Schultesia pachyphylla Grisebach (1845: 67)

Tanajura, Jéssica Leão Barbosa, Pinho, Carolina Santos, Silva, Rilquer Mascarenhas Da & Carvalho, Maria Luiza Silveira De, 2021, Integrative assessment of the floristic diversity of Gentianaceae in an area of campo rupestre of the Espinhaço Range in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, Phytotaxa 500 (2), pp. 61-94 : 75

Schultesia pachyphylla Grisebach (1845: 67) Fig. 3H .

Herbs, 20–60 cm alt. Branches vinaceous, cylindrical, costate. Leaves opposite, sessile, concolorous and vinaceous, blades 0.3–3 × 0.3–0.6 cm, lanceolate, coriaceous, pubescent, attenuate at base, acute at apex, entire at margin. Inflorescence in terminal cymes, 11–30-flowered, peduncle 3–9.2 cm. Flowers homostylous, 4-merous, pedicel 0.7–7 cm; calyx 1.1–1.7 × 0.1–1.3 cm, vinaceous, winged, keeled, campanulate, pubescent; corolla purplish, campanulate, tube 1.1–1.5 × 0.6–0.9 cm; lobes 0.4–0.8 cm, at base elliptical to ovate, at apex rounded; stamens 0.1–0.6 cm, heterodynamous, adnate, conation 3 mm, anthers dorsifixed; ovary 5 × 1 mm, style ca. 7 mm, stigma bilobed. Fruit septifragal capsule.

Habitat and distribution:— Shulthesia pachyphylla is endemic to Chapada Diamantina ( Guimarães 2002, Siqueira et al. 2014), considered rare ( Calió & Guimarães 2009), occurring in the cities of Abaíra, Andaraí, Barra da Estiva, Cascavel, Ibicoara, Itaeté, Jacobina, Lençóis, Miguel Calmon, Morro do Chapéu, Mucugê, Palmeiras, Piatã and Pindobaçu in areas of “campo rupestre” with altitudes above 700 m ( Siqueira et al. 2014). In the present study, the distribution modeling analysis revealed high suitability for the occurrence in the Chapada Diamantina and surroundings. Furthermore, a moderate for high suitability was also recovered in the border area between the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais, what allows extrapolations of possible occurrence of the species also in the Serra Geral de Licínio de Almeida, locality compared in this study ( Fig. 1 , Fig. 2G , Fig. 4G , Appendix 1).

Comments:—It presents trichomes on the leaves and the calyx, unlike Calolisianthus pedunculatus , Chelonanthus purpuracens , Curtia tenuifolia , Curtia verticillaris , Schultesia bahiensis and S. crenuliflora ( Siqueira et al. 2014) . This species can also be identified by the vinaceous calyx and hypocrateriform corolla, white internally and lilac at the apex of the lobes ( Siqueira et al. 2014).

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Mucugê, Trilha para o Rio Piabinha , 10 February 2017, fl., M . L .S. Carvalho et al. 434 ( ALCB!). Trilha do Tiburtino , 18 June 2018, fl., M . L .S. Carvalho et al. 598 ( ALCB!); 19 May 2004, fl. & fr., J . Costa 695 ( HUEFS!); Trilha para o Tiburtino, próximo aos Rios Piabinha e Cumbuca , 25 March 2000, fl. & fr., A . M . Giulietti 1924 ( HUEFS!); 24 April 2004, fl., A . C . Pereira 95 ( HUEFS!); 10 March 2008, fl., L . P . de Queiroz 13599 ( HUEFS!) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Parque Municipal de Mucugê—Projeto Sempre Viva (PMM), Bahia, Brazil. Map of the study area, evidencing the location of PMM and other areas of the Espinhaço Range (ER) used for comparison in this study (A), “campo rupestre” phytophysiognomy (B). Photo B by Ariane Leite. Legend: (Lilac area) ER above 1000 m a.s.l.

FIGURE 2. Maps of occurrence with localities used for the species distribution modeling, showing the study area location within South America. Curtia diffusa (A), Macrocarpaea illecebrosa (B), Prepusa montana (C), Schultesia bahiensis (D), Schultesia crenuliflora (E), Schultesia minensis (F), Schultesia pachyphylla (G).

FIGURE 3. Species of Gentianaceae from the Parque Municipal de Mucugê - Projeto Sempre Viva (PMM), Bahia, Brazil: Calolisianthus pedunculatus (A), Chelonanthus purpurascens (B), Curtia verticillaris (C), Curtia tenuifolia (D), Prepusa montana (E), Schultesia bahiensis (F), Schultesia crenuliflora (G), Schultesia pachyphylla (H). Scale bars:A: 2 cm; B: 1 cm; C: 0,5 cm; D: 0,5 cm; E: 2 cm; F–H: 1 cm. Photo A, B, E, F, G and H by Maria Luiza Silveira de Carvalho; C and D by Vinicius Dittrich and Gustavo Shimizu, respectively.

FIGURE 4. Maps of environmental suitability of native/endemic species of Gentianaceae in the Espinhaço Range (ER): Curtia diffusa (A), Macrocarpaea illecebrosa (B), Prepusa montana (C), Schultesia bahiensis (D), Schultesia crenuliflora (E), Schultesia minensis (F), Schultesia pachyphylla (G).