Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) torridum (Smith, 1879)

Pauly, Alain & Eardley, Connal, 2013, A Revision of Afrotropical Thrinchostoma de Saussure, 1890 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae), Belgian Journal of Entomology 12, pp. 1-76 : 19-26

Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) torridum (Smith, 1879)

( Figs 22 , 23 , 24 , 25b )

Halictus torridus Smith, 1879: 32 , ♀. Female holotype: South Africa (BMNH). Friese, 1911: 651; Blüthgen, 1928: 164.

Thrinchostoma torridum (Smith) : Cockerell, 1916: 205–206; Cockerell, 1920: 304–305, syn. nomiaeformis ; Cockerell, 1933: 23–24; Cockerell, 1936: 9; Cockerell, 1937a: 11; Cockerell, 1937b: 96; Cockerell, 1941: 510; Michener, 1969: 490; Pesenko, 1997: 479; Danforth et al., 2008: 95.

Thrincostoma [!] torri dum (Smith): Blüthgen, 1930: 496–497, 499–500, 516, 519–520, 531– 532, 537–538, 542.

Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) torridum (Smith) : Michener, 1978: 523; Medler, 1980: 481; Pauly, 1999: 155–156, 177.

Nomia producta Smith, 1875: 66 , 70–71, ♂ [not Nomia producta Smith, 1953 ]. Male holotype: South Africa, Zeerust (BMNH). Cockerell , 1908b: 145; Friese, 1909a: 153, 160, 161; Blüthgen, 1928: 164; Blüthgen, 1930: 496.

Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) producta (Smith) : Blüthgen, 1930: 537, syn.; Michener, 1978: 521–522, 524; Pauly, 1999: 156, 175, syn.

Nomia (Thrinchostoma) producta Smith : Friese, 1941: 99.

Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) productum (Smith) : Michener, 1978: 524 [incorrectly placed].

Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) productum (Strand) : Michener, 2000: 370.

Thrinchostoma producta (Strand) : Roubik, 1989: 414.

Thrinchostoma nomiaeformis Cockerell, 1908b: 145 [unnecessary replacement name for Nomia producta Smith, 1875 ]; Cockerell, 1920: 304–305; Blüthgen, 1930: 537, syn.; Pesenko, 1997: 479, 502.

Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) nomiaeformis Cockerell : Pauly, 1999: 156, 175.

Thrinchostoma wellmanni Cockerell, 1908a: 84–85 , ♀. Female holotype: Angola, Benguella (BMNH); Cockerell, 1908c: 343; Cockerell, 1937a: 10. Syn. nov.

Halictus (Thrinchostoma) wellmanni (Cockerell) : Friese, 1909a: 128, 152.

Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) wellmanni (Cockerell) : Cockerell, 1933: 23; Michener, 1978: 523; Pauly, 1999: 155, 177.

Thrincostoma [!] (Eothrincostoma) wellmanni (Cockerell) : Blüthgen, 1930: 496, 499, 541.

Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) manyemae Cockerell, 1933: 23 , ♂. Male holotype: D.R. Congo, Manyema, leg. Mayné (RMCA). Michener, 1978: 523; Pauly, 1999: 156, 174, syn.

Thrinchostoma malelanum Cockerell, 1937a: 10–11 , ♀. Female holotype: D.R. Congo, Pangula near Malela, Chief Kasende, 5°40’S 23°45’E, leg. J. Bequaert (AMNH). Syn. nov.

Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) malelanum Cockerell : Michener, 1978: 523; Pauly, 1999: 155, 174.

REMARK. Halictus patricius Strand, 1911: 141 , ♀. Holotype ♀: without locality (MNHUB). The female holotype is actually a Zonalictus ! This species is therefore excluded from the genus Thrinchostoma where it was placed by Blüthgen (1930: 519, 520, 531, 538), on basis of it being the male « allo-holotype » (= T. torridum ), and from the synonymy of T. torridum in Pauly, 1999.

DIAGNOSIS. T. torridum is a relatively large species (11-14 mm). The male can be distinguished from all other Thrinchostoma , except. T. silvaticum , by the absence of a spot of setae on forewing. From T. silvaticum it differs in the number of notches on the antennal segments (fig. 4b). The female differs from all other Thrinchostoma , except T. silvaticum , by the sculpture of the calcaria ( fig. 2c ). From T. silvaticum , it also differs in the number of notches on the antennal segments (fig. 4a).

VARIATIONS. Some females from the Congo, Cameroon and Gabon have a black metasoma with black setae in the middle of the last terga. They may represent a variety or perhaps a distinct subspecies. The type of T. malelanum has the malar area and the clypeus a little longer than the other specimens of this species. It could be a distinct species, one that Blüthgen had wrongly identified as T. patricium .

MATERIAL.

LIBERIA. Brakatown , X.1926, 1♀, leg. Dr. Bequaert ( RMCA) .

GABON. WOLEU-NTEM: Médouneu , 22.XII.1985, 1♂ ( FSAG) (Pauly 1998, dt sp.3) (black var.) .

CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE. Kouilou, Kakamoeka, 4°07’S 12°04’E, IX.2007, 1♀, Darwin Project ( RU) .

D.R. CONGO. Walikale , 7.I.1915, 1♂, leg. Dr. Bequaert ( RMCA) (dt T. patricium allotype by Blüthgen). – Maniema, Kindu , 1917 , 1♀, leg. L. Burgeon ( MNHNP). – Kibombo , 1.II.1910, 1♀, leg. Dr. Bequaert ( RMCA). – Manyema , 1♀, leg. R. Mayné ( RMCA). – Kapanga , XI.1932, 1♀, leg. G.F. Overlaet ( RMCA). – Bambesa , 15.IX.1933, 1♀, leg. H.J. Brédo ( RMCA). – Jadotville , 1951 , 1♀, leg. Rév. Mère Sabine ( RMCA). – Libengé , 9.XII.1931, 1♀, leg. H.J. Brédo ( RMCA). – Bomboma , 21.VII.1935, 2♀, leg. A. Bal ( RMCA). – Eala , XI.1931, 1♂, leg. H.J. Brédo, VI.1932, 1♀, VI.1935, 2♂, leg. J. Ghesquière, leg. A. Corbisier, VII.1935, 1♀, leg. J. Ghesquière ( RMCA). – Stanleyville , 10-13.IX.1928, 2♀, leg. A. Collart ( RMCA). – Rutshuru , IX-X.1936 , 1♀, leg. Dr. Delville ( RMCA). – Bomboma , 21.VII.1935, 6♂ ( RMCA). – Lubumbashi , 21.VIII.1951, 1♂, leg. Ch. Seydel ( RMCA). – Elisabethville , 2.V.1933, 1♂, 28.V.1933, 2♂, leg. Dr. M. Bequaert ( RMCA). – P.N.G. (=

Parc National de la Garamba), Inimvua , n°3488, 20.V.1952, 1♂, leg. H. De Saeger ( RMCA) . – P.N. U. (= Parc National de l’Upemba ), Mbuye Bala, 1750m, 25-31.III.1948, 1♂, leg. G.F. de Witte n°1456a ( RMCA) . – P.N.U., Gorges de la Pelenge , 1150m, 10-14.VI.1947, 1♂, leg. G.F. de Witte n°471a ( RMCA) . – P.N.U., Ganza , près rivière Kamandula, affluent droit Lukoka, 860m, 27.VI-6.VII.1949, 1♂, leg. G.F. de Witte ( RMCA) . – Rutshuru , XII.1937, 1♂, leg. J. Ghesquière ( RMCA) . – P.N. A. (= Parc National des Virungas ), Escarpement de Kabasha, 1500m, 12.XII.1934, 1♂, leg. G.F. de Witte n°901 ( RMCA) . – “ Buvumo ” VI.1929, leg. G.D.H. Carpenter ( BMNH) ( Cockerell 1941: 510; non examiné) . – Kasaji 12 mi N, 31.I.1958, 1♀, leg. E.S. Ross & R.E. Leach ( CAS) .

ETHIOPIA. OROMIA. W. Haraghe, Mechara, 8°36’N 40°19’E, 30.X-13. XI.2010, Justicia ladanoides , 3♂, 5-19. XII.2010, Trichodesma zeylanicum , 2♂, 16. I.2011, Trichodesma zeylanicum , 1♂, leg. Degefa Weyessa, GTI Project ( RBINS). – Abijata Shala National Park , 7°31’N 38°39’E, 1630m, 15. IX.2012, 1♀, leg . A. Pauly ( RBINS) . SOUTHERN. W. Konso , 5°24’N 37°11’E, 1387m, 22. IX.2012, Lamiaceae , 3♂, leg . A. Pauly ( RBINS). – Arba-Minch, Lake Chamo , 5°55’N 37°32’E, 1138m, 19. IX.2012, 2♀, leg . A. Pauly ( RBINS). – Road to Tebela , 6°38’N 37°49’E, 1386m, 18. IX.2012, Plectranthus sp. , 1♂, leg . A. Pauly ( RBINS). – Near Mago National Park , 5°45’N 36°22’E, 491m, 23. IX.2012, 3♀, leg . J.- L. Boevé et A. Pauly ( RBINS) .

BURUNDI. Réserve Naturelle de Rumonge , 04.59552°S 029.28214°E, 14.IV.2011, piège savon dans Persea americana , 1♀, leg. Ndayikeza L. ( INECN) .

KENYA. « Blue Pot Hot », Chema Riv., 4000ft, 1♂, leg. F.X. Williams ( MCZ) . – Kakamega District Kalunya Glade, Isecheno Nature Reserve , 0.24°N 34.87°E, 1800m, 6.V.2001, 2♀, leg. R.R. Snelling ( LACM) .

– Kakamega District, Kalunya Glade , Kakamega Forest , 0.25°N 34.86°E, 1550m, 20.IV.2003, Justicia sp. , 1♀ , 20.IV.2003, Asystasia gangetica , 1♀, 29.IV.2003, Asystasia gangetica , 1♀, 30.IV.2003, Orthosiphon rubicundus , 2♀, 2.V.2003, on flowers of Platystoma africanum (Labiatae) , 2♀, leg. R.R. Snelling ( LACM) . – Kakamega district, Isecheno, Isecheno Forest reserve , 0.24°N 34.86°E, 1600m, 5.V.2003, 1♂, leg. R.R. Snelling ( LACM) . – Kakamega District, Kalunya Glade , Kakamega Forest , 0.24°N 34.85°E, 1800ft, 13.V.2001, Aspilia pluriseta , 1♀ , 6.V.2001, Aspilia pluriseta , 1♀, 26.IV.2001, Aspilia pluriseta , 2♂, 29.IV.2001, Aspilia pluriseta , 2♂, 6.V.2001, Aspilia pluriseta , 1♂, 13.V.2001, Aspilia pluriseta , 1♂, leg. R.R. Snelling ( LACM). – Nairobi, Athi River city env., 20.XI.1999, 1♀, leg. M. Snizek ( OOL) .

ZIMBABWE. Matopo Hills , 17-30.IV.1932, 1♂, leg. A. Mackie ( RMCA). – (N) Mavhuradonha Saf. A., 15km SE Muzarabani, 17.XII.1998, 2♀, leg. M. Halada ( OOL). – (E) , 40 km S. Chipinge, Mt Selinda , 13.XII.1998, 1♀, leg. J. Halada ( OOL) . – 30 km W. Harare, 22.XII.1998, 2♀, leg. J. Halada ( OOL) .

TANZANIE. Mts Uluguru , Kiroka, forêt heliophile, 725m, 27-31.V.1971, 3♂, leg. L. Berger, N. Leleup & J. Debecker ( RMCA) .

MOZAMBIQUE. Inhambane pr., 15km SE Seve , 27.XII.2003, 1♂, leg. J. Halada ( OOL) .

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Chuniespoort , 24°13’S 29°30’E, 2.XII.1981, 1♂, leg. G.L. Prinsloo ( SANC) . – Crocodile Bridge , 28.V.1969, 1♀ 1♂, 2.VI.1969, 1♀, leg. L.C. Starke ( SANC) . – Duiwelskloof , 23°42’S 30°06’E, 15.XII.1985, 1♂, leg. J.S. Donaldson ( SANC) . – Entabeni Forest Reserve , 23°00’S 30°16’E, 7-11.I.1987, 1♂, leg. C.D. Eardley ( SANC) . – Happy Rest Nature Reserve , 22°59’S 29°46’E, 10.III.1990, 1♂, leg. C.D.Eardley ( SANC) . – Honingklip , 26°01’S 27.47°08’E, 18.IX.2005, 1♀, leg. M. Forsyth ( SANC) . – Ingwe Motel , N. Louis Trichardt, 22°58’S 29°56’E, 6.I.2004, 1♀, leg. C. Eardley ( SANC) . – Komatipoort , 23.V.1969, 2♀, 6♂, 27.V.1969, 1♂, leg. L.C. Starke ( SANC) . – Kruger National Park , Pafuri, 22°26’S 31°12’E, 9-24.iv.1986, 1♂, L.E.O. Braack ( SANC) . – Magoebaskloof , 23°54’S 30°00’E, 5.III.1986, 1♀, leg. C.D. Eardley ( SANC) . – Mogol Nature Reserve , Ellisras district, 23°58’S 27°45’E, 25-26.I.1982, 1♂, leg. C.D. Eardley ( SANC) . – Nylsvley , X.1978, 2♀, XI.1978, 1♀, leg. C.D. Eardley ( SANC) . – Nylsvley Nature Reserve , 24°39’S 28°42’E, 18.II.1982, 1♀, leg. R.G. Oberprieler ( SANC) . – Nylsvley Nature Reserve , 24°39’S 28°42’E, 10- 11.XII.1979, 2♀, leg. C.D. Eardley ( SANC) . – Onder Sabie , 2.VI.1969, 2♂, 1♀, leg. L.C. Stark ( SANC) . – Presidentsrus , Witbank, 25°41’S 29°22’E, 20.III.1986, 1♂, leg. B. Grobbelaar & V.M. Uys ( SANC) . – Retiefskloof Nature Reserve , 13.IV.1960, 1♂, leg. H.N. Empey ( SANC) . – River Lodge near Strydom Tunnel, 24°22’S 30°41’E, 22-23.XII.1985, 1♂, 1♀, leg. C.D. Eardley ( SANC) . – Sabie Hoek , 8.V.1966, 1♂, 1♀, leg. H. Braack ( SANC) . – Thabazimbi 42 km E, 24°29’S 27°43’E, 10.I.2004, 1♀, leg. C.D. Eardley ( SANC) . – Vivo 20,5 km E, 962m, 23°05’S 29°26’E, 12.I.2004, 4♀, leg. C.D. Eardley ( SANC) . – Waterpoort 20 km E, 22°52’S 29°47’E, 6.I.2004, 1♀, leg. C.D. Eardley ( SANC) . – Weltevreden , 25°34’S 31°10’E, 24.I.1990, 1♀, leg. G.L. Prinsloo ( SANC) . – Barbeton 20km NE, 20-30.XI.2003, 1♀, leg. J. Halada ( OOL) . Blue Lagoon , Durban, 18.III.1963, 1♀, leg. H.N. Empey ( SANC) . – Burman Bush , Durban, 8.III.1963, 1♀, leg. H.N. Empey ( SANC) . – Cathedral Peak forestry area, 28°55’S 29°14’E, 10.XI.1981, 1♀, leg. S.J. v. Tonder & C. Kok ( SANC) . – False Bay , 27.95852S 32.35919E, sandforest, 15.I.2005, 1 ♀ ( SANC) . – Kloof , 20.XII.1959, 1♀, 26.XII.1960, 1♂, leg. H.N. Empey ( SANC) . – Kosi Bay , 10-11.II.1990, 1♂, 2♀, leg. C.D. Eardley ( SANC) . – Kuleni Farm , Hulhulwe, 27°54’S 32°22’E, 14.II.1990, 1♀, leg. C.D. Eardley ( SANC) . – Pietermaritzburg , 10.II.1917, 1♂, leg. C. Akerman ( SANC) . – Scottburgh , 15.III.1963, 1♀, 16.VIII.1968, 1♀, leg. H.N. Empey ( SANC) . – Lake Sibaya , E. shore, 27°22’S 32°43’E, 19-20.I.1981, 1♀, leg. I.M. Millar ( SANC) . – Stanger , 14.III.1963, 2♂, leg. H.N. Empey ( SANC) . – Umtentwini , 20.IV.1973, 1♂, leg. H.N. Empey ( SANC) . – Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve , Umzinto, 30°17’S 30°37’E, 443m, 25-26.III.1985, 3♂, leg. C.D. Eardley ( SANC) . – Bergville 20 km S., 5.II.2001, 1♂, leg. M. Snizek ( OOL) .

Figures

Fig. 22. Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) torridum, specimens from Kenya (a, b), Zimbabwe (c) and Congo-Brazzaville (d).

Fig. 23. Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) torridum, male (Kenya).

Fig. 24. Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) torridum, female specimen from Zimbabwe (a, c, d, e) and type of T. malelanum (b).

Fig. 25. Distribution maps of Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma).

Fig. 2