Cacama collinaplaga, Sanborn, Allen F., Heath, Maxine S., Phillips, Polly K. & Heath, James E., 2011

Sanborn, Allen F., Heath, Maxine S., Phillips, Polly K. & Heath, James E., 2011, The genus Cacama Distant, 1904 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with the description of three new species, Zootaxa 2897, pp. 35-50 : 40-43

Cacama collinaplaga sp. n. Sanborn & M. Heath

( Fig. 2 )

Cacama dissimilis Davis 1930: 55 (misidentification). Cacama n. sp. 1 Sanborn and Phillips 1995: 481.

Etymology. The species name is a composition of collina (L. hilly) and plaga (L. country or region). The name is in reference to the known distribution of the species, the region of central Texas known as the hill country.

Type series. Holotype male: UNITED STATES: “ TEXAS, Mason Co. / 0.3 mi E of Grit TX 29 & US 377 / 24 June 2000 / A. Sanborn, coll. // Cacama sp. 3 4” ( FSCA). Paratypes: UNITED STATES: TEXAS: MASON Co.: four males and three females, same data as holotype except second label Cacama 3 1, Cacama Ƥ 1, Cacama 3 2, Cacama Ƥ 2, Cacama 3 3, Cacama Ƥ 3, Cacama 3 5 ( AFSC); two male, TX 29 9 mi. E of Mason, 30o44’06”N 99o 04’20”W, 27.vi.1996, A. Sanborn ( AFSC); one male and one female US 87.3 mi S of junction with Ranch Road 152, 25.vi.1991, A. Sanborn, Cacama recorded specimen ( AFSC). LLANO Co.: one male, FM 2141 and Co. 217, 30 o 51.71 N 98 o 28.82 W, 25.vi.1996, A. Sanborn, Cacama 6 ( AFSC), one male, same data except Cacama 4 ( AFSC), one male, same data except Cacama 8 ( AFSC), one male, same data except Cacama 2 ( AFSC), one male, same data except Cacama 11 ( MSHC); one male, same data except Cacama 10 ( MSHC), one male, FM 2141 and Co. 217, 30 o 51.71 N 98 o 28.82 W, 25.vi.1996, P. Phillips, Cacama 7 ( AFSC), one male, same data except Cacama 1 ( AFSC), one male, same data except Cacama 5 ( AFSC), one male, same data except Cacama 3 ( AFSC), one male, same data except Cacama 9 ( MSHC), one male same data except Cacama 12 ( MSHC); one male, FM 2141 and Co. 217, 30 o 51.71 N 98 o 28.82 W, 25.vi.1996, A. Sanborn, Cacama 13 ( MSHC); one female, FM 2141 and Co. 217, 30 o 51.71 N 98 o 28.82 W, 25.vi.1996, M.S. Heath, Cacama female ( MSHC); one male and one female, 3 mi W of Castell on Ranch Road 152, 25.vi.1991, A. Sanborn ( AFSC). MCCULLOCH Co.: three male and one female, 10 mi. S.E. of Brady on U.S. 377, 19.vi.1989, A. Sanborn P. Phillips, Cacama ( MSHC). KIMBLE Co.: one male, 13 ½ mi. SE of Junction on U.S. 377, 19.vi.1989, A. Sanborn P. Phillips, Cacama ( MSHC); one male, 1 mi. SE of Junction, 18.vi.1984, S.J. Hanselmann ( TAMU); one male, Junction, Hayes [sic] Co., 5.vii.1960, R.A. Schreibner, Cacama valvata (Uhler) Det. TEMoore 1998, CACAMA valvata retained from U. Minn. ( UMMZ). YOUNG Co.: one male, 5.5 mi. SW of Olney, 18.vi.1989, A. Sanborn, P. Phillips, Cacama valvata ? ( MSHC). REAGAN Co.: one male 2 mi. W of Big Lake, 25.vi.1994, J.E. & M.S. Heath, Ex: Opuntia , Cacama sp. ( MSHC). VAL VERDE Co.: four males, Seminole Canyon St. Pk, 22.vi.1983, J.E. & M.S. Heath, Ex: Opuntia , Cacama undescribed ( MSHC); one male, Seminole Canyon St. Pk, 22.vi.1983, J.E. & M.S. Heath, Ex: Opuntia , Cacama new species, Note: Specimen compared with type of C. dissimilis in BM - Does not match, MSH ( MSHC); BURNET Co.: two male “Burnet Co., 24.v.38 ( TAMU).

Description ( Fig. 2 ). Coloration. Ground color black with ochraceous markings ( Fig. 2 A).

Head ( Fig. 2 B). Head 0.84–0.85 as wide as mesonotum. Black except an ochraceous crescent-shaped mark from lateral ocellus to posterior margin of head to level of paramedian fissure of prothorax and the ochraceous anterior suture of supra-antennal plate and vertex extending ventrally to surround black antennae. Head dorsally with fine golden pile. Long silvery pile posterior to eye. Medial part of gena ochraceous. Lorum black. Ventral side of head covered with long white pile, short golden pile and white, waxy pubescence. Postclypeus with ochraceous spot along frontoclypeal suture and ochraceous, medial elongate spot on apex. Lateral part of posterior three transverse grooves and ridges ochraceous. Transverse castaneous band across middle five transverse grooves and ridges of ventral postclypeus. Anteclypeus black except ochraceous medioproximal half of midline. Rostrum castaneous, tip piceous barely reaching anterior hind coxae.

Thorax ( Fig. 2 B). Pronotum with comma-shaped mark curving laterad from lateral fissure toward lateral part of ambient fissure and a small ochraceous spot at level of comma-shaped mark on lateral part of pronotal collar. Ochraceous spot anterior to pronotal collar and medial to posterior end of lateral fissure. Castaneous mark in anterior part of paramedial fissure. Pronotum covered with fine golden pile, thicker in fissures and on lateral angle of pronotal collar. Mesonotum with ochraceous line along parapsidal suture. Ochraceous spots posterior to lateral sigilla and lateral to anterior arm of cruciform elevation. Cruciform elevation black with ochraceous mark extending anteriorly from in front of the posterior margin curving along lateral portion of the X to the middle of the anterior arm where it turns anterad, widens and terminates in the depression between the anterior arms. Some thoracic markings described here do not appear in all paratypes. Wing groove margin castaneous. Lateral mesonotum with three elongated, waxy, white pruinose spots. Fine golden pile dorsally, thicker and longer posteriorly and laterally. White pruinose spot medially along wing groove with thick, golden pile posteriorly. Ventral surface with thick, white, waxy pubescence. Anepisternum ochraceous except black lateral point. Basisternum ochraceous with castaneous anterior medial quarter. Katepisternum 2, trochantin 2, meron 2 and katepimeron 2 black. Epimeron 2 black with ochraceous medial border. Epimeral lobe castaneous anteriorly, ochraceous posteriorly. Episternum 3 black, ochraceous laterally.

Legs. Castaneous marked with ochraceous and black. Coxae ochraceous with castaneous strip anteriorly, black laterally. Fore and middle trochanters castaneous with ochraceous base, hind trochanter castaneous. Femora with tawny stripe, ochraceous distally. Fore femora with primary spine angled, secondary spine upright, castaneous with tawny central region. Tibiae ochraceous proximally, hind tibia tawny posteriorly. Tibial spurs castaneous. Tarsi and claws castaneous but middle pretarsus tawny proximally, hind mesotarsus and proximal pretarsus tawny. Tips of claws black. Legs with waxy, white pubescence between coxae and proximal tibia.

Forewings and hind wings ( Fig. 2 A). Forewing hyaline with eight apical cells, infuscation on radial and radiomedial crossveins at bases of second and third apical cells. Basal portion of clavus black. Basal cell with tawny anterior border, anterior half and proximally fuscous. Venation ochraceous proximally, darkening beyond node to black ambient vein. Radius and subcostal vein black to node, subcostal vein black. Small black mark at junction of median and radius posterior veins. Forewing base black, membrane gray marked with orange. Hind wings hyaline with five apical cells. Venation black except ochraceous middle portion of radius posterior, cubitus anterior, cubitus anterior 1, cubitus anterior 2 and anal vein 1. Proximal portion of cubital cells 1 and 2 black. Anal cell 3, proximal anal cell 2, anal cell 2 along anal vein 3, anal cell 1 and 2 along anal vein 2, cubital cell 2 posterior to cubitus posterior vein, and radial and costal cells along proximal radius posterior vein gray. Anal cell 3 orange at base.

Operculum ( Figs. 2 D and 2E). Male operculum fuscous anteriorly, ochraceous posteriorly, reaching to sternite II, or to anterior margin of sternite III in some paratypes. Medial borders overlap, posterior border rounded. Female operculum ochraceous, fuscous laterally. Lateral surface angled medially to sternite II, posterior border transverse with central indentation, medial border rounded to meracanthus. Operculum covered with white, waxy pubescence, thicker anteriorly and laterally. Meracanthus ochraceous with black base.

Abdomen ( Figs. 2 A and 2C). Dorsal side of abdomen black but following parts ochraceous: tergite 1, anterior medial part of tergite 2, thin mark on posterior medial tergite 2 and anterior portion of medial tergite 3, together giving the impression of two transverse lines dorsally. Timbal cover black, completely concealing timbal. Fine golden pile on dorsal side. The following parts have a white, waxy pubescence: junction of timbal cover and lateral tergite 1, medial band on tergite 1, lateral quarter of timbal cover and tergite 2, lateral third of tergite 3 continuing posteriorly onto lateral part of tergite 4, small spot on lateral tergite 7 and anteriolateral surfaces of tergite 8. Pubescence continuous along lateral tergites in some paratypes and missing on lateral tergite 2 of some female paratypes. Tergite 8 ochraceous except black medial posterior spot and posterior border. Sternite II black, black with ochracous hind margin in some female paratypes, remaining sternites ochraceous except sternite VII with fuscous spot on either side of posterior part of midline and the fuscous posterior and lateral parts of sternite VIII. Epipleurites ochraceous medially, darkening to black laterally, epipleurite VII completely ochraceous in some female paratypes. Ventral side of abdomen covered with white pruinose wax.

Male genitalia ( Figs. 2 F and 2G). Pygofer castaneous, black on dorsal midline and along posterior margin to pygofer upper lobe. Dorsal beak slightly longer than anal styles. Pygofer basal lobes pointed, adpressed against posterior pygofer. Uncus short, slightly curved ventrally at apex, ovoid with terminal notch in dorsal view. Aedeagus castaneous.

Female genitalia ( Figs. 2 H and 2I). Abdominal segment 9 castaneous, black medially along posterior margin including dorsal beak with white pruinose wax laterally. Sternite VII ochraceous with large castaneous spot on either side of midline, median notch posteriorly. Ovipositor castaneous except black gonopophysis IX and X and ovipositor sheath. Ovipositor sheath extends to level of anal styles.

Measurements (mm). N = 20, 15 males; 5 females, mean (range). Length of body: males 27.9 (25.4–29.6), females 28.0 (26.8–28.6); length of forewing: males 35.6 (33.9–36.8), females 36.9 (36.1–37.9); width of forewing: males 12.9 (12.3–13.6), females 13.6 (13.3–13.9); length of head: males 4.3 (3.8–5.1), females 4.9 (4.7–5.1); width of head including eyes: males 9.3 (8.6–9.8), females 9.6 (9.1–9.8); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: males 12.8 (12.0–13.4), females 13.0 (12.4–13.8); width of mesonotum: males 11.0 (10.4–11.7), females 11.3 (10.8–11.9).

Diagnosis. Cacama collinaplaga sp. n. can be distinguished from C. californica , C. crepitans , C. dissimilis , and C. variegata by the lack of red or orange at the base of the forewings and hind wings. Cacama pygmaea sp. n. is a much smaller species (male body length 18 mm vs 28 mm). For those C. californica specimens that have faded coloration at the base of the wings, the opercula in C. californica are orange but primarily black in C. collinaplaga sp. n. The presence of mesonotal markings separates C. collinaplaga sp. n. from some C. carbonaria and C. maura ; more heavily marked C. carbonaria can be distinguished by the coloration on the posterior margin of the pronotal collar and possible coloration on the disc of the pronotum and mesothorax (there are variable thoracic markings in specimens of C. carbonaria ). Cacama furcata is distinguished from C. collinaplaga sp. n. by the opaque basal cell and ochraceous posterior margins of the abdominal tergites. The primarily black opercula and reduced mesothoracic markings of C. collinaplaga sp. n. distinguish it from C. moorei sp. n. which has orange opercula and more mesothoracic markings. The incomplete lateral mesothoracic pruinosity, thinly defined parapsidal suture, pronotal markings lateral to the midline and the lateral margin of the pronotal collar extending to the anterior margin of the pronotum separate C. collinaplaga sp. n. from C. valvata . The rostrum not reaching beyond the posterior of sternite I distinguish C. collinaplaga sp. n. from C. longirostris .

Biological notes. Cacama collinaplaga sp. n. is found in the hill country of central Texas and is associated with Opuntia . The species will call from multiple other plants, as C. moorei sp. n. and C. valvata will also do. Several specimens were collected from the outer branches of mesquite ( Prosopis spp.). Cacama collinaplaga sp. n. will generally sing more than one call from a single perch before flying to a new perch which, unlike C. moorei sp. n. or C. valvata , are often only short distances (3 m) from the previous perch. This behavior contrasts with C. valvata that produces a single call and then flies greater distances (generally 20–30 m) to its next perch when fully active (multiple songs are produced from a single perch only early in the morning when C. valvata first becomes active or when windy and cool). Specimens of C. collinaplaga are sp. n. known to emerge between mid and late June.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Cacama collinaplaga Sanborn and Heath sp. n. (A) Holotype male and paratype female habitus. (B) Holotype male dorsum. (C) Holotype male timbal cover. (D) Paratype male operculum. (E) Paratype female operculum. (F) Paratype male lateral view of genitalia. (G) Paratype male posterior view of genitalia. (H) Paratype female lateral view of genitalia. (I) Paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale for A = 2 cm, B – E = 2 mm, and F – H = 1 mm.