Fridericia japurensis (DC.) L. G. Lohmann

Kaehler, Miriam & Lohmann, Lúcia G., 2022, Taxonomic revisions in Fridericia (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) II: the “ Neomacfadya ” clade, Willdenowia 52 (2), pp. 247-271 : 257-260

5. Fridericia japurensis (DC.) L. G. Lohmann in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99: 439. 2014 ≡ Tabebuia japurensis DC., Prodr. 9: 214. 1845 ≡ Macfadyena japurensis (DC.) Miers in Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3: 200. 1863 ≡ Arrabidaea japurensis (DC.) Bureau & K. Schum., Fl. Bras. 8(2): 65. 1896 ≡ Scobinaria japurensis (DC.) Sandwith in Kew Bull. 13: 440. 1959 [“1958”]. – Lectotype (designated here): Amazonas, Rio Negro, Japurá, Dec 1819, C. F. P. von Martius 182 (M barcode M0086354!; isolectotype: G-DC barcode G00133910 [fragment] [image!]). – Fig. 4A–E, 5.

Notes — In the protologue of Tabebuia japurensis, Candolle (1845) indicated that the type was collected by Martius and deposited in M. However, there are two Martius gatherings in M, specimens M0086354 and M0086355. The date of collection of specimen M0086355 is January 1820, which is different from that provided in the protologue. The locality indicated on this specimen is “Rio Negro, sylvis ad Cataractas Cupatensis”. This place is located along the Caquetá River, which corresponds to the upper portion of the Japurá River in Colombia, close to the mountains Cupati and Arara-Coari (= Araracoara) ( Urban 1906: 82). We selected the specimen M0086354 as the lectotype because this is the only specimen whose information fully matches that presented in the protologue. This specimen also represents the most complete gathering. Because both specimens seem to have been collected at different localities, specimen M0086355 cannot be considered as an isolectotype.

= Arrabidaea oligantha Bureau & K. Schum., Fl. Bras. 8(2): 63. 1896 ≡ Fridericia oligantha (Bureau & K. Schum.) L. G. Lohmann in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99: 441. 2014, syn. nov. – Lectotype (designated as “ holotype ” by Lohmann in Lohmann & Taylor 2014: 441): Surinam [in Brasilia loco haud accuratis indicato], F. W. R Hostmann 1258 [G. Gardner 1258] (W

accession code W-002735!; isolectotypes: K barcode K000402693!, K barcode K000402695!, US accession code US-2338120 [image!] ).

Notes — Bureau & Schumann (1896) cited Gardner 1258 in the protologue of Arrabidaea oligantha without mentioning the herbarium or herbaria where the specimens of this gathering (i.e. syntypes) were deposited. We found a single specimen of Gardner 1258 in W (W-002735), but three other specimens of Hostmann 1258 were found in K and US (see below). When Gardner’s numbers were around 1258 he was at Alagoas ( Kew 2022) and Pernambuco States in Brazil ( National Museum of Natural History 2022), far away from the area where F. japurensis occurs. Indeed, the label information of the specimen in W is dubious. The first annotation is in German and indicates the country where the specimen was collected (“ Brasilien ”) as well as the collector “Gardener” [sic]. The second annotation, the number “1258”, was written by someone else in red ink. The third annotation corresponds to Schumann’s handwriting and includes the species name. We were able to find three additional exsiccates of various taxa in W ( Brunfelsia guianensis Benth. W-0066779, Erythroxylum citrifolium St. Hil. W-0018332 and Euphorbiaceae indet. W-0074673) with the same layout of the W-002735 printed label and including the first and second annotations with the same two handwritings and colour inks. In these three specimens, the collector’s name “Gardener” [sic] and “ Brasilien ” are crossed out in pencil and annotated in superscript as “Hostmann” and “ Surinam ”, respectively. We found the same handwriting of the number “1258” in red ink on the specimen in W and in black ink on the specimens K000402693, K000402695 and US-2338120, the last with an additional label indicating it was distributed from K. All of these specimens are identified or annotated as Hostmann’s gatherings. The William Hooker herbarium (later becoming K) received the first and best set of almost 2000 gatherings of F. W. R. Hostmann, most of which were annotated. However, Hostmann sent several duplicates to many other herbaria without annotations ( Pulle 1906). The herbarium at W received duplicates of Hostmann’s gatherings ( Naturhistorisches Museum Wien 2022). We believe the lack of annotations on sheets may have led to the mistake in the specimens in W, where the staff annotat- ed “Gardener” [sic] and “ Brasilien ” instead of “Hostmann” and “ Suriname ”. Given all this information, we correct the locality and collector of the syntypes. We also correct the typification made by Lohmann (in Lohmann & Taylor 2014), who indicated the specimen in W as the holotype. Because in the protologue there is no indication of the herbarium or herbaria where the syntypes were deposited, and there are three additional specimens of Hostmann 1258, we are correcting Lohmann’s use of the term “ holotype ” to lectotype (Art. 9.10, Turland & al. 2018).

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– “ Adenocalymma japurense ” Mart. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 203. 1845. Designation not validly published, pro syn. (Art. 36.1(b)).

“ Phryganocydia japurensis ” Mart. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 214. 1845. Designation not validly published, pro syn. (Art. 36.1(b)).

“ Fridericia japurensis ” (DC.) L. G. Lohmann, Cat. Pl. Fung. Brasil 1: 765. 2010. Designation not validly published (Art. 41.1).

“ Fridericia oligantha ” (Bureau & K. Schum) L. G. Lohmann, Cat. Pl. Fung. Brasil 1: 766. 2010. Designation not validly published (Art. 41.1).

Morphological description — Lianas, evergreen, up to 20 m high. Branches terete, striate and lenticellate, brown when dry, pubescent, with simple trichomes; with inconspicuous interpetiolar ridge, with interpetiolar glandular fields; prophylls of axillary buds triangular, apiculate, 1.7–3 mm long. Leaves 2-foliolate; petiole (1.1–) 1.4–2.8 cm long; petiolules with equal lengths, (1.1–)1.8–2(–2.7) cm, pubescent, with simple trichomes at canalicule or lepidote with glandular peltate trichomes; blade chartaceous, smooth, margin entire (sometimes revolute), lateral leaflets elliptic, 8.5–15.5 × (3.6–) 6–8.5 cm, base cuneate, obtuse, rounded or subcordate, apex acuminate, adaxially not vernicose, lepidote with peltate glandular trichomes and glabrous throughout (sometimes pubescent, with simple trichomes at veins), abaxially lepidote with peltate glandular trichomes and glabrous or pubescent, with simple and capitate glandular trichomes (sometimes pubescent only at veins), venation palmate actinodromous basal, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins raised, without pocket and with or without trichome tuft domatia. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, thyrsoid, with 1–3 orders, first-order peduncles 0.4–0.8 cm long, second-order 0.2–0.4 cm, third-order 0.15–0.25 cm, glabrescent, with simple trichomes; bracts linear, c. 3 mm long, caducous; bracteoles linear, 0.5–1.2 mm long, caducous; pedicels 0.3–0.4 cm long. Calyx tubular to narrowly obconic, not costate, irregularly split (sometimes bilabiate), 2–2.2 × 0.5– 0.7 cm, lepidote with glandular peltate trichomes, chartaceous, pink to dark red, with patelliform glandular trichomes evenly distributed. Corolla infundibular, furrowed, (3.5–) 4.3–6.9 cm long, 0.9–1.3(–1.6) cm wide at tube mouth, externally puberulous, without glands, lobes (0.8–)1.2–1.4 × 0.9–1.1 cm, margin rounded and undulate, white or pink to dark purple or vinaceous. Androecium with all stamens included; longer filaments 2–2.4 cm long, shorter filaments 1.5–1.8 cm; staminode 1.8–2 mm long; anthers 2.7–4 mm long, connectives not protruding. Gynoecium with ovary cylindric, 3.3–4 × 1–1.2 mm, smooth or angled, lepidote, style 2.6–3 cm long; stigma lanceolate or rhomboid; nectar disk annular and pulviniform under ovary, c. 1.7 × 3 mm. Fruit linear, flat, margins raised, central ridge slightly raised, valves woody, rough and sticky, 14–40(–52) × 1.5–2.1 cm, glabrous; septum coriaceous. Seeds elliptic, body elliptic, 1.1–1.3(–1.5) × 2–4(–4.4) cm, wings hyaline, 0.1– 0.25 cm wide, margins crisped.

Phenology — Produces flowers all year round. Fruits were collected from July to March.

Distribution and habitat — Fridericia japurensis is distributed in lowland Amazonia, low-altitude rainforests of the C and N Andes and in ecotone areas between forests and savannahs in Brazil, Guyana and Suriname. It is distributed through Bolivia (La Paz, Pando and Santa Cruz), Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará and Roraima), Colombia (Amazonas, Meta, Putumayo and Vaupés), Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Guayas and Pastaza), French Guiana (Cayenne and Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni), Guyana (East Berbice- Corentyne and Essequibo), Peru (Amazonas, Loreto and Madre de Dios), Suriname (Brokopondo and Para) and Venezuela (Amazonas).

Conservation status — Fridericia japurensis is categorized as Least Concern (LC) based on its Extent of Occurrence (5,711,454 km 2) and Area of Occupancy (162,500 km 2).

Remarks — Fridericia japurensis and F. schumanniana share many morphological features and a widely overlapping geographical distribution in W lowland Amazonia and the C Andes. Fridericia japurensis can be segregated by the densely lenticellate branches (vs lenticellate and striated branches in F. schumanniana ), tubular calyx (vs broadly obconic calyx in F. schumanniana ) and fruits narrower than 1.5 cm with hispid and sticky valves (vs fruits wider than 2 cm with verrucose valves in F. schumanniana ). Fridericia japurensis is also similar to F. craterophora in ecotone areas between Amazonia and the Cerrado (see discussion under F. craterophora ).

Here we synonymize Fridericia oligantha in F. japurensis , two names formerly included in the “ Arrabidaea japurensis ” complex ( Gentry 1977a). Because the protologue of A. oligantha was based on a single specimen that bears only two flowers and one incomplete leaf, the few-flowered inflorescences and white corollas have been considered as key features to separate F. oligantha from F. japurensis . Gentry (1977a) noted the similarity between these two species based on fruits and indicat- ed that intermediate morphologies might represent extremes of intraspecific variation. Indeed, a careful analysis of c. 100 flowering specimens indicated a full range of flower numbers and corolla colours that range from white (previously called F. oligantha ) to dark purple or vinaceous, passing through several shades of pink. This information, combined with molecular phylogenetic data ( Kaehler & al. 2019), has further supported Gentry’s hypothesis, leading us to treat F. oligantha and F. japurensis as a single taxon.