Wissadula amplissima (Linnaeus, 1753) R. E. Fr., 1908

Bovini, Massimo G. & Baumgratz, José Fernando A., 2016, Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil, Phytotaxa 243 (3), pp. 201-234 : 212-213

2. Wissadula amplissima (L.) R.E.Fr., Kungl. (1908: 48).

Sida amplissima L. (1753: 685). Abutilon amplissimum (L.) O. Kuntze (1898: 17). Type:— Plumier, Pl. Amer.: 2, tab. 3. 1755 (lectotype: designated Krapovickas 1996).

Wissadula hirsuta C. Presl. (1835: 118) . Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia, without date, Lhotzky s.n. (lectotype: designated Krapovickas 1996, PR-4541G; isolectotype: PR-4540 G).

Abutilon crinitum Klotzch (1840: 301) . Type :— BRAZIL. Bahia, july 1835, Luschnath 169 (holotype: B, destroyed; neotype: MO, designated here, digital image!)

Subshrubs or shrubs, rarely treelets, 1–3 m tall, erect. Branches hirtellous, the young sometimes hirsutellous, trichomes hyaline, simple, 3–5 mm long, caducous or not, trichomes fasciculate minute. Stipules 0.8–0.9 cm long, lanceolate, free, caducous, hirtellous, trichomes simple, long, and trichomes fasciculate on both surfaces. Leaves with petioles 3–16 cm long, hirtellous, trichomes simple, very long, and minute-glandular; lamina 3.5–20 × 2.5–15 cm, green concolorous or moderately discolour, membranaceous, cordiform, sometimes moderately lanceolate, base cordate, frequently with lobes imbricate, apex acuminate to cuspidate, margin entire to moderately undulate; adaxial surface hirsutellous, trichomes spreading, hyaline, simple, and glandular, rare fasciculate, abaxial surface sparsely or densely velutinous, whitish, trichomes multiradiate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescences double-raceme, 25–35 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 2–3 cm long, pubescent, trichomes fasciculate. Flowers with pedicel 0.9–1 cm long, indumentum and trichomes like the anthopodium; calyx 3–4 mm long, accrescent at fruit, and sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes simple, long, and fasciculate, abaxial surface sericeous, trichomes simple, long; corolla 10–11 mm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple, and fasciculate–stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 3 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–5-celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 3 mm long. Schizocarp 0.9–1 cm diam; (3)4–5 mericarps, 7–8 × 3–4 mm, spines ca. 2 mm long, constriction conspicuous, glabrescent to puberullous, trichomes glandular; seeds 3, <3 mm long, glabrescent, trichomes simple overall surface, hilum pubescent, trichomes simple. ( Figs. 5a–c ).

Representative specimens examined— BRAZIL. Maranhão: Carolina , 24 May 1950, fl., Pires & Black 2052 ( IAN) ; Loreto , 6 April 1962, fl., fr., Eiten & Eiten 4110 ( CTES, SP) . Piauí: Bonfim (?),1912, fl., fr., Luezelburg 1566 ( RB) . Ceará: Baturité , 26 June 1908, fl., fr., Ducke s.n. ( MG 1178 ) ; Maracanaú, Santo Antônio , 1937, fl., fr., Barroso 41 ( RB, RBR) ; entre Crato e o aeroporto, 25 August 1964, fl., fr., Castellanos 25252 ( GUA) . Paraíba: Alagoinha , March 1940, fl., fr., Deslandes s.n. ( IAC, RB 428963 , SP 5713 ) ; Areia , 20 October 1956, fl., fr., Moraes s.n. ( RB 100441 ) ; Pernambuco: Escola ?, 13 August 1924, fl., fr., Pickel 814 ( SP) ; Fernando de Noronha , 18 April 1990, fl., Mello-Filho 5480 (R) ; July 1890, fr., Ridley et al. 09 (K, RB-foto); Rio Formoso , 28 August 1954, fl., fr., Falcão et al. 856 ( RB) ; São Lourenço da mata, 21 July 1978, fl., fr., Campêlo & Campêlo 639 ( RB, RBR) ; estação Ecológica do Tapacurá , 18 October 1996, fl., fr., Baracho & Siqueira-Filho 283 ( UFP) . Alagoas: Agua Branca, Chupete , October 1948, fl., fr., Neto 131 ( RB) . Bahia: Brumado, Brumadinho , 26 September 2005, fl., fr., Bovini 2519 ( RB) ; Cruz das Almas, 26 January 1956, fl., Monteiro s.n. ( RBR 62009 ) ; Feira de Santana , 31 July 1980, fl., fr., Noblick 1956 ( RB) ; Ilhéus , May 1821, fl., fr., Riedel 109 (K) ; Jequié , BR-116, a 15 km ao N de Jequié, 13 July 1979, fl., fr., Mori & King 12183 ( CEPEC, RB) ; Lafayete Coutinho , rod. BA-890, 6 May 1979, fl., fr., Mori & Santos 11824 ( CEPEC, K, RB) ; Macaúbas, estrada para Canatiba , 20 April 1996, fl., fr., Hatschbach et al. 65146 ( MBM) ; Oliveira dos Brejinhos, Canabrava , 16 March 1998, fl., fr., Hatschbach et al. 67789 ( MBM) ; Porto Seguro , 11 June 1962, fl., fr., Duarte 6658 ( RB) ; Rio de Contas , 23 March 1977, fl., fr., Harley et al. 19888 (K, SPF, UEC) ; Santa Cruz da Cabrália , 23 September 1981, fl., fr., Brito & Vinha 143 ( SPF) ; Locality unknown, without date, fr., Salzmann s.n. (K H2005/00449) . Tocantins: Aurora do Tocantins , 10 May 2000, fl., fr., Hatschbach et al. 70842 ( MBM) . Goiás: Formosa, córrego Extrema , 21 April 1966, fl., fr., Irwin et al. 15231 ( CTES) ; Monte Alegre de Goiás, Fazenda Sumidouro , 12 April 2000, fl., Silva 4376 ( IBGE, SP) ; Niquelândia, nas margens do rio Tacantinzinho , 21 July 1995, fl., Cavalcanti 1507 ( CEN, SP) . Minas Gerais: environs de Rio de Janeiro , February 1882, fr., Glaziou 12445 ( CTES, K) ; Brasilândia , 17º06’51”S e 46º15’42”W, 21 May 2010, fl., fr., Bovini 3171 ( RB) ; Capinópolis , 28 June 1957, fl., fr., without collector ( SP 51522 ) ; Inhapim , 1 February 1967, fl., fr., Lindeman & Haas 4567 ( MBM) ; Itacarambi, rio São Francisco , 19 February 2004, fl., fr., Hatschbach 78008 ( MBM) ; Januária, 15 km by road W of Januária on road to Serra das Araras , 20 April 1973, fl., fr., Anderson 9212 et al. (K, NY, RB) ; Minas Novas , 23 March 1993, fl., fr., Esteves & Kameyama 2490 ( SP) . Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, São João de Petrópolis , 23 July 1985, fl., fr., Boudet Fernandes 1343 ( MBML, RB) . Rio de Janeiro: Bom Jesus de Itabapoana , 16 October 1982, fl., fr., Santos et al. 148 ( GUA) ; entre Campos e São Fidélis , 16 November 1876, fl., Glaziou 10285 (R) ; Magé, Barão do Iriri , próximo ao manguezal, 14 November 2007, fl., fr., Bovini et al. 2683 ( RB) ; Rio de Janeiro, Horto, em cultivo na rua Dona Castorina, 31 May 1927, fl., fr., Kuhlmann s.n. ( RB 637 ). São Paulo : Bananal , 27 July 1994, fr., Barreto 2364 ( ESA, UEC) ; Buritizal , 27 July 1994, fl., fr., Barreto et al. 2768 ( ESA, RB, SP) ; Paulo de Faria, Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria , 23 August 1995, fl., Grecco et al. 78 ( SP) .

Etymology— The epithet amplissima refers to the leaf’s width, perhaps because the species has the largest dimensions known among Sida species previously described at that time.

Distribution— The species occurs in the West Indies, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. In Brazil, it can be frequently found in the northeastern and southeastern regions, but less frequently in the mid-western region.

Note— Hirtellous indumenta, consisting of simple trichomes and the presence of long trichomes on branches and petioles, were consistently observed in the specimens studied. Nevertheless, because the trichomes may be sparse and/ or deciduous, trichome density significantly varies. W. wissadifolia is similar to W. amplissima but differs in having leaves with serrate margins.

Wissadula amplissima is part of a species complex composed of W. hernandioides and W. subpeltata based on the shape of its leaves. Krapovickas (1996a) lectotypified W. amplissima and proposed an identification key for similar species and their morphological description based on the plate by Plumier (1755), who emphasized the simple and long trichomes on the branches and petioles as diagnostic characteristics.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Wissadula amplissima (L.) R.E.Fr. a. fertile branch. b. detail of branch. c. fruit. W. boliviana R.E.Fr. d. fertile branch. e. detail of branch. f. fruit. W. caribaea (DC.) Bovini. g. fertile branch. h. detail of branch. i. fruit. W. contracta (Link) R.E.Fr. j. fertile branch. k. detail of branch. l. fruit. (a–c: Grecco 78, SP; d–f: Bovini 2679, RB; g–I: Miranda 3252, CTES; j–l: Bovini 2566, RB). Scale bars: a, d, g, j =5 cm; b, c, e, f, i, k, l = 2 mm; k = 1 mm.