Lunaceps schismatus, Gustafsson & Olsson, 2012

Gustafsson, Daniel R. & Olsson, Urban, 2012, 3377, Zootaxa 3377, pp. 1-85 : 68-71

Lunaceps schismatus sp. nov.

( Fig. 28a–d; Table 1)

Nirmus actophilus Kellogg and Chapman, 1899: 78 (partim)

Degeeriella actophila (Kellogg and Chapman) ; Peters, 1933: 71 (partim)

Lunaceps actophilus (Kellogg and Chapman) ; Timmermann, 1954a: 628 (partim)

Degeeriella holophaea (Nitzsch) ; Blagoveshtchensky, 1958: 376

Lunaceps sp. Keirans, 1967: 116

Lunaceps sp. I Fedorenko, 1968: 73

Lunaceps holophaeus actophilus (Kellogg and Chapman) ; Emerson, 1972: 93 (partim)

Lunaceps sp. “ab Calidris a. alpina ” Eichler and Hackman, 1973: 92

Lunaceps actophilus (Kellogg and Chapman) ; Cabot, 1975: 146 (partim)

Lunaceps sp. [1] ex Charadrius hiaticula Cabot, 1975: 146 (uncertain)

Lunaceps sp. [2] ex Calidris alpina Cabot, 1975: 146 (uncertain)

Lunaceps sp. Haarløv, 1977: 38

Lunaceps sp. Rékási and Kiss, 1977: 105

Lunaceps nereis Timmermann ; Forrester et al., 1995: 28 (partim)

Lunaceps actophilus (Kellogg and Chapman) ; Price et al., 2003: 196 (partim)

Lunaceps actophilus (Kellogg and Chapman) ; Palma and Jensen, 2005: 56 (partim)

Lunaceps actophilus (Kellogg and Chapman) ; Rékási, 2006:183 (partim)

Lunaceps actophilus (Kellogg and Chapman) ; Dik et al., 2010: 869 (partim)

Lunaceps actophilus (Kellogg and Chapman) ; Inci et al., 2010: 215 (partim)

Lunaceps actophilus (Kellogg and Chapman) (“Clade 8”); Gustafsson and Olsson, 2012: 94 ( Figs. 1, 2)

Type host: Calidris alpina alpina ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Other hosts: Calidris alpina schinzii (C. L. Brehm and Schilling, 1822), Calidris alpina sakhalina ( Vieillot, 1816) .

Diagnosis: Marginal carina continuous and broad along anterior margin of head ( Fig. 28a). Dorsal preantennal suture not continuous across head, but interrupted medially by a bridge. Ventral anterior plate quite large and roughly quadratic, with rather straight anterior margin. Dark preantennal band narrow. AVS3, AVS2 and ADS more or less aligned.

Abdominal tergites II–III, sometimes also IV, in males and II–V, sometimes also VI, in females with wedgeshaped median indentation of the anterior margin, reaching more than a third of the tergite width. Paratergal plates broad ( Fig. 28b). Broad tergal bars lead to narrow, blunt tergal heads, which may be re-entrant in segment III of males. Ventral median setae of segment II positioned on anterior margin of segment.

Female genital lobes with 5 posterior marginal setae, 3 sub-marginal setae, and 6 median marginal setae ( Fig. 28c). Parameres gently curved ( Fig. 28d). Lower endomere semicircular. Mesomere slender, with straight sides, very narrowed distally. Apodemal bridge diffuse anteriorly.

Discussion: Similar to L. actophilus , with which it was previously considered conspecific, following Timmermann (1954a). However, the colouration of the abdomen is different, and there are slight differences in the genitalia of both sexes, as well as in the partial divisions of the tergites. Lunaceps actophilus and Lunaceps schismatus are well separated genetically ( Gustafsson and Olsson, 2012).

The shape of the male genitalia is similar to that of L. drosti or L. nereis , although the mesomere is not as stout in L. schismatus as in those species. The anterior margin of the tergites are partially divided in more segments in females of L. schismatus than in other species, but some females of L. nereis have the same pattern. The shape of the head is different from L. nereis but virtually identical to that of L. drosti or L. actophilus .

No differences have been found among specimens from the three studied host subspecies, which is concordant with the recent diversification of these subspecies ( Wenink et al, 1996).

Etymology: From schism = a split or division. Refers both to the partial division of the tergites and to the interruption of the dorsal preantennal suture.

Material examined:

Ex Calidris alpina (synonym: Erolia alpina )

Holotype: ♂ 1, Mauritania: Banc d’Arguin : Iwik, 1 December 2002 ( MONZ).

Paratypes: ♀ 8, ♂ 6, Mauritania: Banc d’Arguin : Iwik, 1 December 2002 ( MONZ) .

Non-types: ♀ 1, ♂ 1, Canada: British Columbia: Vancouver Area: Lulu Island , 18 November 1953, BM 1956- 302 ( NHML) . ♀ 1, Ireland: Tipperary: Banaghen , 19 December 1946 ( NHML) . ♀ 2, ♂ 2, Ireland: County Dublin: Rogerstown , 6 January 1940, Hopkins Collection ( NHML) . ♀ 1, ♂ 3, United Kingdom: England: Kent: Stoke , 31 July 1965, BM 1966-165 ( NHML) . ♀ 2, ♂ 2, United Kingdom: Shetlands: Fair Isle , 13 August 1955, BM 1955-795 ( NHML) . ♀ 2, ♂ 1, United Kingdom: England: Lines: Gibraltar Port , 13 September 1950, BM 1980-40 ( NHML) . ♀ 1, ♂ 1, Denmark: Faroes Islands: Sumla , 1 April 1998 ( MONZ) . ♀ 4, ♂ 2, Germany, K.C. Emerson Collection ( OSU) . ♀ 1, ♂ 1, United States: Alaska: Anchorage , 22 May 1962, K.C. Emerson Collection ( OSU) . ♀ 1, ♂ 1, India: Rajasthan: Bharatpur , 1 January 1970, K.C. Emerson Collection ( OSU) . ♀ 1, India: Tamil Nadu: Tanjavur : Point Calimere, K.C. Emerson Collection ( OSU) . ♀ 23, ♂ 11, United Kingdom: England: Lines , December 1936, Meinertzhagen Collection 8132-8141 ( NHML) . ♀ 1, ♂ 3, Estonia, August 1934, Meinertzhagen Collection 1496, 1562 ( NHML) . ♀ 1, ♂ 2, United Kingdom: Scotland: Dornoch Firth , December 1934, Meinertzhagen Collection 2348 ( NHML) . ♀ 3, ♂ 2, United Kingdom: England: Kent, April 1934, Meinertzhagen Collection 686, 690, 692 ( NHML) . ♀ 9, ♂ 13, Morocco, October 1938, Meinertzhagen Collection 11964-66 ( NHML) . ♂ 1, [ Collection data not given on slide], 20067b ( MFN) . ♀ 5, ♂ 1, [ Collection data not given on slide], 139d, e, i, p, s, y ( MFN) . ♀ 1, [ Collection data not given on slide], 438 ( MFN) . ♀ 1, Sweden: Öland: Ottenby Bird Observatory , 10 May 2007, ID: 10a-1, Band number: 3531149, D. Gustafsson ( SMNH) . ♂ 1, Sweden: Öland: Ottenby Bird Observatory , 10 May 2007, ID: 10a-s, Band number: 3531149, D. Gustafsson ( GNM) . ♀ 1, Sweden: Öland: Ottenby Bird Observatory , 25 May 2007, ID: 104-1, Band number: 3531458, D. Gustafsson ( SMNH) .). ♀ 1, Sweden: Öland: Ottenby Bird Observatory , 25 May 2007, ID: 104-2, Band number: 3531458, D. Gustafsson ( GNM) . ♀ 1, Sweden: Öland: Ottenby Bird Observatory , 11 May 2007, ID: 22-1, Band number: 3531151, YIO-P-01162, D. Gustafsson ( YIO) . ♂ 1, Sweden: Öland: Ottenby Bird Observatory , 11 May 2007, ID: 22-2, Band number: 3531151, D. Gustafsson ( GNM) .

Ex Calidris alpina schinzii

♀ 8, ♂ 16, United Kingdom: Scotland: Hebrides: North Uist , September 1941, Meinertzhagen Collection 14622-25 ( NHML) . ♀ 2, Ireland: County Sligo, 22 September 1939, 279 ( NHML) . ♂ 1, United Kingdom: Wales: Bardsey Island , 13 May 1953, BM 1980-40 ( NHML) . ♀ 3, ♂ 2, Ireland: County Sligo: Lislary, 22 September , 1938, BM 1980-40 ( NHML) . ♀ 1, ♂ 1, United Kingdom: Wales: Glamorganshire: Aberthaur , 25 August 1935, BM 1980- 40 ( NHML) . ♂ 1, United Kingdom: England: Monmothshire: Peterstone Wentlooge , 2 May 1935, BM 1980-40 ( NHML) . ♀ 2, ♂ 4, Morocco, October 1938, Meinertzhagen Collection 11945 ( NHML) . ♀ 1, ♂ 4, United Kingdom: England: Norfolk, February 1934, Meinertzhagen Collection 284 ( NHML) . ♀ 2, ♂ 2, United Kingdom: England: Sussex , December 1934, Meinertzhagen Collection 2264 ( NHML) . ♀ 1, Sweden: Öland: Ottenby Bird Observatory , 22 May 2007, ID: 84-1, Band number: 3531402, D. Gustafsson ( SMNH) . ♂ 1, Sweden: Öland: Ottenby Bird Observatory , 22 May 2007, ID: 84-2, Band number: 3531402, D. Gustafsson ( GNM) . ♂ 1, Finland: Oulu: Lumijoki, ID: 1640-1, Band number: KT3150, V.- M. Pakanen ( SMNH) . ♀ 1, Finland: Oulu: Lumijoki, ID: 1640-2, Band number: KT3150, V.- M. Pakanen ( GNM) .

Ex Calidris alpina sakhalina

♀ 13, ♂ 20, United States: California, March 1939, Meinertzhagen Collection 1290 ( NHML) . ♂ 1, Japan: Miyagi Prefecture: Sendai: Watari: Tori-no-Umi , 25 October 2008, ID: 774, Band number: 3 E21763 , YIO-P- 01163, D. Gustafsson ( YIO) . ♀ 1, Japan: Miyagi Prefecture: Sendai: Watari: Tori-no-Umi , 26 October 2008, ID: 782, Band number: 3E21769, YIO-P-01164, D. Gustafsson ( YIO) . ♀ 1, Japan: Miyagi Prefecture: Sendai: Watari: Tori-no-Umi , 30 October 2008, ID: 800, Band number: 3E21781, YIO-P-01165, D. Gustafsson ( YIO) .

Ex Vanellus vanellus (possibly straggler): ♂ 1, [No collection data given on slide], 333b ( MFN).

Ex Limicola falcinellus (possibly straggler): ♀ 1, Poland: Piaseczno : [Konstancin-] Jeziorna, 27 August 1954, Jurnyk, 42/ac/2-1 ( MFN) .

Ex Calidris minuta (possibly straggler): ♀ 1, [Collection data not given in slide], 7832i ( MFN).

Ex Stercorarius parasiticus (possibly stragglers): ♀ 10, ♂ 7, [Collection data not given on slide], 20074a–q ( MFN).

Material of uncertain status doe to poor condition:

Ex Calidris alpina

♂ 1, United Kingdom: England: Yorkshire : Spurn Bird Observatory, 20 September 1952, BM 1980-40 ( NHML) . ♀ 2, [collection data not given on slide], 3003k, s ( MFN) .

Ex Arenaria interpres (possible stragglers) ♀ 1, ♂ 1, [Collection data not given on slide], 7555b, d ( MFN).