Pachyanthidium

Eardley, Connal & Griswold, Terry, 2017, Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of Pachyanthidium Friese (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Anthidiini), Zootaxa 4237 (3), pp. 401-453 : 403-404

Key to the Afrotropical species of Pachyanthidium

1. Eyes hairy; preoccipital carina present laterally at least in dorsal half........................................... 2

- Eyes naked; preoccipital carina absent laterally............................................................ 6

2. T3–T5 without lateral spines; midfemur without a ventral, longitudinal carina; preoccipital carina incomplete, well separated from hypostomal area....................................... Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidiodes) semiluteum Pasteels

- T3–T5 with lateral spines; midfemur with a ventral, longitudinal carina at least basally; preoccipital carina complete, reaching hypostomal area ( Trichanthidium ).......................................................................... 3

3. Scutellum with large yellow maculation; scutum distinctly convex, more strongly sloping downwards lateral to parapsidal line; pubescence near anterior margin of scutum slender, some microscopically plumose................................................................................................ Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidium) cucullatum (Friese)

- Scutellum mostly black and/or reddish, occasionally with a little yellowish-orange; scutum essentially flat, not strongly sloping lateral to parapsidal line; pubescence near anterior margin of scutum stout, not microscopically plumose.............4

4. Metasoma with terga completely black, or with very small sublateral maculations on one or more segments; preoccipital lamella dark, almost opaque ( Fig. 12 e)............................. Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidium) nigrum Pasteels

- Metasoma with distinctive maculations on at least T3 and T4; preoccipital lamella light coloured, clearly translucent ( Fig. 14 e)....................................................................................................... 5

5. Male T6 posterolateral margin bispinose, these spines sharply pointed; male T7 with projections slender, pointed ( Fig. 8 b); female T1 with large lateral patches of long stout setae (> 2x diameter of midocellus)........................................................................................... Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidium) benguelense (Vachal)

- Male T6 posterolateral margin not bispinose, with small to indistinct rounded dorsolateral lobes; male T7 with projections stout, rounded ( Fig. 14 g); female T1 with small lateral patches of short slender or stout setae (<2x diameter of midocellus)....................................................................... Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidium) anoplos sp. n.

6. Arolia present; ventral edge of clypeus smooth................ Pachyanthidium (Ausanthidium) ausense (Mavromoustakis)

- Arolia absent; ventral edge of clypeus crenulate ( Pachyanthidium s. str.)........................................ 7

7. Metasoma mostly red or orange, sometimes with diffuse yellowish-orange marks, never with black beyond T1.......... 8

- Metasoma black (extending beyond T1), with extensive bright yellow maculations................................ 11

8. Mandible of female with 7–9 similar rounded teeth; female T6 apical margin broadly rounded; mandible of male with 6 or more very acutely pointed teeth (sometimes mandibles differ from one another in number of teeth).............................................................................. Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) bicolor (Lepeletier)

– Mandible of female spatulate; female T6 apical margin narrowly rounded; mandible of male with 5 or fewer stout broadly acute to undulating teeth................................................................................9

9. Pubescence of mesepisternum dark; female head including mandible, mesosoma and femora usually black, sometimes with a very small yellow spot on paraocular area; male T7 posteromedian spine broad and truncate, nearly equal to width of posterolateral concavity; male mandible with 5 distinct teeth................. Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) micheneri Pasteels

- Pubescence of mesepisternum pale; female head, mesosoma and femora with conspicuous yellow maculations; male T7 posteromedian spine narrow, half width of posterolateral concavity; male mandible mostly with 4 distinct teeth, sometimes 5-toothed..................................................................................................... 10

10. Mesepisternum without or with only little yellow maculation; female forewing as dark in all cells as distal region of wing; legs black in part; male T7 with middle spine stout, apically rounded or subtruncate............................................................................................... Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) bouyssoui (Vachal)

- Mesepisternum with extensive yellow maculation; female forewing lighter in all cells than distal region of wing; legs entirely pale coloured; male T7 with middle spine slender, obtusely pointed............................................................................................. Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) paulinieri (Guérin–Méneville)

11. Mandible of female with 7–8 rounded, peg-like teeth (unknown for P. salamense ); male T7 posteromedian projection broad and subtruncate; male with 5–7 pointed teeth..................................................................... 12

- Mandible of female with pointed teeth and/or dorsally spatulate; male T7 posteromedian spine pointed, at most half width of posterolateral concavity; male with 5–6 teeth...............................................................13

12. Mesosomal dorsum without continuous pale borders laterally and posteriorly; male metasoma extensively black mediolongitudinally; width of T7 posteromedian projection more than one-half distance between it and lateral spine............................................................................ Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) rufescens (Friese)

- Dorsum of mesosoma bordered laterally and posteriorly by white (known in male; presumably same in female); male T1 usually with quadrate black mark anteriorly on dorsum, remainder of metasomal dorsum yellow (probable also in female); width of T7 posteromedian projection about one-half distance between it and lateral spine. Female unknown............................................................................ Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) salamense (Friese)

13. Female mesosoma almost entirely black (pronotal lobe partly yellow), legs mostly black (fore and middle tibiae yellow anterior), metasoma with mesal region of all terga black, T6 almost entirely black. Male unknown.................................................................................. Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) obscurum Pasteels

- Head, mesosoma, including legs, and metasoma with considerable yellow maculations.............................14

14. Female mandible strongly spatulate, only 1 large ventral tooth; male mandible with 6 dissimilar teeth, middle 3 very small, inner large and separated by concavity........................ Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) katangense Cockerell

- Female mandible weakly spatulate, edge serrate; male mandible with about 6 teeth, similar or dissimilar and regularly arranged or not regularly arranged, but not arranged as above......................................................... 15

15. Female mandible with large dorsal tooth separated by a concavity; male T7 middle spine rounded to obtuse distally.................................................................. Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) cordatum (Smith)

- Female mandible without dissimilar or separated dorsal tooth; male T7 middle spine acutely pointed........................................................................ Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) arnoldi Mavromoustakis

Figures

FIGURE 8. Pachyanthidium benguelense (Vachal). a. Female T 6. b – g. Male. b. T 6 – T 7. c. T 7. d – f. S 6 – S 8. g. Genitalia, dorsal view.

FIGURE 12. Pachyanthidium nigrum Pasteels. a – c. Female. a. Face. b. Habitus. c. metasomal tergum 6. d – g. Male. d. Face. e. Scutum and scutellum. f. T 6 – T 7.

FIGURE 14. Pachyanthidium anoplos new species. a – c. Female. a. Face. b. Habitus. c. T 6. d – g. Male. d. Face. e. Habitus. f – g. T 6 – T 7.