal veins 3, lateral 6–8 pairs; base broadly cuneate, apex acute to acuminate; lateral leaflets smaller, oblique, base rounded at one side, cuneate on other. Inflorescence racemose, axillary, solitary or branched, usually clustered, cluster of 3–5 racemes; inflorescence axis 3–7 cm long, often shorter than the petioles, with many clustered flowers; peduncle usually extremely short; bracts ovate, 2–4 mm long, membranous, silky hairy outside, caducous. Calyx tube campanulate, 3–4 mm long; lobes lanceolate-ovate, ca. 1.5 × as long as tube, lower one longest; outside densely silky. Corolla dark-purple, much longer than calyx; standard obovate, shortly clawed, auriculate; wings narrowly elliptic, slenderly clawed, one with auricle; keel oblong, long clawed, apex slightly curved. Pods elliptic, 12–14 mm long, 6–8 mm diam., sparsely gland-dotted, apex with small acute beak. Seeds 1 or 2, glossy black, orbicular.

Iconography citation: — Wei (1995: 324): plate 77, figures 8–15; Pham (1999: 969), figure 3883.

Ecology and phenology: — Flemingia macrophylla grows in margins of disturbed meadows, secondary forest, along roadside at 200–1500 m. Flowering from June to September, and fruiting from October to December.

Distribution: — Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and China.

Notes: — Sa & Gilbert (2010) synomymized F. yunnanensis Franchet (1888: 185) under F. wallichii Wight & Arnott (1834: 242) . Its flower morphology is, however, clearly different from the latter, but match very well with these of F. macrophylla , and here considered as a new synonym of F. macrophylla . F. macrophylla is most similar to F. mengpengensis by sharing a large leaf blade, an unwinged petiole, and short inflorescence axis. It is, however, different from the latter by the morphological characters of calyx lobes (as long as tube vs. much longer than tube) and corolla (much longer than calyx vs. included or slightly equal to calyx).

Representative specimens: — CAMBODIA. Kompong Speu: Phnom Changor, M.E.Poilane 14591 (P). Stung Treng: M.E.Poilane 14141 (P). LAOS. Vientiane: Si Khai-Kao Lieo, Vidal 2451 (P). Savannakhet: on way to Quang Tri, M.E.Poilane 11872 (P). Saravane: Ta Teng-Paksong, M.E.Poilane 15560 (P), M.E.Poilane 16177 (VNM, AAU). Attopeu: Harmand 1363 (P). VIETNAM. Lai Chau: Phong Tho, M.E.Poilane 25493 (P,AAU); Chien Nua, M.E.Poilane 25732 (P). Lao Cai: Bao Thang, Pho Lu, M.E.Poilane 24977 (AAU). Phu Tho: Eberhardt 4464 (P). Ha Giang: Dong Van, Pho Bang, L.S.Doan 315 (HN). Cao Bang: Thach An, N.Q.Binh et al. VN 987 (HN); Nguyen Binh, Phia Oac, M.E.Poilane 19062 (AAU). Ninh Binh: Cho Ghanh, Petelot 1103 (P); Cuc Phuong, N.D.Khoi 789 (HN). Hoa Binh: Da Bac, Ghi Ne, N.D.Khoi 75 (HN). Hai Duong: Chi Linh, Cong Hoa, N.V.Trai et al. 19 (NIMM). Ha Tinh: Cua Rao, M.E.Poilane 16764 (P). Da Nang: Clemens 3630 (P). Dac Lac: Buon Me Thuot, Schmid 767 (P). Lam Dong: Da Lat, Schmid 1356 (P). Khanh Hoa: Nha Trang, M.E.Poilane 3273 (P). Ninh Thuan: Ca Na, M.E.Poilane 9376 (P). Ho Chi Minh: Thorel 1862-66 (P). Binh Duong: Thu Dau Mot, Lefevre 194 (P). Binh Phuoc: Bu Dop, M.E.Poilane 17365 (P).

THAILAND. Chantaburi & Trat: Beusekom & Smitinand 2241 (AAU) ; Sangkhachand 55 (BKF). Phayao: Muang, Huai Kean, Saowalak SB 3 (AAU). Kanchanaburi: Sai Yok, Sangkhachand 792 (BKF). Trang: Bunnab 179 (BKF). Nakhon Si Thammarat: Suvarnakoses 277 (BKF). Narathiwat: Ta ngae, Sangkhachand 924 (BKF) . CHINA. Bijiashan: G.D.Wang et al. 6719 (SZG). Guangdong: Shenzhen Beacon Hill, S.Z.Zhang et al. 1031 (PE) ; Dianbai, Luokeng Qushui, H.G.Ye 6443 (IBSC); Q.R.Liu 979187 (BNU); Yangchun, Goosefeng, H.G.Ye et al. 5801 (IBSC); Longchuan, Lianping, B.H.Chen 1018 (IBSC); Yangchun, Guigang, Baiyong, H.G.Ye & N.Liu 313 (IBSC); Doumen, Muwan Jianfeng, Y.Z.Gao & D.Chen 867 (IBSC); Shenzhen, Wutongshan, X.W. Wang et al. 99 (IBSC); Huidong, Pingshan, B.Y.Chen & G.C.Zhang 182 (IBSC). Guangxi: Napo, Baibu, Y.F.Deng et al. 14746 (PE) ; Lily, Pingkan, Y.F.Deng et al. 15196 (PE). Yunnan: Jiahe, Mingzishan, S.Y.Chen 14430 (KUN) ; Yulun, Mengla, Y.M.Xia 293 (HITBC); Songgui, Y.H.Lee et al. 2017 (KUN); Jinxiu, Dayaoshan team 11795 (IBK); Lianghe, Sancha, G.D.Tao 12940 (IBSC). Sichuan: Dechang, Le Yue, Q.S.Zhao et al. 5128 (CDBI) ; Q.S.Zhao et al. 5976 (CDBI); Xixhang, Chuanxing, Q.S.Zhao et al. 5416 (CDBI).