Sichuana cryptospina Shen & Yin, 2020

Yin, Zi-Xu, He, Zhu-Qing, Shen, Chu-Ze & Shen, Zi-Hao, 2020, A new genus with a new species of Shield-back Katydid, with comments on the phylogeny and diagnosis of the genus Kansua Uvarov and the tribe Drymadusini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae) from China, Zootaxa 4786 (3), pp. 369-380 : 373-377

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.3
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:75EC395B-6D93-4E6B-BCB1-178CC2E4F622
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C053BB0C-A88B-4FFD-A53A-3C1F5D5E57DF
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:C053BB0C-A88B-4FFD-A53A-3C1F5D5E57DF
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Sichuana cryptospina Shen & Yin
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Sichuana cryptospina Shen & Yin View in CoL sp. nov.

Figs. 2–7 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7

Description. Male. Body rather large. Head frons flat, slightly oblique ( Fig. 2I View FIGURE 2 ). Fastigium of vertex 1.3-1.5 times wider than the scape of antenna ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 HJ; Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 AC). Eyes broadly round and projecting outward. Disc of prozona with a broadly obtuse concavity on middle part of each side, anterior margin of pronotum slightly concaved and posterior margin blunt, median carina faintly indicated in prozona, absent in metazona, median sulcus distinctly “M”-shaped, lateral carina distinct in metazona, faintly indicated in prozona; lateral lobes longer than deep, with humeral sinus ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 GHJ; Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ; Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 A-D). Prosternum with a pair of slender and short spiniform processes ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ). Mesosternum with a pair of acute triangular lobe-shaped processes, nearly equal in length to width ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ). Metasternum with a pair of obtuse triangular lobe-shaped processes, broader than long ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ). Tegmina expanded, about twice as long as pronotum, with clear longitudinal and cross veins ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 GH; Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 FG; Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 AB). Dorsal plane the same width with the disc of metazona from basic part until the middle, then taper off distad ( Fig. 3F View FIGURE 3 ). Lateral plane broadened and deepened, deepest in one sixth of the apical area ( Fig. 3G View FIGURE 3 ). Costal veins weak and short, ended in the middle edges of the wings ( Fig. 3G View FIGURE 3 ). Subcostal vein and radius strong ( Fig. 3G View FIGURE 3 ). Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmina short, with about 24 stridulatory teeth which are widely-spaced arranged ( Fig. 4H View FIGURE 4 ). Mirror on right tegmina pentagonal, around 1.5 times longer than wide ( Fig. 4I View FIGURE 4 ). Hind wings rudimentary, longer than half of the pronotum ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ).

Dorsal surface of fore coxae with 1 long spine; fore femora slightly longer or 1.1-1.2 times longer than pronotum, dorsally unarmed, ventrally with 3-5 internal spinules, genicular lobes with 1 external spinule occasionally and 1-2 internal spinules; fore tibiae dorsally armed 3 external spines (one near basal; one middle and one apical) and internal unarmed, ventrally with 6 pair of spines, a pair at the apical. Middle femora dorsally unarmed, ventrally with 0-4 internal spinules and 1-4 external spinules, genicular lobes with 0-2 internal spinules and 1-2 external spinules; middle tibiae dorsally with 4 internal spines (one at apical) and 2 external spines, ventrally with 6 pair of spines, a pair at the apical. Hind femora dorsally unarmed, ventrally with 5-9 spinules on both side; hind tibiae dorsally with 21-30 spines on both side and 1 pair of apical spurs, ventrally with 5-12 spines on both sides and 2 pair of apical spurs. Tenth abdominal tergite with a pair of pileous round blunt lobes on posterior margin ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Cercus conical, strongly incurved at the middle, apices acute, basal area with a spiniform inner tooth placed which hide under tenth abdominal tergite ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 AC; Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 AB). Subgenital plate length longer than width, with lateral carinae, middle part of posterior margin with a deep triangular excision, styli slender and longer than excision ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ; Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Titillators with long apical portions bearing numerous denticles ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ).

Female. Tegmina slightly longer or shorter than pronotum, extending to the third abdominal tergum ( Fig. 2J View FIGURE 2 ; Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 CD). Hind wings micropterous, slightly shorter than those of males, longer than half of the pronotum ( Fig. 4F View FIGURE 4 ). Cercus conical and pileous ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ). Posterior margin of tenth abdominal tergum with a wide round projection, apical with a U-shaped notch ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ). Subgenital plate nearly trapezoid, wider than longer, middle of posterior margin with an angle concave ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 ). Ovipositor shorter than hind femora, slightly decurved at apical part ( Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ).

Coloration. Body generally brown and green ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 G-J; Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ). Frons and lower half of gena flesh-colored ( Fig. 2I View FIGURE 2 ). Upper half of compound eyes yellow ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 G-J). Labrum light orange ( Fig. 2I View FIGURE 2 ). Clypeus beige ( Fig. 2I View FIGURE 2 ). Apex of fastigium of vertex, upper half of gena, disk of pronotum and upper half of lateral lobe of pronotum brown ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 G-J). Lower half of lateral lobe of pronotum white ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 GJ). Dorsal plane of male tegmen brown, lateral part of male tegmen green with white longitudinal veins ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 GH; Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 FG). Female tegmen brown except green longitudinal veins of lateral part ( Fig. 2J View FIGURE 2 ). Ventral surface of thorax and abdomen green ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 CD). Dorsal abdominal tergum brown, with plenty of yellow dots. Cercus brown, with black apical ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 A-D). Legs dark brown, lower half of hind femora lateral green ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 G-J). Spines of each leg yellowish and apical part black ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 GI). Ovipositor brown ( Fig. 2J View FIGURE 2 ; Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ).

Measurements(mm). Body (from head to tip of abdomen): ♂ 22.76-25.65, ♀ 21.00-33.61; pronotum: ♂ 8.03- 8.05, ♀ 8.00-9.05; tegmina: ♂ 15.33-18.06, ♀ 7.77-8.75; mirror of right tegmina (from fore to hind): ♂ 3.10-3.20; hind wing: ♂ 6.40-7.00, ♀ 5.40-5.44; fore femora: ♂ 6.77-8.35, ♀ 9.32-9.74; median femora: ♂ 7.95-9.05, ♀ 9.70- 9.87; hind femora: ♂ 23.33-25.80, ♀ 28.80-30.45; fore tibiae: ♂ 8.24-9.90, ♀ 10.25-11.00; median tibiae: ♂ 8.52-9.65, ♀ 10.56-11.24; hind tibiae: ♂ 23.61-25.50, ♀ 28.00-30.78; ovipositor: 21.54-22.42.

Material examined. Holotype: ♂ (nymph), China, Sichuan Province, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture , Wenchuan County, Miansi town , Mianfeng (103°30’8.28”E, 31°21’56.46”N, alt. 1254m), 10-vi-2019, coll. Yin Zixu, emergence in vii-2019 GoogleMaps ; Paratypes: 1♂ 2♀ (nymphs), same data as in holotype GoogleMaps ; 1♂ (nymphs), China, Sichuan Province, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture , Wenchuan County, Miansi town , Wayaoping (103°29’0.81”E, 31°19’39.15”N, alt. 1438m), 8-vi-2019, coll. Yin Zixu GoogleMaps , emergence in vii-2019; 1♀ (nymphs), China, Sichuan Province, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture , Wenchuan County, Weizhou town , Wan (103°33’47.13”E, 31°27’38.97”N, alt. 1375m), 23-vi-2019, coll. Yin Zixu GoogleMaps , emergence in vi-2019.

Natural history. Sichuana cryptospina is univoltine. Hatchlings appear in April and become adults in early July, mate and lay their eggs into the soil several weeks later until dead in late August ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 DE). Nymphs are light grey or light orange ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 A-F). Adults become dark as nutbrown or testaceous ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 G-J). Disk of pronotum be- come flatter when they are in older instar ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Ovipositor of adults slightly longer than those of last instars ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 BDFJ). Nymphs were found preying on Bradybaena carphochroa (Möllendorff, 1899) in the wild ( Fig. 6C View FIGURE 6 ).

Etymology. The spiniform inner teeth on basal area of male cercus hides under the tenth abdominal tergite when they are alive. Crypto- means hidden, comes from the Greek word kruptós. Crypto+spina refers to the hidden spiniform inner teeth placed in basal area of male cercus.

Distribution. Sichuan, China. Known only from the type locality.

Songs. The adults make songs in the afternoon and at night. The calling song consisted of stereotyped trills ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 A-D). Trills are about 2.1- 3.5 s with 10-70 s interval. In each trill, there are about 70-110 chirps with rate as 33 chirps/s. The frequency of main peak is about 8.74 kHz ( Fig. 7D View FIGURE 7 ). The courtship song consisted of stereotyped trills ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 E-H). Trills are about 0.4- 0.7 s with 0.5- 0.7 s interval. In each trill, there are about 15-25 chirps with rate as 35 chirps/s. The frequency of main peak is about 8.06 kHz ( Fig. 7H View FIGURE 7 ). The parameters are listed in Tab. 2.