Radenković, Vujić & Ståhls & Rojo & Radenković & Šimić, 2008
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00353.x |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787B2-F836-FFAE-FC36-F970FC5DFA53 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe (2021-08-31 23:49:11, last updated by Plazi 2023-11-06 13:14:36) |
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Radenković |
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JOZANUS View in CoL -GROUP
The present concept includes some species that fit neither of Stuckenberg’s species groups, as noted by Thompson & Ghorpadé (1992), Radenković et al. (1998) and Kassebeer (1999a).
KEY TO SUBGENERA OF PARAGUS, OF THE MONOGENERIC View in CoL TRIBE PARAGINI GOFFE (1952) View in CoL
1. Eyes with alternate bands of hairs reflecting light differently ( Fig. 9 View Figures 5–14 ).........................................................2
– eye uniformly pilose ( Figs 8, 10 View Figures 5–14 ) (subgenus Pandasyopthalmus View in CoL stat. rev.) .................................................... 4
2. Scutellum View in CoL with conspicuous teeth on posterior margin ( Fig. 18 View Figures 15–22 ); in dorsolateral view eyes with two dark and three more distinct, white, dorso-ventral bands of hairs.............. Serratoparagus View in CoL Vujić et Radenkovic´, subgen. nov.
– scutellum without conspicuous teeth on posterior margin ( Fig. 19 View Figures 15–22 ); in dorsolateral view eyes with two white dorso-ventral bands of hairs among dark hairs.......................................................................................3
3. Tergites 1–5 completely fused, at least laterally ( Figs 24, 30 View Figures 23–34 ). Male genitalia: postgonite curved anteriorly and posteriorly ( Figs 45 View Figures 43–48 , 108 View Figures 100–112 ); ejaculatory apodeme with three apical ridges ( Fig. 104 View Figures 100–112 ); epandrium in narrower part half the length of the cercus ( Fig. 48 View Figures 43–48 ); lateral lobe of aedeagus not fused with aedeagal apodeme ( Fig. 70 View Figures 66–71 ); aedeagal apodeme with extremely developed dorsal structure, with spines and reduced lateral arms ( Figs 70 View Figures 66–71 , 74, 75 View Figures 72–83 ); aedeagus in lateral view slightly asymmetric, ‘amphora-like’ ( Figs 88, 89 View Figures 84–99 ). Afrotropical species ......................... ...................................................................................... Afroparagus Vujić et Radenković subgen. nov.
– only tergites 1–2 completely fused ( Figs 25, 31 View Figures 23–34 ). Male genitalia: postgonite curved posteriorly ( Figs 49–52 View Figures 49–54 , 109 View Figures 100–112 ); ejaculatory apodeme with four apical ridges ( Fig. 106 View Figures 100–112 ); epandrium in narrower part twice as long as cercus ( Fig. 54 View Figures 49–54 ); lateral lobe of aedeagus fused with aedeagal apodeme ( Fig. 71 View Figures 66–71 ); aedeagus in lateral view strongly asymmetric, ‘keel-like’, with well-developed basal part ( Figs 84–87 View Figures 84–99 ). Mainly Holarctic species.......subgenus Paragus View in CoL stat. rev.
4. Face flat, with indistinct facial tubercle ( Fig. 5 View Figures 5–14 ), and with only pale and slightly developed facial stripe in both sexes ( Fig. 8 View Figures 5–14 ). Spurious vein ending before the meeting point of vein M with discal cross-vein (as in Fig. 21 View Figures 15–22 ). Male genitalia: ejaculatory apodeme small, apical part simple ( Figs 101–103 View Figures 100–112 ); lateral lobe of aedeagus protruded anteriorly as much as or more than postgonites ( Figs 55–60 View Figures 55–60 ); aedeagal apodeme without well-developed lateral arms ( Figs 79, 81 View Figures 72–83 ), but with strong beak-like dorsal prolongation ( Figs 66, 67 View Figures 66–71 , 78, 80 View Figures 72–83 ); hypandrium usually without characteristic lateral protuberances ( Figs 58–60 View Figures 55–60 ).................................................................... jozanus View in CoL group
– face with distinct facial tubercle ( Fig. 7 View Figures 5–14 ) and with dark facial stripe in females (as in Fig. 10 View Figures 5–14 ). Spurious vein extending beyond or to the meeting point of vein M with discal cross-vein ( Fig. 22 View Figures 15–22 ). Male genitalia: ejaculatory apodeme narrow and distally with large umbrella-like fringe ( Figs 61, 62 View Figures 61–65 , 100 View Figures 100–112 ); lateral lobe of aedeagus reduced ( Fig. 68 View Figures 66–71 ); postgonite much more protruded anteriorly than aedeagus ( Figs 61, 62 View Figures 61–65 ); aedeagal apodeme with welldeveloped lateral arms ( Fig. 83 View Figures 72–83 ); aedeagus with small, arm-like lateral projections ( Figs 96–99 View Figures 84–99 ); hypandrium usually with characteristic lateral protuberances ( Fig. 63 View Figures 61–65 ). ....................................................... tibialis View in CoL group
Description (in part based on Whittington, 1998): Eyes large in comparison with head size ( Fig. 5 View Figures 5–14 ) and width of face narrow in comparison with head ( Fig. 8 View Figures 5–14 ). Face of both sexes without distinct black median stripe. Puncturation of scutum and tergites coarse. Scutellum entirely black. Abdomen narrow. Tergites 3–5 usually not fused, except in Afrotropical representatives ( P. apicalis , P. manensis , P. tonkouiensis ), which show slight fusion at the extreme lateral margins. Male genitalia ( Figs 37–42 View Figures 35–42 , 55–60 View Figures 55–60 , 66, 67 View Figures 66–71 , 78–81 View Figures 72–83 , 92–95 View Figures 84–99 , 101–103, 110, 111 View Figures 100–112 ): shape of surstylus, hypandrium, lingula, lateral lobe of aedeagus and aedeagus variable; aedeagal apodeme of rather uniform shape, narrow, long, in lateral view L-like, in dorsal view T-like; ejaculatory apodeme small.
Diagnostic features: Face flat, with indistinct facial tubercle ( Fig. 5 View Figures 5–14 ), and with pale and slightly developed facial stripe ( Fig. 8 View Figures 5–14 ). Flagellomere short, less than three times as long as pedicel ( Fig. 13 View Figures 5–14 ). Spurious vein ending before meeting point of vein M with discal cross-vein (as in Fig. 21 View Figures 15–22 ). Male genitalia: epandrium in narrower part less than half the length of the cercus ( Figs 40, 42 View Figures 35–42 ) or as long as cercus ( Fig. 38 View Figures 35–42 ); ejaculatory apodema small, apical part simple, two- dimensional ( Figs 101–103 View Figures 100–112 ); lateral lobe of aedeagus anteriorly protruded as much as or more than postgonites ( Figs 55–57 View Figures 55–60 ); aedeagal apodeme without welldeveloped lateral arms ( Figs 79, 81 View Figures 72–83 ), but with strong beak-like dorsal prolongation ( Figs 66, 67 View Figures 66–71 , 78, 80 View Figures 72–83 ).
Distribution: main distribution in Afrotropical and Oriental regions but present also in the Palaearctic ( Japan).
Goffe ER. 1952. An outline of a revised classificaton of the Syrphidae (Diptera) on phylogenetic lines. Transactions of the Society of British Entomology 11: 97 - 124.
Kassebeer CF. 1999 a. Die Gattung Paragus Latreille, 1804 (Diptera, Syrphidae) in der Elfenbeinkuste. Dipteron 2: 31 - 44.
Radenkovic S, Vujic A, Simic S, Radisic P. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Paragini (Syrphidae, Syrphinae). In: Ismay JW, ed. Fourth International Congress of Dipterology. Held on 6 - 13 September in Oxford, UK. Abstracts volume, 177 - 178.
Thompson FC, Ghorpade K. 1992. A new coffe aphid predator, with notes on other Oriental species of Paragus (Diptera: Syrphidae). Colemania 5: 1 - 24.
Whittington AE. 1998. Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Vumba, Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe, with the description of a new species of Paragus. Annals of the Natal Museum 39: 185 - 198.
Figures 5–14. Head, lateral view (Figs 5–7); head, anterior view (Figs 8–10); antenna (Figs 10–14). Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 5, 8); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Fig. 13); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) atratus (Fig. 14); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) haemorrhous (Figs 7, 10); Paragus (Paragus) quadrifasciatus (Fig. 9); Paragus (Paragus) strigatus (Fig. 12); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Fig. 11); Paragus (Serratoparagus) capricorni (Fig. 6). Names of subgenera according classification proposed in this paper.
Figures 15–22. Scutum, dorsal view (Figs 15–17); scutellum, dorsal view (Figs 18–20); wing (Figs 21,22). Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Fig. 20); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) haemorrhous (Figs 17, 22); Paragus (Paragus) pecchiolii (Figs 16, 21); Paragus (Paragus) strigatus (Fig. 19); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Fig. 15); Paragus (Serratoparagus) capricorni (Fig. 18).
Figures 23–34. Abdomen, male (Figs 23–28,34); abdomen, female (Figs 29–33). Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus (Figs 24, 30); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Fig. 27); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 26, 32); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) atratus (Fig. 28); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) haemorrhous (Fig. 33); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) longiventris (Fig. 34); Paragus (Paragus) strigatus (Figs 25, 31); Paragus (Serratoparagus) azureus (Fig. 29); Paragus (Serratoparagus) capricorni (Fig. 23).
Figures 43–48. Hypandrium, lateral view (Figs 43–45); hypandrium, ventral view (Fig. 39); epandrium, ventral view (Fig. 47); epandrium, dorsal view (Fig. 48). Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus (Figs 45–4748); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Fig. 44); Paragus (Serratoparagus) capricorni (Fig. 43). Names of genera and subgenera applied according to the classification proposed in this paper.
Figures 100–112. Ejaculatory apodeme and spermal sac (Figs 100–106); postgonites (Figs 107–112). Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus (Figs 104, 108); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Figs 102, 110); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 103, 111); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) manensis (Fig. 101); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) haemorrhous (Fig. 112); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) longiventris (Fig. 100); Paragus (Paragus) quadrifasciatus (Fig. 106); Paragus (Paragus) variabilis (Fig. 109); Paragus (Serratoparagus) capricorni (Fig. 105); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Fig. 107).
Figures 66–71. Aedeagus complex, lateral view. Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus (Fig. 70); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Fig. 67); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Fig. 66); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) tibialis (Fig. 68); Paragus (Paragus) pecchiollii (Fig. 71); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Fig. 69).
Figures 72–83. Aedeagal apodeme, lateral view (Figs 72,74,76,78,80,82); aedeagal apodeme, dorsal view (Figs 73,75,77,79,81,83). Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus (Figs 74, 75); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Figs 78, 79); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 80, 81); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) haemorrhous (Figs 82, 83); Paragus (Paragus) variabilis (Figs 76, 77); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Figs 72, 73).
Figures 84–99. Aedeagus, ventral view (Figs 84,86,88,90,92,94,96,98); aedeagus, lateral view (Figs 85,87,89,91, 93,95,97,99). Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus (Figs 88, 89); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Figs 94, 95); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 92, 93); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) haemorrhous (Figs 96, 97); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) longiventris (Figs 98, 99); Paragus (Paragus) pecchiollii (Figs 87, 96); Paragus (Paragus) quadrifasciatus (Figs 84, 85); Paragus (Serratoparagus) crenulatus (Figs 90, 91).
Figures 49–54. Hypandrium, lateral view (Figs 49–52); epandrium, ventral view (Fig. 43); epandrium, dorsal view (Fig. 54). Paragus (Paragus) absidatus (Figs 53, 54); Paragus (Paragus) pecchiolli (Fig. 51); Paragus (Paragus) punctulatus (Fig. 49); Paragus (Paragus) quadrifasciatus (Fig. 50); Paragus (Paragus) strigatus (Fig. 52).
Figures 55–60. Hypandrium, lateral view (Figs 55–57); hypandrium, ventral view (Figs 58–60). Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 57, 60); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Figs 55, 58); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) manensis (Figs 56, 59).
Figures 61–65. Hypandrium, lateral view (Figs 61,62); hypandrium, ventral view (Fig. 63); epandrium, ventral view (Fig. 64); epandrium, ventral view (Fig. 65). Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) tibialis (Figs 62, 63, 65); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) longiventris (Figs 61, 64).
Figures 35–42. Epandrium, ventral view (Figs 35,37,39,41); epandrium, ventral view (Figs 36,38,40,42). Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Figs 41, 42); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 37, 38); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) manensis (Figs 39, 40); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Figs 35, 36).
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