Paraphlepsius

Dmitriev, Dmitry, 2009, Nymphs of some Nearctic leafhoppers (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) with description of a new tribe, ZooKeys 29 (29), pp. 13-33 : 26-31

Paraphlepsius spp. ( Fig. 3 F–I)

Description. Coloration brownish, color pattern consists of numerous dark brown specks; two longitudinal pale stripes in anterior part of body; abdomen with pale stripes near sides of tergites. Abdomen with pale longitudinally expanded setal areolae, lateral areolae with darkened margins; dark spots between median and lateral rows of setae near anterior margins of tergites. Head with two dark spots at apex. Face largely dark, with broad pale stripes along sutures. Legs with dark setal areolae.

Notes. Nymphs of 3 unidentified species from Illinois ( USA) were studied. Nymphs of P. altus (Osborn & Ball) were illustrated by Osborn and Ball (1898f), P. nebulosus (Van Duzee) by Osborn and Ball (1898f) and Osborn (1928), and P. irroratus (Say) by Osborn (1928, 1932).

The preliminary key to tribes of immature Nearctic Deltocephalinae includes both native and introduced groups. An interactive key to tribes and subfamilies of Cicadellidae is also available from the web site (see Dmitriev 2003 onward).

Preliminary key to Nearctic tribes of Deltocephalinae based on fifth instar nymphs

1. Crown-face transition carinate (Fig. 1A, F, 3A) .......................................... 2

1’. Crown-face transition rounded or secondary flattened, with traces of original carina visible dorsally at anterolateral margins of acrometope ( Fig. 2C , 4A )..... 9

2. Abdomen with longitudinal rows of macrochaetae ( Fig. 2A ) ...................... 3

2’. Abdomen without macrochaetae, or with macrochaetae on last two tergites and pygofer only ( Fig. 2B ) ......................................................................... 6

3(2). Abdomen with two lateral longitudinal rows of macrochaetae, tergites VII and VIII with additional macrochaetae in posterolateral corners. Nymphs green. (Introduced to Nearctic)................................................. Fieberiellini

3’. Abdomen with 4–6 longitudinal rows of macrochaetae throughout tergites III–VIII. (Fig. 1D, F). Nymphs of any color.............................................. 4

4(3). Pygofer only 1.5 times as long as preceding tergites ( Fig. 2B ). Face without median longitudinal carina. Crown as long as or usually longer than wide. Hind femur setal formula 2+1............................................. Stenometopiini

4’. Pygofer 2 times as long as preceding tergites or longer ( Fig. 3A ). Face usually with median longitudinal carina in upper part ( Fig. 3B, C ). Shape of crown variable. Hind femur setal formula variable................................................ 5

5(4). Abdomen with very short macrochaetae (about 1/5 as long as tergite length) ( Fig. 3A ) .......................................................................... Pendarini trib. n.

5’. Abdomen with long macrochaetae (about as long as or longer than length of tergites) ( Fig. 2A )................................................................... Scaphytopiini

6 (2). Hind tibia with platellae in distal pecten ( Fig. 4D ) .................................... 7

6’. Hind tibia only with regular macrochaetae in distal pecten ( Fig. 4E, F ) ..... 8

7(6). Anteclypeus tapering towards apex, strongly produced beyond maxillary plates ( Fig. 4B ). Forewing pads about 1.2 times as long as pterothorax medially. Hind femur setal formula 2+1. Brownish. (On Pinus )........................... .................................................................................Koebeliini: Koebeliina

7’. Anteclypeus parallel-sided or expanded towards apex, only slightly produced beyond maxillary plates ( Fig. 2C ). Forewing pads about 1.5 times as long as pterothorax medially. Hind femur setal formula 2+2+1. Yellowish, usually with two brown longitudinal stripes. (On grasses, mimic seeds)....... Cochlorhinini

8(6). Crown bend along median line. Pronotum with longitudinal carina. Abdomen without macrochaetae. Body strongly elongate.............. Dorycephalini

8’. Crown flat. Pronotum without longitudinal carina. Abdominal tergite VII with two macrochaetae at posterolateral corners and tergite VIII with 4 macrochaetae. Body not strongly elongate............................................. Hecalini

9(1). Apex of hind tibia with platellae ( Fig. 4D )........... Macrostelini : Balcluthina

9’. Apex of hind tibia with regular macrochaetae only ( Fig. 4E, F )................ 10

10(9). First hind tarsomere with platellae in ventral rows ( Fig. 4D, E ). Head usually significantly broader than pronotum........................................................ 11

10’. First hind tarsomere only with regular setae in ventral rows ( Fig. 4F ). Head usually not or only slightly broader than pronotum ................................. 12

11(10). Anteclypeus tapering towards apex, strongly produced beyond maxillary plates ( Fig. 4B ). Abdomen with macrochaetae on last tergites only. (On Pinus sylvestris , introduced to Nearctic)................................Koebeliini: Grypotina

11’. Anteclypeus parallel-sided, only slightly produced beyond maxillary plates ( Fig. 2C ). Abdomen with 4 longitudinal rows of very short macrochaetae usually placed on small tubercles. (Introduced to Nearctic)........................ ....................................................................................... Opsiini : Opsiina

12(10). Abdomen without macrochaetae, or with macrochaetae on pygofer only. Body very broad, usually only about 1.5 times as long as wide .. Penthimiini

12’. Abdomen with longitudinal rows of macrochaetae, or with macrochaetae at least on tergite VIII. Body more than 1.5 times as long as wide................ 13

13(12). Abdomen with 8 or more longitudinal rows of macrochaetae or with macrochaetae on last tergites only...................................................................... 14

13’. Abdomen with 2–6 longitudinal rows of macrochaetae............................ 19

14(13). Abdomen with macrochaetae on tergites VII, VIII and pygofer only........ 15

14’. Abdomen with numerous longitudinal rows of macrochaetae throughout tergites III–VIII and pygofer.................................................................... 18

15(14). Crown about as long as wide or longer................................ Chiasmini, part

15’. Crown distinctly wider than long............................................................. 16

16(15). Abdomen with macrochaetae on tergites VII and VIII. Forewing pads 1.5–2 times as long as pterothorax medially. Male gonapophyses significantly longer than wide ( Fig. 4G ). Epistomal suture more distinct than anterior border of acrometope ........................................................ Macrostelini : Macrostelina

16’. Abdomen usually with macrochaetae on tergite VIII only. Forewing pads 1–1.5 times as long as pterothorax medially. Male gonapophyses about as long as wide ( Fig. 4H ). Epistomal suture usually indistinct, anterior border of acrometope usually visible........................................................................ 17

17(16). AD row of hind tibia with 6–7 macrochaetae. Coloration black and shiny or brownish with large black spots at upper part of face .............. Limotettigini

17’. AD row of hind tibia with 8 macrochaetae. Coloration variable; face without large black spots at upper part of face.................................. Athysanini , part

18(14). Abdomen with macrochaetae at anterolateral corners of tergites in addition to 8 macrochaetae at hind margin. Pygofer about 2 times as long as preceding tergites. Greenish. (Fig. 1C) ..................................................... Acinopterini

18’. Abdomen without macrochaetae at anterolateral corners of tergites. Pygofer about 1.5 times as long as preceding tergites. Coloration variable................. ........................................................................................... Athysanini , part

19(13). Abdomen with 2 longitudinal rows of macrochaetae (usually with some additional macrochaetae on last segments)................................................... 20

19’. Abdomen with 4–6 longitudinal rows of macrochaetae............................ 21

20(19). Abdominal tergites V–VIII with macrochaetae at posterolateral corners. Crown wider than long, with rounded anterior margin. Face with black spots in upper part.............................................. Macrostelini : Macrostelina, part

20’. Only abdominal tergites VII–VIII with macrochaetae at posterolateral corners. Crown longer than wide, its anterior margin angulate. Face without black spots .......................................................................... Athysanini , part

21(19). Anterior seta in pecten of first hind tarsomere regular ( Fig. 4F ). Tergite VII often with 2 or 4 macrochaetae (macrochaetae of middle rows may absent) ............................................................................................ Deltocephalini

21’. Anterior seta in pecten of first hind tarsomere platella, posterior seta or rarely several setae sometimes regular ( Fig. 4D, E ). Tergite VII with 2–6 macrochaetae .......................................................................................................... 22

22(21). Abdominal tergite VII with 2–4 macrochaetae......................................... 23

22’. Abdominal tergite VII with 6 macrochaetae............................................. 24

23(22). Anteclypeus parallel sided; about 1/4 of inner margin of lorum bordered by postclypeus. Male gonapophyses about as long as wide ( Fig. 4H ). (Introduced to Nearctic) ..................................................... Opsiini : Circuliferina

23’. Anteclypeus expanded towards apex; about 2/5 of inner margin of lorum bordered by postclypeus ( Fig. 4A ). Male gonapophyses usually longer than wide ( Fig. 4G ) .................................................................... Athysanini , part

24(22). Antennae long, almost reaching apices of forewing pads or extending beyond them. Body slender or moderately slender. Anterior margin of head angulate........................................................................................................... 25

24’. Antennae shorter, not reaching apices of forewing pads. Body variable in shape. Anterior margin of head variable in shape...................................... 27

25(24). Head usually wider than pronotum. Coloration usually consists of longitudinal stripes or transverse bands, anterior margin of head often with black spots ........................................................................ Athysanini : Cicadulina

25’. Head about as wide as pronotum or pronotum wider. Coloration consists of dark and pale patches, often with black spots on thorax and/or abdomen.... 26

26(25). Macrochaetae in PD row of hind tibia usually longer than macrochaetae in AD row.......................................................... Scaphoideini , nomen nudum

26’. Macrochaetae in both dorsal rows of hind tibia of about equal length.......... ........................................................................................... Athysanini , part

27(24). Lora narrower than anteclypeus, its inner margin not or only slightly bordered by postclypeus. Posterior seta in pecten of first hind tarsomere regular ( Fig. 4E ). Anteclypeus parallel sided or often narrowing towards apex; crownface transition narrowly rounded ( Fig. 4C ). Pronotum without lateral carina. Color pattern usually consists of longitudinal stripes................. Paralimnini

27’. Lora usually as wide as anteclypeus, 1/3–2/5 of its inner margin bordered by postclypeus ( Fig. 4A ). Posterior seta in pecten of first hind tarsomere usually platella ( Fig. 4D, F ). Anteclypeus variable in shape. Pronotum with or without lateral carina. Coloration variable ...................................................... 28

28(27). Anteclypeus strongly expanded towards apex (at least 1.2 times).................. ........................................................................................... Athysanini , part

28’. Anteclypeus parallel sided, or if expanded towards apex, less than 1.1 times .... 29

29(28). Crown-face transition usually sharp; anteclypeus parallel sided; crown often with impression near rear margin of acrometope; face often flat. Forewing pads often very short (about as long as pterothorax medially). Male gonapophyses usually as long as wide, their apices broadly rounded. Abdomen often with dark setal areolae......................................................... Chiasmini, part

29’. Crown-face transition usually rounded; anteclypeus usually expanded towards apex or, if parallel sided, postclypeus prominent; crown usually without impression near rear margin of acrometope; face usually prominent. Male gonapophyses often longer than wide, with narrowly rounded apices and Sshaped lateral margin. Coloration of abdomen variable....... Athysanini , part

Figures

Figure 2. Nymphs of leafhoppers. A Scaphoideus cinerosus Osborn B Cochlorhinus pluto Uhler C same, face D Huleria quadripunctata Ball.

Figure 3. Nymphs of leafhoppers.A Dorydiella floridana Baker Bsame,face Csame, head, lateral view D Pendarus magnus (Osborn & Ball) E same, face F Paraphlepsius sp.1 G same, face H Paraphlepsius sp. 2 I same, face.

Figure 4. Characters used in the key. A general head structure (abbreviations:am acrometope el ecdysial line es epistomal suture f frons pc postclypeus ra remnants of anterior carina) B–C face B Koebelia grossa Ball C Diplocolenus abdominalis (F.) D–F apices of the hind tibiae and the first hind tarsomere D Koebelia californica Baker E Opsius pallasi Leth. F Deltocephalus pulicaris Fall. (arrow points to the anterior seta in distal pecten of hind tarsomere) G–H apex of male abdomen G Macrosteles laevis (Rib.) H Doratura stylata (Boh.).