Hyles livornica, Esper, 1780

Rafi, Muhammad Ather, Sultan, Amir, Kitching, Ian J., Pittaway, Anthony R., Markhasiov, Maxim, Khan, Muhammad Rafique & Naz, Falak, 2014, The Hawkmoth Fauna of Pakistan (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), Zootaxa 3794 (3), pp. 393-418 : 407

H. livornica (Esper, 1780)

Plate 3, Fig. 50

Material examined. PAKISTAN, [Gilgit Baltistan,] Gohar Abad, Ghizar District, collected as larva feeding on Rumex hastatus , 5. vi. 2007, Amir Sultan; [Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,] Dassu, 12. vi. 2009, Ather Rafi; [Sindh,] Umarkot, 27. iv. 2009, Asad Ali; Karachi, 2. iv. 1951, S. Khan, as previous except 27. viii. 1972, S. M. Shah; Malir Halt, Karachi, 22. vi. 1956, Razak; [Baluchistan,] Sonmiani, Lasbela, 24. vii. 1951, S. M. Din; Chaman, 31. iii. 1952, S. Rehman; Quetta, August, 1934, Nazeer.

Remarks. Hyles livornica was recorded in Pakistan from Rawalpindi and Peshawar (as Hyles lineata ) by Mohyuddin (1987), and from Sialkot and Faisalabad (as H. lineata subsp. livornica ) by Mehmood et al. (1996). It occurs as a breeding resident species in Africa (except rainforest areas) the Middle East, Central Asia, along the southern slopes of the Himalaya (at relatively low elevations) and western China, from where it regularly migrates north to Europe, Siberia and eastern China, and occasionally straying south to peninsular India, Thailand and Hainan Island, China ( Pittaway & Kitching, 2013).