Wissadula hernandioides (L’Hér.) Garcke (1890: 124)

Bovini, Massimo G. & Baumgratz, José Fernando A., 2016, Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil, Phytotaxa 243 (3), pp. 201-234 : 221-224

11. Wissadula hernandioides (L’Hér.) Garcke (1890: 124) . Sida hernandioides L’Heritier (1789: 121) . Abutilon hernandioides (L’Hér.) Sweet (1826: 53) . Wissadula periplocifolia var. hernandioides (L’Her.) Griseb. (1866: 25) . Wissadula periplocifolia var. hernandioides (L’Hér.) Hochr. (1902: 29) . Type:—Stirp. nov. 2: 121, tab. 58. 1789 (lectotype, designated by Areces & Fryxell 2007).

Wissadula mucronulata A.Gray ex Torr. (1859: 39) ; Abutilon mucronulatum (A.Gray ex Torr.) A. Gray (1862: 175) . Type:— MÉXICO. Tamaulipas, on the Rio Grande below Reynosa , December 1853, fl., fr., Schott 108a (holotype: NY, digital image!) .

Wissadula periplocifolia var. hernandioides (L’Hér.) Hochr f. suborbiculata Chodat & Hassler (1905: 289) . Syn. nov. Type:— PARAGUAY. San Bernardino, June 1885 –1902, E. Hassler 3020 (holotype: G).

Wissadula periplocifolia var. hernandioides (L’Hér.) Hochr f. cordata Chodat & Hassler (1905: 289) . Syn. nov. Type:— PARAGUAY. Dumeto in regione cursus superioris fluminis Apa, November 1885 –1902, E. Hassler 7915 (holotype: G).

Wissadula subpeltata (O. Kuntze) R. E. Fr., Kungl. (1908: 56) . Abutilon amplissimum var. subpeltata O. Kuntze (1898: 17) . Syn. nov. Type :— BOLÍVIA. Tunarigebirge, 1300 m, without date, fl., fr., O. Kuntze s.n. (lectotype: NY!, designated here; isolectotypes: US!, RB, photo!).

Sida racemosa Vell. (1827/1831:278), non Burm.f.

Subshrubs to shrubs 1–2.5 m tall, erect. Branches pubescent, trichomes simple and fasciculate, both minute, in apical portion sometimes ferrugineous, occasional fasciculate-stipitate and multiradiate-stipitate. Stipules 0.9–1 cm long., long - lanceolate, free, caducous, tomentose, trichomes fasciculate. Leaves with petiole 2–10 cm long, tomentose, trichomes fasciculate, minute and fasciculate-stipitate; lamina 3–15 × 2.2–10 cm, membranaceous to chartaceous, green discolor, cordiforme, base cordate or subcordate, rarely with imbricate lobes, apex acute, acuminate or cuspidate, margin entire to undulate; abaxial surface tomentose to velutinous, trichomes hyaline, simple, glandular and fasciculate; adaxial surface velutine, trichomes hyaline, fasciculate and multiradiate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescence double-raceme, 25–35 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 2.5–3 cm long, pubescent, trichomes fasciculate, simple and sparsely fasciculate-stipitate. Flowers with pedicel 10–12 mm long, indument and trichomes similar those of the to anthopodium; calyx 2–3 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, not accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes fasciculate, rarely fasciculate-stipitate; abaxial surface sericeous, trichomes simple, long; corolla 1–1.2 cm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes, hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 2 mm long, rarely trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–5–celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 3 mm long. Schizocarp 0.8–0.9 cm diam, 4(–5) mericarps, 8–9 × 3–4 mm, spines <1 mm long, constriction inconspicuous, glabrescent to puberulous, trichomes glandular; seeds 3, <2 mm long, hilum puberolous, trichomes simple ( Figs. 7a–c ).

Representative Specimens Examined— BRAZIL. Roraima: Boa Vista , August 1931, fl., fr., H. Monteiro 09 ( IAN) . Pará: Óbidos, January 1921, fl., fr., without collector ( RB). Santarém , May 1850, fl., fr., R. Spruce s.n. (K, MG) . Bahia: Correntina , 08 April 2005, fl., E. B. Miranda et al. 712 ( CTES, HUEFS) . Mato Grosso: Cáceres , 05 May 1995, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 62305 ( CTES, MBM) ; Paconé, Rodovia Transpantaneira , 28 September 1993, fl., fr., A. L. do Prado 2242 ( UEC) ; Vila Bela , 05 May 1983, fl., fr., L. Carreira et al. 828 ( IAN, MG) . Mato Grosso do Sul: Anastácio , 11 February 1993, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 58917 ( CTES, MBM) ; Aquidauana , 06 November 2007, fl., fr., M. G. Bovini et al. 2662 ( RB) ; Bela Vista , 16 February 1994, fl., fr., M. Pedersen 16060 ( CTES) ; Campo Grande , 19 May 1986, fl., R. L. Arakaki 02 ( CGMS) ; Parque Estadual do Prosa , 28 September 2002, fl., fr., L. C. Rodrigues 19 ( CGMS) ; Caracol , 12 March 2004, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach 77042 ( CTES, MBM) ; Miranda , 17 March 2003, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 74831 ( MBM, SPF) ; Rio Correntes , May 1911, fl., fr., F. C. Hoehne 14273 ( SP) ; ligação rodoviária entre a rod. BR-262 a Nabileque , 21 March 2004, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach 77335b ( MBM) . Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte , 16 March 1942, fl., fr., M. Magalhães 3325 ( BHBC) ; Carmópolis de Minas , 02 November 2003, fr., L. Echternacht & T. Dornas 113 ( BHCB, RB) ; Coronel Pacheco , 15 April 1941, fl., fr., E. P. Heringer 595 ( RB) ; Engenheiro Dolabela (?), Granjas Reunidas , 03 May 1963, fl., fr., A. P. Duarte 7822 ( RB) ; Guaxupé , 24 April 1976, fl., fr., P. Gibbs et al. 1979 ( UEC) ; Ipatinga , 30 April 1990, fl., C. P. Guerra 4 ( BHCB, CTES) ; Lagoa Santa , 27 March 1982, fl., R. P. Martins 8456 ( BHCB) ; Marliéria , PERD, 24 October 2007, fl., fr., M.G.Bovini et al. 2620 ( RB) ; Paraopeba , 18 April 1958, fl., E. P. Heringer 6390 ( CTES, UB) ; Pedro Leopoldo , 14 April 1969, fl., fr., A. P. Duarte 11451 ( CTES) ; Lapa Vermelha , 09 May 1977, fl., fr., J. M. Ferrari 273 ( BHCB) ; Pitangui , March 1934, fl., fr., O. Prates 09 ( RBR) ; Sabará , July 1983, fl., fr., C. C. Ferreira 53 ( BHBC) ; Santa Luzia, Piteiras , 01 May 1934, fl., fr., M. Barreto 8036 ( BHBC, CTES, R) ; São Sebastião do Paraíso , 24 April 1945, fl., fr., L. E. Mello-Filho et al. 285 (R) ; Sete Lagoas , 05 April 1934, fl., fr., I. Barçante 370 ( RB, RBR) ; Viçosa , campus da UFV, 18 August 1992, fl., A. F. Carvalho 113 ( RB, VIC) . Rio de Janeiro: Duque de Caxias , 26 May 1979, fl., fr., C. R. Campelo & R. C. B. Ramalho 801 ( RB, RBR) ; Itaguaí , 13 August 1952, fr., H. Monteiro 3720 ( RB, RBR) ; Magé, Barão do Iriri , 14 November 2007, fl., fr., M. G. Bovini et al. 2682 ( RB) ; Nova Iguaçu , 30 August 1978, fr., C. R. Campelo & A. B. Campelo 648 ( RB, RBR) ; Rio das Ostras, Reserva Biológica União , 31 March 2000, fl., fr., J. M. A. Braga 5846 ( RB) ; Santo Antônio de Pádua, estrada para Ibitiguaçu , 28 April 1981, fl., fr., J. P. P. Carauta 3756 ( GUA) ; Sapucaia, Fazenda Selo Verde , 07 May 2000, fl., fr., F. B. Pereira 21/11 ( RFA) ; Paraty , estrada para o rio dos Meros, 17 December 2007, fr., M. G. Bovini et al. 2688 ( RB) ; Seropédica , UFRRJ, 04 May 2006, fl., fr., M. G. Bovini & P. Germano 2567 ( RB) ; Vassouras , a margem da estrada, 22 May 1952, fr., H. Monteiro 3605 ( RBR) . São Paulo: Boa Esperança do Sul , 29 April 1955, fl., fr., M. Kuhlmann 3638 ( SP) ; Bofete , fazenda 8 pontos, 24 April 1971, fl., fr., I. Gottsberger et al. 133 ( CTES) ; Campinas, Unicamp , 05 April 1977, fl., fr., V. Carnielli et al. s. n. ( MBM 54788 ) ; Jaboticabal , 03 April 1961, fl., fr., W. C. Gregory et al. 10103 ( CTES, LIL) ; Limeira , 12 October 1988, fl., fr., N. Tavaglini s.n. ( SP 269816 ) ; Piracicaba , 20 April 1961, fl., fr., A. P. Duarte 5552 ( RB) ; Ribeirão Preto, Estação Experimental de Ribeirão Preto , 31 March 1939, fl., fr., A. G. Gomes s.n. ( IAN 35987 ) ; São Carlos , 20 June 1961, fl., fr., G. Eiten et al. 3069 ( SP) ; São José do Rio Preto , 11 April 1980, fl., fr., J. R. Coleman 659 ( SP) ; São Paulo, Apa do Iguatemi , 02 May 1996, fl., G. M. Ferreira et al. 84 ( SPF) ; São Roque, Estação Experimental do IAC, 24 April 1995, fl., L. C. Bernacci et al. 1437 ( RB, SP) ; Valinhos , 20 February 1976, fl., fr., H. F. Leitão Filho & J. Semir 1804 ( UEC) ; Without locality, Fazenda Sta. Elisa , 19 April 1994, fl., S. L. Jung-Mendaçolli et al. 94 ( UEC) ; Without locality, Chácara Valinhos , 01 April 2002, fl., fr., A. C. Siani s.n. ( RB 444259 ) . Paraná: Foz do Iguaçu , 11 April 1980, fr., E. Buttura 517 ( CTES, MBM) ; Jundiaí do Sul, Fazenda Monte Verde , 30 July 1998, fl., fr., J. Carneiro 552 ( MBM) . Rio Grande do Sul: Gravataí , 28 April 1985, fl., fr., D. B. Falkenberg 2436 ( FLOR) ; Maquiné, Estação Experimental Fitotécnica , 30 March 1979, fl., fr., J. Mattos & N. Silveira 24849 ( CTES, HAS) ; Osório, 07 May 1976, fl., fr., L. Amaral s.n. ( HAS 39543 ). Pareci , 07 July 1949, fl., fr., B. Rambo 42479 ( CTES, LIL) ; São Leopoldo , April 1941, fl., fr., J. Eugenio 234 ( RBR, SP) ; Sapucaia do Sul, “ Estação Guianuba ”, 17 March 1949, fl., fr., B. Rambo 40546 ( ICN, LIL, MBM) ; Tenente Portela, Parque do Turvo , 1982, fl., fr., D. B. Falkenberg 292 ( FLOR) ; Viamão, Morro do Côco , April 1976, fr., A. Backes 461 ( HAS) .

Etymology— The epithet hernandioides is probably related to the similarity with the frequently peltate or subpeltate leaves of the genus Hernandia ( Hernandiaceae ).

Distribution— It occurs in the U. S. A., Mexico, the West Indies, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil. In Brazil, the species is found in all regions, but it is rare in the northeastern region.

Note— Wissadula hernandioides is very similar to W. amplissima , but is distinguished by the absence of simple and long trichomes on branches and velutinous indumentum on the adaxial surface of the leaves this species

Kuntze (1898) proposed Abutilon amplissimum var. subpeltatum based on the overlapping basal leaf lobes and considered Sida hernandioides a synonym. Chodat and Hassler (1885 –1902) examined two collections from Paraguay and proposed W. periplocifolia var. suborbiculata and var. cordata based on the same leaf characteristic described above. Fries (1908), after analyzing both collections, accepted A. amplissimum var. subpeltatum and reported a characteristic that was not observed before for the taxon: the presence of short, erect and oblique bristles on the pedicel and calyx. Based on these characteristics, Fries (1908) established W. subpeltata , considering the varieties proposed by Chodat and Hassler (1885 –1902) as synonyms.

Based on the type material of W. subpeltata (NY and US) and on materials from several localities, we noticed that the presence of lobes on the leaves is not consistent. That is, the same specimen (Hoehne 2994, Eugenio 234) may have leaves with imbricate lobes or not. On the original plate of W. amplissima , the basal leaves have lobes united to one another. In the protologue of Sida hernandioides , this characteristic was already mentioned as “ folia ..., imbricatocordata, ” together with a good illustration to show it.

The presence of simple, long trichomes is a diagnostic character for W. amplissima , and it is also found in specimens with imbricate lobes at the base of the leaves (Krapovickas 38608, 40195). We noticed that the presence of the bristles (= short, simple and thick trichomes) in the peduncle and calyx, as observed by Fries (1908) and confirmed by A. Krapovickas (pers. comm.), is not a consistent characteristic. We did find specimens with bristles in the region of the inflorescence, but many others did not have them. Moreover, the original description based on the type specimen only considered the leaf lobes to characterize A. amplissimum var. subpeltatum , as the presence of bristles may have raised doubts. Another important question is the geographic distribution of W. subpeltata , which overlaps the geographic distribution of W. amplissima . Based on all these considerations, we propose W. subpeltata as a synonym of W. hernandioides .

In the protologue of W. hernandioides , the type specimen is originally from Hispaniola (currently Caribbean) and has the initials H. P., which could refer to ‘Hortus parisiensis’ (A. Krapovickas, pers. comm.). However, no material was found in the Paris (P) collection. After consulting Herbarium G, where the type collection was most likely to be, Fryxell (2007a) lectotypified this species, citing L´Héritier’s plate in the protologue (P. Fryxell, pers. comm.).

Schumann (1891) considered Sida racemosa Vell. as a synonym of W. hernandioides . However, the Vellozo’s species is a nomen nudum, as it was not described. We accepted this as a synonym because the species illustration presented by Vellozo [1827(1831)] shows leaves with a cordate base and an absence of trichomes on branches.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Wissadula hernandioides (L´Hér.) Garcke. a. fertile branch. b. detail of branch. c. fruit. W. indivisa R.E.Fr. d. fertile branch. e. detail of branch. f. fruit. W. macrantha R.E.Fr. g. fertile branch. h. detail of branch. i. fruit. W. paraguariensis Chod. j. fertile branch. k. detail of branch. l. fruit. (a–c: Bovini 2567, RB; d–f: Gibbs 5304, UEC; g–i: Hatschbach 74963, MBM; j–l: Hatschbach 77168, CTES, MBM). Scale bars: a, d, g, j = 5 mm; b, c, e, f, h, I, k, l = 2 mm.