Antankariini, Sanborn, 2021

Sanborn, Allen F., 2021, The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae) of Madagascar including a new tribe, five new genera, twelve new species, four new species synonymies, five revised species status, ten new combinations, new tribal assignments for four genera, one new subtribe synonymy, a checklist and key to the species, Zootaxa 4937 (1), pp. 1-79 : 19-21

Antankariini n. tribe

Type genus.— Antankaria Distant 1904b: 429 .

Included genera.— Antankaria Distant 1904b , Orientafroinsularis n. gen.

Remarks.—The position of the Madagascar species of Chremistica Stål, 1870 and Antankaria Distant, 1904 within the Cryptotympanini Handlirsch, 1925 was questioned by the results of the five gene phylogenetic analysis of Marshall et al. (2018b). The only Madagascar species of Chremistica included in the analysis formed part of a different clade than the Asian species of Chremistica , separated at the first branch of the Cicadinae clade and unrelated to Cryptotympana Stål, 1861 and the other Cryptotympanini included in the study ( Marshall et al. 2018b). The major clade with the Madagascar species of Chremistica included the Macrotristriini in a separate divergent clade but the Madagascar species of Macrotristria was not included in their analysis. The Madagascar species of Chremistica were left in Crytoptympanini because Marshall et al. (2018b) lacked sufficient material to place the genera properly. A new tribe is provided here to incorporate these species along with species of Antankaria .

Diagnosis and distinguishing features.—The genitalia of the Madagascar species of Chremistica and Antankaria show distinct differences from the Asian species of Chremistica including the pygofer distal shoulder curving to produce a dorsal point on either side of the base of the dorsal beak in species of the Madagascar genera, the uncus of the Asian species of Chremistica generally terminates in a much larger extension without a terminal bifurcation, the lateral branches of the uncus lack the broad base of the Madagascar genera and may have finger-like extensions, the pygofer basal lobes are more lobate, separated from the pygofer margin, and often curving mediad or concealed by the mediad recurving lateral pygofer margin, the aedeagus lacks the terminal membrane, the head is more triangular, the eyes do not extend laterally beyond the anterior lateral pronotal collar, the pronotal collar is proportionately wider, the anterior terminus of the lateral pronotal collar is reflexed dorsally, the posterior cruciform elevation has a shallow smooth curved, the lateral margins of the abdomen are generally parallel, and female sternite VII has a very wide notch in the true species of Chremistica .

As a result of the significantly different genitalia and multiple morphological differences found in Madagascar genera and the true species of Chremistica, Antankariini n. tribe is here proposed with the type genus Antankaria Distant, 1904b . The diagnosis of Antankariini n. tribe is as follows: head about as wide as ( Antankaria ) or wider than mesonotum ( Orientafroinsularis n. gen.), supra-antennal plate reaching about half distance to eye, eyes protruding laterally from head, wider than anterior pronotal collar, lateral ocelli closer to each other than to eyes, higher than median ocellus in frontal view, lateral vertex narrower than eye, vertex at area of ocelli shorter than frons, epicranial suture deep and narrow between lateral ocelli, postclypeus extending beyond supra-antennal plates, postclypeus dorsal length not as long as dorsal width, not as long as dorsal vertex, postclypeus apex rounded in lateral view, convex in frontal view without central sulcus, pronotum shorter than mesonotum, paranota present but angled ventrally, pronotal collar lateral angle ampliate, wider than transverse pronotal collar, transverse pronotal collar not as wide as eye, mesonotum covering dorsal metanotum, metanotum extends laterally beyond wing groove, fore femora with three spines, tarsi three-segmented, hindcoxae lacking a large inner protuberance, meracanthus triangular generally curved mediad, extending over anterior male operculum or to middle of female sternite II, male operculum completely encapsulating meracanthus, with smoothly curved posterior margins, domed posterolateral to meracanthus, covering elongated tympanal cavity, extending to anterior of proportionately long sternite II, female operculum approximately rectangular, posterior margin sinuate, not reaching medial meracanthus or posterior sternite II, fore wings and hind wing hyaline, talc-like in some examples of Antankaria , with eight and six apical cells respectively, infuscation on radial and radiomedial crossveins and distal veins between apical cells, pterostigma present, fore wing basal cell longer than broad, subrectangular, costal vein not expanded with shelf-like extension, radius anterior vein aligned closely with the subcostal vein for its length, fore wing cubitus anterior straight at base, base of median and cubitus anterior veins arising separately from basal cell, radius anterior and radius posterior arise from same location on node, cubitus anterior 1 divided by crossvein so distal portion shortest, radial and radiomedial crossveins slightly sinuate, parallel or almost parallel, ulnar cell 3 parallel to distal medial cell, abdomen longer than distance between apex of head and posterior of cruciform elevation, male abdomen fusiform, abdomen begins narrowing posteriorly to genitalia at tergite 4 or 5, second abdominal segment proportionately longer than other segments producing elongated tympanal cavity ventrally, timbal cover slightly inflated laterally, completely covering timbal, reaching metathorax anteriorly, timbal extending below wing base, tympana concealed by opercula, sternites lacking abdominal tubercles, male sternite VIII U-shaped when viewed from posterior with transverse posterior margin, female sternite VII with curved posterolateral margin and single V-shaped medial notch, pygofer distal shoulder smoothly curved with dorsally oriented point, dorsal beak broadly triangular, pygofer upper lobe absent, pygofer basal lobe well-developed extending about half pygofer length, adpressed to pygofer, pygofer lateral uncus lobes broad at base with narrow terminal extension, distally arching and curving mediad forming a canal to restrain aedeagus at apex, claspers absent, male aedeagus tubular with expanded terminal membrane and single vesicle process, restrained by medial extensions of uncus near its base, female abdominal segment 9 with dorsal beak, posterior margin sinuate.

Antankariini n. tribe can be distinguished from the remaining Cicadinae tribes by having in combination a supra-antennal plate reaching about half distance to eye, eyes protruding laterally from head, wider than anterior pronotal collar, lateral ocelli closer to each other than to eyes, higher than median ocellus in frontal view, epicranial suture deep and narrow between lateral ocelli, postclypeus dorsal length not as long as dorsal width, not as long as dorsal vertex, convex ventral postclypeus, lateral pronotum not ampliate, transverse pronotal collar not as wide as eye, hindcoxae lacking a large inner protuberance, male operculum completely encapsulating meracanthus, covering elongated tympanal cavity, costal vein not expanded with shelf-like extension, cubitus anterior 1 divided by crossvein so distal portion shortest, parallel or nealy parallel radial and radiomedial crossveins, abdomen longer than distance between apex of head and posterior of cruciform elevation, second male abdominal segment proportionately longer than other segments producing elongated tympanal cavity ventrally, timbal cover slightly inflated laterally, complete, reaching metathorax anteriorly, timbal extending below wing base, tympana concealed by opercula, sternites lacking abdominal tubercles, female sternite VII with single V-shaped medial notch, pygofer distal shoulder smoothly curved with dorsally oriented point, dorsal beak broadly triangular, pygofer lateral uncus lobes broad at base with narrow terminal extension, male aedeagus with expanded terminal membrane and single vesicle process.

Distribution.—The included genera of the new tribe are restricted to Madagascar and the Republic of Seychelles ( Metcalf 1963a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013).