Fridericia schumanniana (Loes.) L. G. Lohmann

Kaehler, Miriam & Lohmann, Lúcia G., 2022, Taxonomic revisions in Fridericia (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) II: the “ Neomacfadya ” clade, Willdenowia 52 (2), pp. 247-271 : 264-266

9. Fridericia schumanniana (Loes.) L. G. Lohmann in

Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99: 444. 2014 ≡ Paragonia schumanniana Loes. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 130. 1896

[non Arrabidaea schumanniana Huber in Bol. Mus.

Goeldi Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 4: 606. 1906 = Bignonia binata

Thunb.]. – Holotype: Nicaragua, Matagalpa, near Cañada

Yasica, c. 800 m, Aug, E. Rothschuh 230 (B destroyed). –

Neotype (designated here): Mexico, Chiapas, Palenque ,

en los alrededores de la zona Arqueológica de Palenque,

a 9 km al Oeste de el Pueblo de Palenque, 16 Aug 1983,

E. F. Cabrera & H. de Cabrera 5301 (MEXU accession code MEXU-395494 [image!]; isoneotypes: MO accession code MO-3322271!, NY!). – Fig. 6D–F, 7.

Note — The types of Loesener were housed at B, where most of the Bignoniaceae types were destroyed during the II World War ( Hiepko 1987). We were not able to find any isotypes. Therefore, we selected as the neotype a specimen that perfectly matches the very detailed description provided in the protologue, including the two diagnostic features discussed in the protologue notes, i.e.

the conspicuous trichomes of the tuft domatia and the bilabiate calyx rim.

= Adenocalymma verrucosum Standl. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 323. 1929 ≡ Martinella verrucosa (Standl.) Standl. in Contr. Arnold Arbor. 5: 138. 1933 ≡ Scobinaria verrucosa (Standl.) Seibert in Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 522: 408. 1940 ≡ Arrabidaea verrucosa (Standl.) A. H. Gentry in Selbyana 2: 43. 1977. – Holotype: Honduras, Atlántida, near Tela, Dec 1927 – Mar 1928, P. C. Standley 54891 (F accession code F-584059!; isotypes: A barcode A00091823 [image!], G barcode G00008924 [image!], US barcode US 00125752!).

= Arrabidaea belizensis Standl. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 48. 1930. – Holotype: British Honduras, Middlesex, 4 Jul 1929, W. A. Schipp 284 (F accession code F-598217!; isotypes: BKL barcode BKL00000241 [image!], BM barcode BM000630907 [image!], EAP barcode EAP96947 [image!], K barcode K000449102!, MICH barcode MICH1115816 [image!], MO accession code MO-988641!, NY barcode NY00313080!, S accession code S04-3462!, UC barcode UC396570 [image!], US barcode US 00125711!).

= Scobinaria amethystina Dugand in Caldasia 7: 24. 1955. – Lectotype (designated here): Colombia, Depto. de BolÍvar , Ayapel, MontelÍbano, 23 May 1949, R. Romero-Castañeda 1735 (COL barcode COL000004387 [image!]; isolectotypes: COL barcode COL000004386 [image!], MEDEL barcode MEDEL000101 [image!]).

Note — In the protologue of Scobinaria amethystina, Dugand (1955) listed two specimens depos-

– ited in COL as types (32317 and 33652), demanding lectotypification. The specimen COL-33652 (COL000004387) bears a stamp “ holotype ” followed by Dugand’s handwriting. In turn, the specimen COL-32317 (COL000004386) bears a stamp “ isotype ”. Following Rec. 9A.3 of the Code ( Turland & al. 2018), we choose the specimen stamped with “ holotype ” as the lectotype.

“ Fridericia verrucosa ” (Standl.) L. G. Lohmann, Cat. Pl. Fung. Brasil 1: 766. 2010. Designation not validly published (Art. 41.1).

Morphological description — Lianas, evergreen, up to 30 m high. Branches terete, striate and lenticellate, brown or grey when dry, glabrescent to puberulous and lepidote; with or without interpetiolar ridge, with interpetiolar glandular fields; prophylls of axillary buds narrowly triangular, not apiculate, 0.8–2 mm long. Leaves 2-foliolate; petiole 1.8–4 cm long, lepidote with glandular peltate trichomes and pubescent, with simple trichomes only at canalicule; petiolules (1–) 1.9–4.2 cm long, pubescent, with simple trichomes; blade chartaceous to membranaceous, smooth margin entire to revolute, leaflets ovate or elliptic, 9–15(–19.5) × 5.4–9.5(–15.9) cm, base cuneate, rounded or subcordate, apex acuminate, adaxially not vernicose, glabrous throughout (sometimes glabrescent, with simple trichomes at veins), abaxially glabrous throughout (pubescent, with simple trichomes at midrib), venation palmate actinodromous basal or supra basal, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins flat, with a vestigial pocket (<1 mm) and trichome tuft domatia. Inflorescences axillary, thyrsoid with abortion of buds, with 2(or 3) orders, first-order peduncles 2.1–3.8 cm long, second-order 0.4– 1.5 cm, third-order 0.2–0.6 cm, puberulous or glabrescent, with simple trichomes; bracts narrowly triangular, 1–2.5 mm long, caducous or persistent; bracteoles linear, 0.8–1 mm long, persistent; pedicels 0.3–0.7 cm long. Calyx broadly obconic, not costate, irregularly split forming 5 lobes (sometimes bilabiate), 1.7–2.7 × 0.5–1.5 cm, glabrescent to pubescent, with simple and glandular peltate trichomes, chartaceous, yellowish green, with glandular areas close to rim. Corolla infundibular, strongly zygomorphic, furrowed, 3.6–6.9 cm long, 0.7–1.7 cm wide at tube mouth, externally puberulous, without glands, lobes 0.7–1.4 × 0.7–1.5 cm, margin rounded and undulate, pale pink to purple in lobes and outside, white inside. Androecium with all stamens included; longer filaments 1.7–2.2 cm long, shorter filaments 1.1–1.6 cm; staminode 1–3.6 mm long; anthers 3.3–5.4 mm long, connectives not protruding. Gynoecium with ovary cylindric, 3.8–4.7 × 1.1– 1.5 mm, furrowed or smooth, lepidote, style 1.8–2.8 cm long; stigma lanceolate; nectar disk annular and smooth under ovary, c. 2.1 × 2.5 mm. Fruit linear, flat or slightly inflate, margins slightly raised, central ridge not raised, valves woody, verrucose, (12–)28–45 × (1.3–) 2–2.9 cm, glabrous; septum coriaceous. Seeds oblong, body oblong, 1.2–1.8 × 3.6–4.9 cm, wings hyaline, c. 0.3 cm wide, margins entire.

Phenology — Produces flowers from March to December. Fruits were collected all year round.

Distribution and habitat — Fridericia schumanniana is found in wet forests of W lowland Amazonia and pre-montane forests from the C Andes all the way to Central America. It is distributed in Belize ( Belize, Cayo, Stann Creek and Toledo), Bolivia (Beni, La Paz and Santa Cruz), Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso and Rondônia), Colombia (Antioquia and Chocó), Costa Rica (Alajuela, Heredia, Limón, Puntarenas and San José), Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Los RÍos, Morona-Santiago, Orellana, Pastaza and Sucumbios), Guatemala (Izabal and Petén), Honduras (Atlântida), Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Tabasco and Veracruz), Nicaragua (Atlântico Norte, Jinotega, Managua and Matagalpa), Panama (Bocas del Toro, Canal Area, Chiquiri, Colón, Darién, Panamá and Veraguas), Peru (Amazonas, Huánuco, JunÍn, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco and Puno) and Venezuela (Apure and Zulia).

Conservation Status — Fridericia schumanniana is categorized as Least Concern (LC) based on its Extent of Occurrence (5,649,746 km 2) and Area of Occupancy (185,000 km 2).

Remarks — Fridericia schumanniana belongs to the Arrabidaea japurensis complex recognized by Gentry (1977a). Under his circumscription, A. verrucosa [= F. schumanniana ] is distributed through Central America and W South America. The vegetative material of F. schumanniana can be confused with F. japurensis and F. triplinervia due to the shared elliptic leaflets with actinodromous venation. However, F. schumanniana can be separated from these two species by having bark striate and sparsely lenticellate (vs not striate and densely lenticellate in F. triplinervia and F. japurensis ) and from F. japurensis based on other traits discussed under the remarks for that species. Fridericia schumanniana can be segregated from F. triplinervia by having calyx broadly obconic (vs tubular to narrowly obconic in F. triplinervia ), calyx rim usually forming 5 lobes, sometimes bilabiate (vs truncate or sometimes irregularly split in F. triplinervia ), corolla infundibular without a wide opening above the calyx (vs infundibular with a wide opening above the calyx in F. triplinervia ) and fruits woody and verrucose (vs coriaceous and smooth in F. triplinervia ).