Agraphydrus puzhelongi ( Jia, 2010 )

Komarek, Albrecht & Hebauer, Franz, 2018, Taxonomic revision of Agraphydrus Régimbart, 1903 I. China and Taiwan (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae), Zootaxa 4452 (1), pp. 1-101 : 52-65

Agraphydrus puzhelongi ( Jia, 2010)

(Figs. 35, 113, 155)

Megagraphydrus puzhelongi Jia, 2010: 65 .

Agraphydrus puzhelongi ( Jia, 2010) ; Minoshima et al. 2015: 30 ff.

Type locality. China, Jiangxi Prov., Shangrao Pref., Sanqing Shan, Upper Xinjiang River.

Type material examined. Holotype Ƌ ( ZUG) not examined: China, Jiangxi Province, Shangrao, Sanqingshan mountain, Upper Xinjiang river, 15.XIII.2006, leg. Fenglong Jia (Jia 2010). Paratypes examined: 2 exs. ( ZUG): Jiangxi Province, Shangrao, Sanqing Mountain, 15.̄ 20.IV.2007, leg. Fenglong Jia [labels in Chinese, translated by Si-Pei Liu].

Additional material examined: CHINA: Guizhou: 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ ( EUM): Fanjingshan, 8.IX.1999, M. Satô.

Differential diagnosis. Characterized by presence of six rows of very distinct, coarse elytral punctures reaching anterior margin, in contrast to A. decipiens , A. fikaceki , A. luteilateralis , A. malayanus , and A. thaiensis (with four rows of very coarse systematic punctures). It differs from these species also by slender, cylindrical body shape with parallel-sided elytra, presence of microsculpture on anterior clypeal margin, apical infuscation on maxillary palpomere 4, and features of aedeagus (basal lobe longer than parameres).

Description. Total length: 2.8 mm; elytral width: 1.3 mm; E.I.: 1.4, P.I.: 2.0, elytra 2.9× as long as pronotum: Habitus slender, elytra parallel-shaped, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum, clypeus and frons black; maxillary palpi yellow, palpomere 4 apically infuscated; pronotum and elytra black; ventrites black; legs dark brown.

Head. Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 3.3, lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 2.8; clypeus narrowly microretulated at lateral and anterior margins; ground punctures moderately coarse, strongly impressed, interspaces as wide as punctures, systematic punctures very distinct. Eyes small, not protruding, oblong-oval. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi slender, 1.4× as long as pronotum in midline, 1.3× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.2, palpomere 4 almost symmetrical. Mentum with irregular punctures, densely distributed in lateral parts, partly confluent.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures very distinct. Elytral ground punctation as on head and pronotum; very coarse, strongly impressed punctures present, arranged in six rows, series 1 consisting of few punctures antero-mesally, series 2̄5 present on entire length reaching anterior margin, series 6 present along lateral margin. Mesoventrite with mesal bulge, sloping posteriorly, forming crescentic horizontal ridge and low median carina posterior to ridge.

Legs (Fig. 113). Pubescence present on proximal half of profemur, on proximal 2/3 of meso- and metafemur; hairlines slightly oblique on pro-and mesofemur, straight on metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with distinct semicircular apical emargination.

Aedeagus (Fig. 155). Length: 0.43 mm. Phallobase distinctly longer than parameres, longer than wide; margins bending with obtuse angle towards distinctly delimited, spine-like manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face indistinct, almost reaching midlength in midline. Parameres stout, short, wide at base and apex; lateral margin with slight subapical constriction, mesal margin very weakly curved; apex blunt, flattened, slightly asymmetrical, inclining laterad; ventral portion of dorsal face not extending into phallobase; ventral face shorter than dorsal face. Median lobe wide at base, margins evenly curving apicad, apex reaching apex of parameres; dorsal face pointed apically; ventral face with bluntly rounded apex; corona located in distal third; basal apophyses moderately short, strongly inclining laterad, indistinctly extending into phallobase.

Ecology. Collected at sandy bank of large river ( Jia 2010).

Distribution. China (Guizhou, Jiangxi).

Agraphydrus reductus sp. n.

(Figs. 36, 62, 114, 156)

Type locality. China, Yünnan Prov., Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Town , ca. 10 km NW Menglun, Wushiwu He River ( CWBS 359 ).

Type material. Holotype ♂ ( CASS): “ CHINA: Yünnan, Xishuangbanna \ ca. 10 km NW Menglun \ 7.1.1999, ca. 700 m \ leg. Jäch et al. ( CWBS 359 )” . Paratype: 1 ♂ (NMW): same sampling data.

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with anteriorly abbreviated mesal rows of elytral systematic punctures, absence of clypeal microsculpture, and reduced metafemoral pubescence, together with A. calvus , A. geminus , A. indicus , and A. longipalpus . It shares absence of apical infuscation on maxillary palpomere 4 with A. longipalpus , A. geminus , and some individuals of A. calvus ; absence of emargination on abdominal ventrite 5 with A. calvus , A. indicus and A. geminus ; comparatively small eyes with A. calvus and A. geminus ; low, crescentic elevation on mesoventrite with A. geminus . It differs from all species by larger extension of metafemoral pubescence (present on almost proximal half), smaller body size (except some small individuals of A. indicus which may reach a body length of 1.7 mm), and by features of aedeagus (parameres stout, wide, with almost straight margins, phallobase as long as parameres, corona located distal to midlength).

Description. Total length: 1.5̄ 1.7 mm; elytral width: 0.9 mm; E.I.: 1.2, P.I.: 2.2̄2.3, elytra 2.9× as long as pronotum. Habitus broad, elytra slightly attenuating towards apex, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum, clypeus, and frons blackish brown with indistinct, undefined yellow clypeal margins; distinct preocular patches absent; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum dark brown with undefined yellow anterior and lateral margins; elytra blackish brown; ventrites dark brown; legs lighter brown.

Head (Fig. 62). Clypeus weakly excised anteriorly; C.I.: 4.0, lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 2.2; microsculpture absent; ground punctures very fine, interspaces 2̄3× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures indistinct. Eyes moderately small, not protruding, oblong. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Maxillary palpi stout, as long as pronotum in midline, 0.8× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.4̄1.5, palpomere 4 symmetrical. Mentum with some fine punctures on lateral portion, without microsculpture.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation fine, stronger than on head and pronotum, interspaces as wide as punctures; two rows of indistinct systematic punctures visible, consisting of few, very widely spaced punctures. Mesoventrite with a very low, crescentic, horizontal ridge.

Legs (Fig. 114). Pubescence present on slightly less than proximal half of profemur with straight hairline, on slightly more than proximal half of mesofemur, on less than proximal half of metafemur with straight to slightly concave hairline.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 without apical emargination.

Aedeagus (Fig. 156). Length: 0.21 mm. Phallobase slightly longer than parameres; margins strongly bending to triangular, sharply pointed, short manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face almost reaching manubrium in midline. Parameres wide at base and apex; lateral margins almost straight, mesal margins abruptly narrowing in distal third; apex broadly rounded, not inflated; basal portion of dorsal face reaching distal third of phallobase. Median lobe moderately wide basally, slightly narrowing apicad; apex bluntly rounded, with small apical indentation, almost reaching apex of parameres; corona located distally to midlength; basal apophyses moderately long, inclining laterad, extending to distal fourth of phallobase.

Ecology. Collected at 700 m a.s.l. in river flowing through primary forest.

Distribution. China (Yünnan).

Etymology. reductus (Lat.) = reduced. The name refers to the reduced metafemoral pubescence.

Agraphydrus reticuliceps sp. n.

(Figs. 37, 63, 115, 157)

Type locality. China, Hunan Prov., Zhangjiajie Pref., Wulingyuan, N Dayong City, Suoxiyu Nature Reserve ( CWBS 25 ).

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( CASS): “ CHINA, NW-Hunan 1993 \ Wulingyuan, N Dayong \ Suoxiyu, 31.10., 450 m \ leg. L. Ji (6)”. Paratypes: CHINA: Hunan: 27 exs. ( NMW): same sampling data; 7 exs. ( NMW): same

locality data, leg. Schönmann “6”; 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (NMW): same locality data, leg. Schillhammer “6”; 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ ( NMW): NW Hunan, Wulingyuan, N Dayong, Zangjiajie , 29.X. 1993, 650 m a.s.l. , leg. H. Schillhammer “1”; 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ (NMW): same locality data, but “leg. H. Schönmann (1)”; 2 ƋƋ, 1 ♀ ( NMW) : same locality data, but “ 30.X. 1993, 500 m a.s.l. , leg. H. Schillhammer (3)”; 19 exs. ( NMW): same locality data, but “ 30.X. 1993, 500 m a.s.l. , leg. L. Ji (3)”; 1 ♀ ( NMW): same locality data, but “ 29.X. 1993, 650 m a.s.l. , leg. L. Ji (2)”; Guizhou: 1 Ƌ ( NMW): CWBS 441 ; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 445; Hubei: 3 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 546 .

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with almost entirely microsculptured clypeus and unicolored maxillary palpomeres, together with A. arduus , A. connexus , A. gracilipalpis , A. igneus , A. orientalis , A. schoenmanni , and some individuals of A. umbrosus . It differs from A. orientalis by nine-segmented antennae and features of aedeagus. It shares moderately coarse pronotal and elytral ground punctation with A. gracilipalpis in contrast to fine punctation in A. arduus , A. connexus , A. igneus , and A. schoenmanni . It differs by larger size (more than 2.3 mm long) from A. connexus , A. schoenmanni and A. igneus (with total length less than 2.3 mm); by parallel-shaped elytra from A. gracilipalpis (with attenuating elytra), A. arduus , connexus , and A. igneus (with evenly curved elytra); from A. gracilipalpis also by slightly larger eyes; from A. arduus and A. igneus by absence of microsculpture on anterolateral angles of pronotum.

Description. Total length: 2.4̄ 2.8 mm; elytral width: 1.1̄ 1.3 mm; E.I.: 1.3̄1.4, P.I.: 2.2̄2.3, elytra 3.1̄3.2× as long as pronotum. Habitus moderately broad, elytra parallel-sided, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum, clypeus and frons black; clypeus with narrow, undelimited yellowish preocular patches; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum and elytra black with indistinct, undefined yellow lateral margins; ventrites and legs dark brown to black, distal portion of femora and tibia lighter brown.

Head (Fig. 63). Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 4.0, lateral length ratio clypeus/ eyes = 2.0̄2.2; clypeus almost entirely microreticulated, but microsculpture absent from a small postero-mesal area; ground punctures moderate, interspaces 1̄2× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures moderately distinct. Eyes moderately sized, not protruding, oblong. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi slender, 1.1̄1.2× as long as pronotum in midline, 1.0̄1.2× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.4̄1.6, palpomere 4 almost symmetrical. Mentum with some coarse punctures, microsculpture present on lateral portions.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation as on head and pronotum; systematic punctures distinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows with strongly reduced number of punctures, not reaching anterior margin, additional irregular series of coarse punctures present along lateral margin. Mesoventrite with strong mesal bulge.

Legs (Fig. 115). Pubescence present on proximal 2/3 of profemur, on proximal 3/4 of meso- and metafemur; hairline oblique on pro- and mesofemur, curved on metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with shallow apical emargination, 10̄15 µm deep.

Aedeagus (Fig. 157). Length: 0.33̄ 0.35 mm. Phallobase shorter than parameres, slightly longer than wide; margins distinctly bending towards wide, triangular manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face reaching proximal third in midline. Parameres narrow; margins almost straight, parallelsided; apex evenly rounded, slightly widening laterad; basal portion of dorsal face reaching almost halflength of phallobase in midline; ventral face distinctly wider than dorsal face, right and left lobe meeting in midline. Median lobe wide at base; margins weakly curved, distinctly narrowing to apical portion, with subapical constriction; apex bluntly rounded, slightly inflated, not reaching apex of parameres, ventral face slightly wider than dorsal face; corona large, located in basal third; basal apophyses moderately long, inclining laterad, extending to almost halflength of phallobase.

Ecology. Collected between 650 and 750 m a.s.l. in streams with cliffs, boulders and gravel, flowing through secondary forest, agricultural area, and terrassed valley.

Distribution. China (Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan).

Etymology. reticulosus (Lat.) = reticulate; - ceps (Lat. from caput) = head. The name refers to the strong reticulation of the clypeus. It is used as derived adjective.

Agraphydrus robustus sp. n.

(Figs. 38, 116, 158)

Type locality. China, Yünnan Prov., Simao Pref., 54 km SW Simao, Jian Shan River ( CWBS 387 ).

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( CASS): “ CHINA: Yünnan, Simao pref. \ 54 km SW Simao, Jian Shan riv. \ 15.11.1999, ca. 1000 m \ Schönmann & Wang ( CWBS 387 )” . Paratypes: CHINA: Yünnan: 5 exs.( NMW): same sampling data; 3 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 360 ; 4 exs. (NMW): CWBS 361; 16 exs. (NMW): CWBS 369; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 377; 2 exs. (NMW): CWBS 388; 4 exs. (NMW): CWBS 393; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 394; 1 ex. (NMW): CWBS 396; 1 Ƌ ( CSH): S-Yünnan, Xishuangbanna, 20 km NW Jinghong, Man Dan “ NNNR ”, 22°07'80''N 100°40'05'', 720 m a.s.l., 23.V.2008, leg. A. Weigel “LF”; Guangdong: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ ( NMW): CWBS 494 .

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with apically infuscated maxillary palpomere 4 and absence of clypeal microsculpture, together with A. coomani , A. comes , A. confusus , A. ishiharai , and A. jilanzhui (see also Remarks under A. coomani ). It shares slightly coarser dorsal punctation and presence of lateral extension of parameres with A. jilanzhui , differing by yellow pronotum with narrow, weakly delimited mesal infuscation (versus black pronotum with very narrow yellow margins in A. jilanzhui ). Similar aedeagus is also present in A. ishiharai (apex of median lobe reaching apex of parameres), but with differently shaped apex of parameres.

Description. Total length: 2.1̄ 2.5 mm; elytral width: 1.0̄ 1.2 mm; E.I.: 1.4, P.I.: 2.0̄2.2, elytra 3.2̄3.3× as long as pronotum. Habitus slender, elytra slightly widening posterior to midlength, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum black; clypeus black with yellow preocular patches, as large as eye or larger; frons black; maxillary palpi yellow, palpomere 4 distinctly infuscated apically; pronotum yellow with distinct mesal infuscation, weakly delimited, reaching level of mesal margin of eyes or smaller; elytra yellow with indistinct, weakly defined darker areas; ventrites black; legs yellow.

Head. Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 3.5, lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 1.9̄2.0; microsculpture absent; ground punctures coarse, distinctly impressed, interspaces 1̄2× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures distinct. Eyes large, but not protruding, slightly oblong. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi slender, 1.1̄1.3× as long as pronotum in midline, 0.9̄1.0× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.2̄1.3, palpomere 4 asymmetrical. Mentum with few, very fine punctures.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation as strong as on head and pronotum, interspaces about as wide as punctures; systematic punctures moderately distinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows with strongly reduced number of punctures, not reaching anterior margin. Mesoventrite with mesal bulge.

Legs (Fig. 116). Pubescence present on more than proximal half of profemur, on proximal 3/4 of meso- and metafemur; hairline very weakly oblique on pro- and mesofemur, curved on metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with shallow apical emargination.

Aedeagus (Fig. 158). Length: 0.45̄ 0.50 mm. Phallobase about as long as parameres, distinctly longer than wide; margins evenly curving towards weakly delimited manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face almost reaching manubrium in midline. Parameres moderately narrow; margins sigmoid, with subapical constriction laterally; apex obliquely flattened, with large, sharp, beak-shaped lateral extension and short, sharp mesal angle; base of dorsal face weakly extending into phallobase; ventral face shorter than dorsal face. Median lobe narrow; dorsal face bottle-shaped with bluntly rounded apex, not reaching apex of parameres; pair of styli present, indistinct, arising from basis of median lobe; corona in apical position; basal apophyses moderately long, weakly extending into phallobase.

Remarks. Specimens from Yünnan differ from specimens from Guangdong by smaller size of the aedeagus.

Ecology. Collected between 460 and 1050 m a.s.l.; in streams flowing through agricultural land, primary and degraded forests; in residual pools; in the upwelling of a karst river; among large boulders, gravel, sand, very fine sediment and plant debris.

Distribution. China (Guangdong, Yünnan).

Etymology. robustus (Lat.) = strong. The name refers to the strong dorsal punctation.

Agraphydrus schoenmanni sp. n.

(Figs. 39, 117, 159)

Type locality. China, Yünnan Prov., Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Town , near Mangmo Village , road Menglun–Ganlanba , ca. 15 km W Menglun ( CWBS 354 ).

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( CASS): “ CHINA: Yünnan, Xishuangbanna, ca. 15 km W Menglun , 5.11.1999, ca. 700–800 m, leg. Jäch et al. ( CWBS 354 )” . Paratypes: CHINA: Yünnan: 2 ƋƋ, 5 E ( NMW): same sampling data ; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (NMW): CWBS 358; 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 360; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 369; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 377; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 378; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 379; 8 ƋƋ, 21 ♀♀ (NMW): CWBS 408; 2 ♀♀ (NMW): CWBS 388; 7 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀ (NMW): CWBS 390; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 392; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 393; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 397.

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with completely microsculptured clypeus and unicolored maxillary palpomeres, together with A. arduus , A. connexus , A. gracilipalpis , A. igneus , A. orientalis , A. reticuliceps , and some specimens of A. umbrosus . It differs from A. orientalis by nine-segmented antennae and features of aedeagus. It differs from A. gracilipalpis and A. reticuliceps by minor size (body length 1.8̄ 2.3 mm, versus 2.4̄ 2.5 mm in A. gracilipalpis and 2.4̄ 2.8 mm in A. reticuliceps ), finer pronotal and elytral ground punctation, and evenly oval body (versus slightly attenuating elytra in A. gracilipalpis and parallel-shaped elytra in A. reticuliceps ). It shares evenly oval body with A. arduus , A. connexus , and A. igneus . It differs from A. arduus and A. igneus by absence of chagrination on antero-lateral margin of pronotum. Aedeagus very similar to aedeagus of A. gracilipalpis and A. umbrosus (parameres with subapical constriction and apical extension). It differs from these species by shape of parameres (lateral margins distinctly curving) and position of corona in midlength of median lobe (in contrast to basal position in A. gracilipalpis and A. umbrosus ).

Description. Total length: 1.8̄ 2.3 mm; elytral width: 0.8̄ 1.1 mm; E.I.: 1.3̄1.4, P.I.: 2.1, elytra 2.8̄3.0× as long as pronotum. Habitus moderately broad, evenly oval, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum and clypeus dark brown to black; clypeus with yellow preocular patches, about as wide as eye; frons black; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum with wide yellow lateral portions and narrow yellow anterior rim, and with large, oval, undefined, central dark brown to black patch, broadly contacting posterior margin, variably extending laterad; elytra with large light brown central area, yellow lateral margins, black sublateral band, wider anteriorly than in posterior half in most individuals, and with black or dark brown sutural area; ventrites black; legs dark brown. Individuals with unicolored dark brown to black head, pronotum and elytra occur.

Head. Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 3.3̄3.5, lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 1.4̄1.8; clypeus with distinct microreticulation, rarely absent from a small postero-mesal area, also present on anterior portion of frons in many cases; ground punctures on clypeus obsolete, on frons very fine, weakly impressed, interspaces 2̄4× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures distinct. Eyes large, slightly protruding, slightly oblong. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi slender, 1.1̄1.2× as long as pronotum in midline, 0.9× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.3̄1.5, palpomere 4 almost symmetrical. Mentum with fine, evenly distributed punctures, microsculpture present antero-laterally.

Thorax. Pronotum without microsculpture, ground punctation very fine; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation as on pronotum; systematic punctures moderately distinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows 1̄3 composed of few punctures in posterior half of elytra. Mesoventrite with distinct median bulge.

Legs (Fig. 117). Pubescence present on proximal 2/3 of profemur, on proximal 3/4 of meso- and metafemur; hairlines oblique on profemur, straight to slightly curved on meso- and metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with almost semicircular emargination, 10̄12 µm deep.

Aedeagus (Fig. 159). Length: 0.25̄ 0.28 mm. Phallobase about as long as parameres or slightly shorter, as long as wide; margins distinctly bending towards distinctly delimited, triangular manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face reaching basal third in midline. Parameres wide; lateral margins distinctly sigmoid with strong subapical constriction; mesal margins of dorsal face almost straight; apex delicate, flattened, with distinct, blunt lateral extension; basal portion of dorsal face reaching halflength of phallobase mesally; ventral face wider and shorter than dorsal face. Median lobe narrow; ventral face delicate with blunt apex, reaching apex of parameres; dorsal face subdivided into narrowly separated left and right half, shorter than ventral face; corona located distal to midlength; basal apophyses short, narrowly separated, extending to halflength of phallobase.

Ecology. Collected between 500 and 1500 m a.s.l.; in streams flowing through shrubs, cultivated land, primary and degraded forests, with rocks, cobbles, gravel, debris, sinter, seepages; in residual pools; in strongly insolated stream with waterfalls, moss, and small pools with leaves.

Distribution. China (Yünnan).

Etymology. This species is dedicated to Heinrich Schönmann † (NMW), co-founder of the “ China Water Beetle Survey”. He collected numerous species of Agraphydrus during his visits to China (1993–2004).

Agraphydrus setifer sp. n.

(Figs. 40, 118, 160)

Type locality. Vietnam, Lào Cai Prov., Cat Cat, near Sa Pa , 22°19'43"N 103°50'E.

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( MTD): “N VIETNAM, Prov. Lao Cai \ Cat Cat, nr. Sa Pa , 1300̄\ 1400 m, N22°19'43" \ E103°50'; 25.̄ 26.V.1999, leg. Ahrens, Jäger, Fabrizi ”. Paratypes : VIETNAM: 20 exs. ( MTD, NMW): same sampling data ; CHINA: Yünnan: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀: ( NMW): CWBS 369 ; 1 Ƌ ( NMW): CWBS 390 ; 2 ƋƋ ( NMW): CWBS 394 ; 2 ƋƋ ( NMW): CWBS 396 .

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with reduced clypeal microsculpture, nine-segmented antennae, unicolored maxillary palpomeres, and dark brown or black clypeus together with A. audax , A. connexus , A. forcipatus , A. globipenis , A. narusei , and A. ogatai . It shares parallel-shaped elytra with A. audax , differing by smaller size ( A. audax : 2.6–3.0 mm total length) and lighter dorsal color (black in A. audax ). It differs from all species of Agraphydrus from China by presence of long setae on parameres.

Description: Total length: 2.3̄ 2.5 mm; elytral width: 1.0̄ 1.2 mm; E.I.: 1.5, P.I.: 2.0̄2.1, elytra 3.0̄3.3× as long as pronotum. Habitus moderately slender, elytra parallel-shaped, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum and clypeus dark brown to black; clypeus with distinct yellowish preocular patches, about as wide as eye; frons black; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum dark brown to black including anterior and posterior margins, with undefined, variably sized, yellowish lateral portions; elytra light or dark brown with black sublateral band, wider anteriorly than in posterior half, and with light brown area posteriorly; ventrites black; legs brown or black.

Head. Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 3.8, lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 1.5̄1.6; microreticulation present along lateral margins and at narrow rim on anterior margin of clypeus; ground punctures fine, interspaces 2× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures distinct. Eyes large, but not protruding, slightly oblong. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi slender, 1.2× as long as pronotum in midline, 1.1× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.2̄1.3, palpomere 4 slightly asymmetrical. Mentum with some coarse punctures on lateral portion, without microsculpture.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation as on pronotum; systematic punctures indistinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows 1 and 3 not reaching anterior margin, consisting of few, very widely spaced punctures. Mesoventrite with weak mesal bulge.

Legs (Fig. 118). Pubescence present on proximal half to 2/3 of profemur, on proximal 3/4 of meso- and metafemur; hairlines oblique on pro- and mesofemur, curved on metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with wide, shallow to almost semicircular apical emargination, ca. 30 µm deep.

Aedeagus (Fig. 160). Length: 0.29̄ 0.33 mm. Phallobase as long as parameres; margins distinctly bending towards triangular, sharply pointed manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face reaching basal third of phallobase in midline. Parameres stout, margins distinctly sigmoid with subapical constriction laterally; apex delicate, slightly inflated (collapsed and thus appearing flat in dried specimens), with ten to twelve very distinct, long setae; basal portion of dorsal face weakly extending into phallobase; ventral face forming wide, short lobes almost meeting in midlength, distinctly shorter than dorsal lobes. Median lobe widest in midlength, tapering towards base and apex; ventral face with bluntly rounded apex, not reaching apex of parameres; dorsal face completely subdivided into left and right half, slightly surmounted by apex of ventral face; corona small, located slightly distally to midlength; basal apophyses short, narrowly separated, extending to distal third of phallobase.

Ecology. Collected between 800 and 1400 m a.s.l. in rivers and streams with small pools and waterfalls flowing through dense forest; in sinter and fine sand.

Distribution. China (Yünnan), Vietnam (North). Etymology. seta (Lat.), - fer (Lat.) = bearing. The name refers to the long and very large setae on the apex of the parameres.

Agraphydrus splendens sp. n.

(Figs. 41, 80, 119, 161)

Type locality. Laos, Saisombun Special Zone , Mount Phu Bia.

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( EUM): “ Mt. Phu Bia \ Saisombun , Laos \ 21.III.2005 \ M. Satô leg.” . Paratypes: LAOS: 3 exs. ( EUM): same data ; CHINA: Yünnan: 2 ƋƋ, 1 ♀ ( NMW): CWBS 393 ; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 368.

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with four rows of elytral systematic punctures, absence of clypeal microsculpture, nine-segmented antennae, unicolored maxillary palpomeres, and wide-stretched metafemoral pubescence, together with A. fikaceki , A. masatakai , and A. chinensis . It differs from A. fikaceki by indistinct systematic punctures with abbreviated mesal series; from A. chinensis by larger eyes, wider clypeus, and presence of emargination on abdominal ventrite 5; from A. masatakai by fine pronotal and elytral ground punctures (versus moderate ground punctures in A. masatakai ), maxillary palpi longer than pronotum, and length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.4 (versus 1.0̄ 1.2 in A. masatakai ). It differs from all species of Agraphydrus by features of aedeagus.

Description. Total length: 2.4̄ 2.5 mm; elytral width: 1.2 mm; E.I.: 1.3, P.I.: 2.1, elytra 2.8̄2.9× as long as pronotum. Habitus moderately broad, elytra almost parallel-shaped, widest slightly behind midlength, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum, clypeus and frons black; clypeus with yellowish preocular patches about as large as eyes; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum dark brown with decreasing intensity of coloration towards yellow lateral margins; elytra dark brown with broad sublateral black band and very narrow yellow lateral margins; ventrites black; legs dark brown.

Head. Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 4.7, lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 1.8; lateral margins of clypeus narrowly microreticulated; ground punctures very fine to fine, interspaces 1̄3× as wide as punctures, systematic punctures moderately distinct. Eyes large, weakly protruding, slightly oblong. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 80) slender, 1.1× as long as pronotum in midline, as long as maximum width of clypeus, length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.4; palpomere 4 almost symmetrical. Mentum with fine punctures, grouped laterally, indistinct wrinkles present at lateral portions.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures indistinct. Elytral ground punctation as on head and pronotum; systematic punctures indistinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows not reaching anterior margin, punctures in row 1 present in posterior and anterior half, number of punctures strongly reduced in mesal rows. Mesoventrite with distinct mesal bulge, abruptly sloping posteriorly and with very low, very short, median carina posterior to bulge.

Legs (Fig. 119). Pubescence present on proximal 2/3 of profemur, on proximal 3/4 of meso- and metafemur; hairlines oblique on pro- and mesofemur, straight on metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with very shallow to almost semicircular apical emargination.

Aedeagus (Fig. 161). Length: 0.36̄ 0.38 mm. Phallobase shorter than parameres, margins curving towards distinctly delimited, triangular manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face indistinct. Parameres wide; margins almost straight; apex flattened with short angulate lateral extension and broadly rounded mesal extension; basal portion of dorsal face reaching midlength of phallobase; ventral face distinctly shortened basally and wider than dorsal face. Median lobe narrow; margins weakly sinuate, tapering in distal third towards pointed apex, not reaching apex of parameres; corona located in halflength; basal apophyses moderately short, narrowly separated, extending less deep into phallobase than parameres.

Ecology. Collected at 1000 m a.s.l. in a small stream flowing through primary forest, and in a forest stream with rock steps and residual pools; in gravel and plant debris.

Distribution. China (Yünnan), Laos.

Etymology. splendens (Lat.) = shining. The name refers to the shining dorsal surface.

Agraphydrus umbrosus sp. n.

(Figs. 42, 64, 120, 162)

Type locality. China, Fujian Prov., Jianyuan Prefecture, Yong’an City Region, ca. 20 km SE Yong’an City, 5 km SW Xiyang Village, Ziyungdong Shan ( CWBS 256 ).

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( CASS): “ CHINA : FUJIAN, Yong'an \ 5 km SW Xiyang, 550 m \ Ziyungdong Shan , 25.1.1997 \ leg. Ji & Wang ( CWBS 256 )” . Paratypes: CHINA: Fujian: 5 exs. ( NMW): same sampling data; 1 Ƌ ( NMW): CWBS 248 ; 18 exs. (NMW): CWBS 262; Guangdong: 1 Ƌ ( NMW): CWBS 482 ; 1 Ƌ ( NMP): CHINA: Guangdong Prov., W of Qixing, Heishiding Nature Reserve, 23°27.9'N 111°54.3'E, 190̄ 260 m a.s.l., small stream in primary lowland forest, among gravel and in accumulations of leaves, 1.̄ 3.V.2011, leg. Fikáček & Hájek “MF16”.

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with almost entirely microsculptured clypeus. Apex of maxillary palpomere 4 infuscated in most specimens, usually less distinct than in A. agilis and A. variabilis . It differs from these species by basal position of corona (in midlength of median lobe in A. agilis and A. variabilis ), from A. agilis also by stronger ground punctation of pronotum and elytra. It shares very similar aedeagus also with A. gracilipalpis , differing by evenly oval body (elytra slightly attenuating in A. gracilipalpis ), finer elytral ground punctation with larger interspaces (coarse punctures, interspaces as wide as puncture width in A. gracilipalpis ), and by elytral coloration (unicolored brown in A. gracilipalpis ). Specimens without apically infuscated palpomere 4 differ from similar A. schoenmanni by features of aedeagus (basal position of corona), from A. igneus and A. arduus also by absence of microsculpture on anterior angles of pronotum, from A. orientalis by nine-segmented antennae and features of aedeagus.

Description. Total length: 2.2̄ 2.5 mm; elytral width: 1.0̄ 1.2 mm; E.I.: 1.3̄1.4, P.I.: 2.1̄2.2, elytra 3.0̄3.2× as long as pronotum. Habitus evenly oval, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum, clypeus and frons black; clypeus with yellow preocular patches about as wide as eye; maxillary palpomere 4 weakly infuscated apically in many cases, infuscation rarely absent; pronotum dark brown in center, with undefined, variably sized, yellow lateral margins, and with very narrow yellow anterior margin; elytra dark brown with light brown areas in anterior and in posterior half, confluent and forming one large light brown area in some individuals, with yellow lateral margins, large black sublateral band, and black sutural area; ventrites black; legs light to dark brown.

Head (Fig. 64). Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 3.9, lateral length ratio clypeus/ eyes = 1.9; clypeus almost entirely microreticulated, microsculpture absent from narrow postero-mesal area; ground punctures fine, distinctly impressed, interspaces about 2× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures moderately distinct. Eyes large, but not protruding, slightly oblong. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi slender, 1.1× as long as pronotum in midline, as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.4̄1.5, palpomere 4 almost symmetrical. Mentum with coarse punctures, grouped laterally, microsculpture present laterally.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head or slightly finer; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation as on pronotum; systematic punctures moderately distinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows with strongly reduced number of punctures, not reaching anterior margin. Mesoventrite with a distinct mesal bulge.

Legs (Fig. 120). Pubescence present on proximal 2/3 of profemur, on proximal 3/4 of meso- and metafemur; hairlines oblique on pro- and mesofemur, straight on metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with semicircular apical emargination, ca. 20̄30 µm deep.

Aedeagus (Fig. 162). Length: 0.27̄ 0.32 mm. Phallobase shorter than parameres, as long as wide or slightly longer than wide; margins abruptly bending towards narrow, triangular manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face reaching basal third in midline. Parameres moderately wide; lateral margins very slightly curved with subapical constriction, mesal margins of dorsal face almost straight; apex flat with distinct, blunt, lateral projection; basal portion of dorsal face almost reaching midlength of phallobase; ventral face shortened at base. Median lobe wide basally, ventral face evenly tapering towards narrowly rounded apex, reaching or almost reaching apex of parameres; dorsal face completely subdivided into widely separated left and right half; corona in basal position; basal apophyses moderately long, extending to almost halflength of phallobase.

Remarks. Presence or absence of apical infuscation on the maxillary palpomere 4 is a constant feature in most species of Agraphydrus . The variability of this character in A. umbrosus is unusual.

Ecology. Collected between 190 and 750 m a.s.l. in streams flowing through broadleaf forest and rice fields, with pools and waterfalls; among gravel, sand, and algae.

Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong).

Etymology. umbrosus (Lat.) = shady. The name refers to the weakly infuscated apex of the maxillary palpomere 4.

Agraphydrus uncinatus sp. n.

(Figs. 43, 65, 121, 163)

Type locality. China, Yünnan Prov., Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, along Mengla– Mengyüan road, ca. 6 km NW Mengla ( CWBS 364 ).

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( CASS): “ China: Yünnan, Xishuangbanna \ ca. 6 km NW Mengla \ 8.11.1999, ca. 700 m \ leg. Jäch et al. ( CWBS 364 )” . Paratypes: 1 ♀ (NMW): same sampling data.

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with four rows of moderately distinct elytral systematic punctures, unicolored maxillary palpi, absence of clypeal microsculpture, and wide-stretched metafemoral pubescence, together with A. chinensis , A. fasciatus , A. fikaceki , A. fujianensis , A. longipenis , A. masatakai , A. niger , A. splendens , A. wangmiaoi , and A. yunnanensis . It differs from these species by large size (body length more than 3.0 mm), yellow (versus dark brown or black) clypeus, and slightly protruding eyes. It differs from similarly large A. politus and A. attenuatus by four rows of elytral systematic punctures (versus ten rows of coarse punctures), yellow (versus dark rufous to black) pronotum and elytra, and very different aedeagus. Similar aedeagus is present in A. activus and A. anhuianus (both species reaching body length of 3.0 mm); A. uncinatus differs from these species by evenly excised anterior clypeal margin (versus angularly excised clypeus with mesal notch in A. activus and A. anhuianus ). Some specimens of A. audax and A. longipalpus may also reach body length of 3.0 mm; they differ by dark brown to black pronotum and elytra, A. audax also by chagrinated anterior margin of clypeus, A. longipalpus by strongly reduced metafemoral pubescence. It differs from all species from China by distinctly protruding eyes and features of aedeagus.

Description. Total length: 3.1̄ 3.3 mm; elytral width: 1.6̄ 1.7 mm; E.I.: 1.3, P.I.: 2.2̄2.3, elytra 3.2× as long as pronotum. Habitus broad, evenly oval, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum dark brown mesally and yellow laterally; clypeus yellow, darkened mesally; frons black; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum yellow to light brown, with darker mesal area; elytra unicolored yellowish brown; ventrites and legs dark brown.

Head (Fig. 65). Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 4.1, lateral length ratio clypeus/ eyes = 1.4; microsculpture absent, except on a very narrow lateral rim of clypeus; ground punctures very fine to fine, interspaces 2̄3× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures moderately distinct. Eyes large, protruding, spherical. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi slender, 1.0̄1.1× as long as pronotum in midline, 0.9× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.1̄1.2, palpomere 4 asymmetrical. Mentum with strong, widely spaced punctures, grouped laterally.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures moderately distinct. Elytral ground punctation as strong as on head and pronotum, interspaces 1̄2× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures moderately distinct, arranged in four rows, present in posterior and anterior half, mesal rows with strongly reduced number of punctures, almost reaching anterior margin. Mesoventrite with mesal bulge.

Legs (Fig. 121). Pubescence present on proximal 2/3 of profemur with slightly oblique hairline, on proximal 3/ 4 of meso- and metafemur with straight hairlines.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with shallow apical emargination.

Aedeagus (Fig. 163). Length: 0.51 mm. Phallobase slightly shorter than parameres, about as long as wide, strongly bending towards wide, short, apically rounded, manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face indistinct, reaching midlength in midline. Parameres wide; margins almost straight, parallelsided, lateral margins with distinct subapical constriction; apex with distinct lateral hook-like extension; basal portion of dorsal face reaching midlength of phallobase. Median lobe narrow, margins evenly narrowing towards bluntly rounded apex, not reaching apex of parameres; ventral face slightly wider and shorter than dorsal face; corona located proximal to halflength; basal apophyses moderately long, extending to halflength of phallobase.

Ecology. Collected at 700 m a.s.l. in small river flowing through partly degraded primary forest and villages.

Distribution. China (Yünnan).

Etymology. uncinatus (Lat.) = hooked. The name refers to the hook-like extension on the parameres.

Agraphydrus variabilis sp. n.

(Figs. 44, 122, 164)

Type locality. China, Hong Kong, Lantau Island, Pak Kung Au, NW Cheung Sha.

Type material. Holotype ♂ (NMW): “HONGKONG, Lantau Isl. \ Pak Kung Au, NW Cheung Sha \ 22.III.1996 \ leg. Moog et al. ”. Paratypes: CHINA: Anhui: 3 exs. (NMW): CWBS 286; 118 exs. (SEMC, NMW): CWBS 287; 5 exs. (NMW): CWBS 288; 19 exs. (NMW): CWBS 289; 28 exs. (NMW): CWBS 290; 2 exs. (NMW): CWBS 291; 5 exs. (NMW): CWBS 292; 3 exs. (NMW): CWBS 293; 1 ex. (NMW): CWBS 295; Fujian: 2 ƋƋ, 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 246; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 249; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 250; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (NMW): CWBS 251; 6 exs. (NMW): CWBS 262; 4 exs. (NMW): CWBS 263; Gansu: 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ (NMW): CBS 325; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 326; Guangdong: 4 exs. (NMW): CWBS 450; 4 exs. (NMW) CWBS 466; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 469; 8 exs. (NMW): CWBS 480; 2 exs. (NMW): CWBS 481; 19 exs. (NMW): CWBS 483; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 485; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 492; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 494; 5 ♀♀ (NMW): Guangdong, Shenzhen, Wutongshan, Hengpailing, 15.V.2011, F.-L. Jia; Guangxi: 26 exs. (EUM): Guangxi, Huajiang, Li Jiang River, 350 m a.s.l., 27.V.1996, M. Satô; Guizhou: 3 exs. (NMW): CWBS 443; 4 exs. (NMW): CWBS 445; Hong Kong: 4 exs. (NMW): CWBS 4; 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 7; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 8; 5 exs. (NMW): CWBS 177; 1 ex. (NHM): “Type \ H.T. [red bordered round label] | Hong Kong \ 92̄54 | A. d’Orchym. det. 1922 \ Helochares \ Arrowi \ Orch.”; 1 ex. (NHM): “Cotype | Hong Kong \ Walker Coll. \ 93̄58 | Helochares \ Arrowi \ Orch.”; 1 ex. (CPA): Lantau Isl., Tung Chung, 10.VII.2012; 4 exs. (CPA): Lantau Isl., Tung Chung, 31.III.2012; 4 exs. (CPA): Lantau Isl., Tai O Valley, wooded pool in stream, 10.I.2012; 3 exs. (CPA): Lantau Isl., Wang Tong, 20.XII.2011; Hubei: 1 ex. (NMW): CWBS 544; 10 exs. (NMW): CWBS 545; Hunan: 11 exs. (NMW): CWBS 499; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 500; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 504; 7 exs. (NMW): NW̄Hunan, Wulingyuan, N Dayong Zangjiajie, 450 m a.s.l., 30.X.1993, L. Ji “4“; Jiangxi: 3 exs. (NMW): CWBS 505; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 506; 4 ♀♀ (NMW): Jinggangshan Mts., Jingzhushan, 26°31.0'N 114°05.9'E, 25.IV.2011 [collector not mentioned]; 18 exs. (NMP, NMW): Jinggangshan Mts., Jingzhushan, 640 m a.s.l., 26°31.0'N, 114°05.9'E, quickly flowing stony stream amid bushy pastures, in gravel at banks, in moss on stones in small waterfalls, 25.IV.2010, M. Fikáček, J. Hájek, F.-L. Jia & Song, “MF06”; 32 exs. (NMP): Jinggangshan Mts., Xiangzhou, forested valley S of village, 26°35.5'N, 114°16.0'E, 374 m a.s.l., under stones and among sand at bank of a stony river below bridge, 26.IV.2011; M. Fikáček & J. Hájek, “MF08”; 1 ex. (NMP): Jinggangshan Mts. Shuangxikou (river valley), 26°31.4'N 114°11.3'E, 411 m a.s.l., sifting moist leaf litter in sparse forest along stony river, 24.IV.2011, M. Fikáček, J. Hájek, F.-L. Jia & Song, “MF02”; Shaanxi: 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 311; 6 exs. (NMW): Qin Ling Shan, river forking 100 km SW Xian, autoroute km 63 S Zhouzhi, 33.53°N 108.00°E, river bank, 1.IX.1995, Wrase; 9 exs.: (NHM): ca. 20 m [iles] S Xian Nan Wutai, 19.IX.1980, P.M. Hammond “B.M. 1980̄491”; 1 ♀ (NMP): 110 km ENE Xian, Huayin village, Hua Shan Mt. “granite cliff”, 1275 m a.s.l., 34°29.5'N 110°05.1'E, 8.̄ 9.V.2011, M. Balke & J. Hájek; 3 exs. (NMW): Qin Ling Shan, River valley, 40 km S Xian, autoroute km 50, 33.55°N 108.49°E, 1200 m a.s.l., river bank, 31.VIII.1995, A. Pütz; Shandong: 113 exs. (NMW): 45 km SE Yantai, 90 m a.s.l., 13.X.1994, Ji & Wang “64”; 3 ♀♀ (NMW): Taishan Nat. Res., 350 m a.s.l., 19.X.1994, Ji & Wang “73”; 1 ♀ (NMW): Taishan Nat. Res., 420 m a.s.l., 18.X.1994, Ji & Wang “74”; Sichuan: 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 218; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 222; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 228; 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 230; 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 234; 4 exs. (NMW): CWBS 237; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 238; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 346; Yünnan: 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 361; 2 ƋƋ (NMW): CWBS 387; 6 exs. (NMW): CWBS 394; 6 exs. (NMW): CWBS 396; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 397; Zhejiang: 4 exs. (NMW): CWBS 412; 1 ex. (NMW): CWBS 413; 4 exs. (NMW): CWBS 423; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 430; 8 exs. (NMW): Anji County, Long Wang Shan N.R., 500 m a.s.l., 12.V.1996 [collector not mentioned]. TAIWAN: 23 exs. (CFH, NMP, NMW): Taiyuan Hsien, “Palin”, 300 m a.s.l., 24°40'34"N 121°21'19"E, 15.III.1996, leg. L.J. Wang; 1 Ƌ (NMW): Taiyuan Hsien, “Palin”, 700 m a.s.l., 24°40'34"N 121°21'19"E, 18.III.1996, leg. L.J. Wang.1 Ƌ (NMW): Taiyuan Hsien, “Palin”, 300 m a.s.l., 24°55'41"N 121°41'52"E, 15.III.1996, L.J. Wang (1 ex. with indication “Pinlin“ instead of “Palin”; 4 exs. (ANIC, NHM, NMW): Taoyuan [City], Minshu, 1100 m a.s.l., 24°38'31''N 121°27'42''E, 18.III.1996, L.J. Wang; 1 ♀

(NMW): same locality data, 18.̄ 19.III.1996, L.J. Wang & Sivec; 1 Ƌ ( NMW) : Taoyuan [City], Fuhsing [= Fuxing District ], Changsing , 9.V. 19965 L.J. Wang; 1 Ƌ ( CFH) : Taipei [City], Wulai [ Town ], “ Harpen ”, 570 m a.s.l., 24°48'18"N 121°35'56" E, 16.IX.1993, S.C. Kang “A”; 1 Ƌ ( NMW) : Taipei [City], Nanya , small stream, 23.V.1995, L.J. Wang; 1 ex. ( CFH) : Taipei [ City ], 23.V.1995, L.J. Wang; 2 exs. ( NMW) : Taipei [City], Fushan , creek, 16.X.1993, M.L. Jeng “15K”; 1 Ƌ ( CFH) : [New] Taipei [City], Gongliao [ District ], 12.XI.1995, L.J. Wang; 1 Ƌ ( NMW) : same locality data, but “ 31.VII.1994, L.J. Wang ”; 1 Ƌ ( NMW) : same locality data, but “ 23.VI.1995, L.J. Wang ”; 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ ( NMW) : Hsinchu [City], Dalu forest road, 5.X.1991, M.L. Jeng; 3 exs. ( CFH, NMW) : Hsinchu [ City ], 17.III.1996, L.J. Wang; 1 ex. ( NMP) : Hsinchu [County], Chingchuan , 880 m a.s.l., 24°33'42''N 121°05'41"E, small stream, 17.III.1996, L.J. Wang; 1 Ƌ ( NMW) : Kaohsiung [City], Shanping [ Forest ], “ Liukuei ”, 515 m a.s.l., 19.XII.1991, S.C. Kang, “B”; 1 ♀ ( NMW) : Nantou [County], Chenyulan stream, 2.II.1993, M.L. Jeng; 1 ex. ( EUM) : Ch’i Nan ̄t’ou [Nantou County], “ Ch’ing ̄shui”, 16.V.1991, Y. Nishikawa; 2 exs. ( NMP) : Nantou [County], Tunpu , 17.IX.1992, L.J. Wang; 4 exs. ( NMW) : Hwalien [= Hualien County], Nanan, “ Hwang ̄ Ma ”, 25.VIII.1993, M.L. Jeng; 9 ♀♀ ( NMW) : Hwalien [= Hualien County], Nanan Fall , 27.III.1993, M.L. Jeng; 6 exs. ( NMW) : Hwalien [= Hualien County], “ Tailuker ”, 6.XI.1962, Chou & Wang; 1 ♀ ( CFH) : Hualien [County], Shoufeng [ Township ], “ Laochichaun ”, 85 m a.s.l., 3.IV.1991, S.C. Kang “B”; 40 exs. ( NMP) : Taichung county, Heping Distr., Bashianshan Mts., Dajiaxi River at Songhe village, 24.17996°N 120.98233°E, 665 m a.s.l., at margin of Dajiaxi River , stony river partly with gravel banks, in fine gravel below stones and in green algae mats at the side of the river, 5.I.2018, Fikáček, Liang & Hsiao, 2018̄ TW01; 8 exs. ( NMP) : Taichung county, Heping Distr., Bashianshan Mts., Songhe village , stony stream bed above hiking entry of Songhe , 24.17694°N 120.98858°E, 722 m a.s.l., on wet rocks and among gravel at side of the stony stream, 5.I.2018, Fikáček, Liang & Hsiao, 2018̄TW04; 47 exs. ( NMP) : Taichung city, Heping Distr., Xueshankengxi River E of Taoshan village , 24.32684°N 120.95377°E, 743 m a.s.l., in gravel and among algae at side of a large stony river, 6.I.2018, Fikáček, Liang & Hsiao, 2018̄TW06; 8 exs. ( NMP) : Taichung county, Heping Distr., old abandoned Xueshankeng picnic area, 24.32103°N 120.97345°E, 970 m a.s.l., among decaying leaves and in side pools and in fine gravel of a small stony stream in a cloud montane broadleaf forest, 6.I.2018 Fikáček, Liang & Hsiao, 2018̄TW07; 22 exs. ( CFH, EUM) : Taichung [City], “ Wulieg ”, 1780 m a.s.l., 27.̄ 28.VI.1989, M. Satô; 1 Ƌ ( NMW) : Pingtung [County, Kenting National Park], Nanjenshan , 4.V.1991, M.L. Jeng “87” ; 1 ♀ ( NMW): Taitung County, Orchid Island , 20.IX.1993, M.L. Jeng; 1 Ƌ , 1 ♀ ( CFH, NMW): Yilan County, 19.III.1996, L.J. Wang ; 1 ♀ ( CFH): Chiayi County, Maishan Township , 815 m a.s.l., 19.XI.1991, S.C. Kang.

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with microsculptured clypeus and apically infuscated maxillary palpomere 4, together with A. agilis and some specimens of A. umbrosus . It differs from A. umbrosus by stronger infuscation of palpomere 4 and features of aedeagus (corona in midlength position of median lobe). Dorsal coloration of some specimens is very similar to coloration of A. agilis . It differs from A. agilis mainly by slightly curving lateral margins of parameres (versus straight parameres in A. agilis ) and slightly stronger dorsal punctation of clypeus and elytra, with smaller interspaces.

Description. Total length: 2.1̄ 2.4 mm; elytral width: 1.1̄ 1.2 mm; E.I.: 1.3̄1.5, P.I.: 2.0̄2.3, elytra 3.0̄3.1× as long as pronotum. Habitus evenly oval, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration variable. Labrum, clypeus and frons black; clypeus with very narrow, indistinct, rufous lateral margins, some individuals with yellow preocular patches smaller than eye; maxillary palpi yellow with apical infuscation on palpomere 4; pronotum black or dark brown with weakly defined yellow margins, narrow in most cases; elytra black, rarely dark brown with narrow yellow lateral rims, and with sublateral black elytral band in lighter colored individuals, with oval, lighter brown area on posterior third of disc, extending to anterior third in some cases; ventrites black; legs dark brown.

Head. Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 3.7, lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 1.6̄1.7; clypeus almost entirely microreticulate, microsculpture absent from a variably sized postero-mesal region in many cases, rarely restricted to a narrow anterior rim and on lateral thirds; ground punctures very fine to obsolete within microsculptured area, fine outside of microsculpture, interspaces 2̄3× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures distinct. Eyes large, but not protruding, slightly oblong. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi slender, 1.3× as long as pronotum in midline, as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.3̄1.4, palpomere 2 not curving mesad, palpomere 4 almost symmetrical. Mentum with coarse punctures, microsculpture present on lateral portions.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on frons; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation as on head and pronotum, rarely slightly stronger; systematic punctures distinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows with strongly reduced number of punctures, not reaching anterior margin, irregular series additionally present along lateral margin. Mesoventrite with distinct mesal bulge.

Legs (Fig. 122). Pubescence present on proximal 2/3 of profemur, on proximal 3/4 of meso-and metafemur; hairlines oblique on pro-and mesofemur, straight on metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with semicircular apical emargination.

Aedeagus ( Fig. 164 ). Length: 0.27̄ 0.32 mm. Phallobase shorter than parameres, as wide as long; margins curving towards distinctly delimited manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face indistinct, reaching midlength of phallobase in midline. Parameres moderately wide with subapical constriction; lateral margins slightly curved, mesal margins almost straight; apex flat, with sharp lateral projection and weak, blunt, mesal extension; basal portion of dorsal face reaching distal third of phallobase mesally. Median lobe wide at base, slightly narrowing in distal half; apex of ventral face broadly rounded, indented in many specimens, almost reaching apex of parameres; dorsal face completely subdivided into widely separated left and right half, distinctly surmounted by ventral face; corona located slightly distally to midlength; basal apophyses moderately short, slightly inclining laterad, extending to distal third of phallobase.

Remarks. The species exhibits regional differences concerning color, expansion of clypeal microsculpture and body shape: most specimens from Taiwan, Gansu, and Hunan are almost completely black with very narrow lateral yellow margins which are absent in some cases, and an undefined small oval light brown area posteriorly on elytra. Most specimens from Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Shandong and Hong Kong are lighter colored, the light brown elytral area is enlarged, extending to anterior third, mainly in specimens from Shandong; a black sublateral band is often present; the lateral yellow margin is wider. Specimens from Shaanxi and Sichuan have a coloration intermediate between individuals from Taiwan and Anhui. The lateral yellow pronotal rim is very narrow in specimens from Taiwan and Hunan and may be expanding to the anterior margin in specimens from Guangdong, Shandong, Sichuan, Fujian, Anhui, and Hong Kong. The chagrination stretches across the entire clypeus in most specimens, but may be reduced to the anterior half or third in some individuals from Taiwan. Most specimens from Taiwan are very slender (E.I. =1.5), specimens from mainland China are comparatively broader in many cases (E.I. between 1.3 and 1.5).

Ecology. Collected between sea level and 1600 m a.s.l., in fast or slowly running rivers and streams, mostly shaded, flowing through tea and vegetable gardens, rice fields, meadows, primary and secondary forests; on big rocks, boulders, pebbles, cobbles, gravel, sand, flood debris, leave litter, moss, green algae, sinter, seepages; in the upwelling of a karst river; in pools with leaves and decaying matter; in puddles; in warm to very cold water, also in slightly polluted water bodies.

Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yünnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan.

Etymology. variabilis (Lat.) = variable. The name refers to the morphological variability.

Agraphydrus wangmiaoi sp. n.

( Figs. 45 , 66, 81, 123, 165)

Type locality. China, Hainan Prov., Ledong County, Jianfeng Mountains , ca. 5 km E Tian Chi Village ( CWBS 208 ).

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( CASS): “ China: Hainan (208) \ Jianfeng Mts. , 800 m \ 5 km E Tian Chi, 23.1. \ 1996, leg. Ji & Wang ” . Paratypes: CHINA: Hainan: 20 exs. ( NMW): same sampling data; 1 Ƌ ( NMW): same sampling data, but “leg. Jäch ”; 1 Ƌ ( NMW): CWBS 188 ; 12 exs. (NMW): CWBS 193; 5 exs. (NMW): CWBS 205.

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with four rows of elytral systematic punctures, absence of clypeal microsculpture, unicolored maxillary palpomeres, and wide-stretched metafemoral pubescence, together with A. chinensis , A. fasciatus , A. fikaceki , A. fujianensis , A. longipenis , A. masatakai , A. niger , A. splendens , and A. yunnanensis . It shares eight-segmented antennomeres and absence of apical emargination on abdominal ventrite 5 with A. fasciatus and A. fujianensis . Emargination on ventrite 5 is also absent in A. chinensis and A. fikaceki , species with nine-segmented antennae. It differs from A. fasciatus and A. fujianensis by smaller size (1.7 mm total length; A. fujianensis : 2.0 mm; A. fasciatus : 2.0̄ 2.4 mm), slender body (E.I.= 1.5; A. fasciatus and A. fujianensis : E.I.=1.3), larger eyes (lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 1.5̄1.6; A. fasciatus and A. fujianensis = 2.5̄2.6), length ratio of maxillary palpomeres 4:3 = 1.5 (versus 1.1̄ 1.2 in A. fasciatus and A. fujianensis ), and absence of mesoventral carina. It shares similar aedeagus (manubrium undefined, palpomeres slender, apex slightly bending mesad), large eyes, small body size and yellow coloration also with A. coomani , differing by evenly oval body (versus posteriorly widening elytra in A. coomani ), eight-segmented antennomeres (versus nine-segmented in A. coomani ), and by absence of infuscation on palpomere 4.

Description. Total length: 1.7 mm; elytral width: 0.8 mm; E.I.: 1.5, P.I.: 1.9̄2.0, elytra 3.2× as long as pronotum. Habitus slender, evenly oval, weakly to moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum, clypeus, and frons black; clypeus with variably sized preocular patches, about as wide as eye in most cases; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum yellow, slightly darkend in center; elytra dark yellow; ventrites black; legs dark yellow.

Head (Fig. 66). Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 3.2, lateral length ratio clypeus/ eyes = 1.5̄1.6; microreticulation absent; ground punctures fine, interspaces 2̄3× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures indistinct. Eyes large, but not protruding, slightly oblong. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 81) slender, 1.1̄1.2× as long as pronotum in midline, as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.5, palpomere 4 asymmetrical. Mentum with fine, evenly distributed punctures, without microsculpture.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures moderately distinct. Elytral ground punctation fine, slightly finer than on pronotum; systematic punctures moderately distinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows not reaching anterior margin, rows 1̄3 strongly reduced in number. Mesoventrite with a very low mesal bulge.

Legs (Fig. 123). Pubescence present on proximal 2/3; hairlines straight on pro- and metafemur, oblique on mesofemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 weakly scerotized apically, truncate, emargination absent.

Aedeagus ( Fig. 165 ). Length: 0.29̄ 0.30 mm. Phallobase slightly shorter than parameres, distinctly wider than long; margins evenly curving towards very short, weakly delimited manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face almost reaching manubrium. Parameres narrow from base to apex; margins weakly sigmoid, apex distinctly bending mesad, slightly tapering, bluntly rounded; basal portion of dorsal face weakly extending into phallobase. Dorsal face of median lobe narrow, almost parallel-sided; apex bluntly rounded, not reaching apex of parameres; ventral face distinctly wider and slightly shorter; corona in subapical position; basal apophyses moderately long, slightly inclining laterad, weakly extending into phallobase.

Ecology. Collected between 300 and 800 m a.s.l. in rivers and streams flowing through primary and degraded forests and shrubs, with large boulders and sand.

Distribution. China (Hainan).

Etymology. The species is dedicated to Wang Miao (Shenyang, China).

Agraphydrus yunnanensis sp. n.

( Figs. 46 , 67, 82, 124, 166)

Type locality. China, Yünnan Prov., Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, ca. 50 km SSE Menglun, Mengyüan ( CWBS 363 ).

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( CASS): “ China: Yünnan, Xishuangbanna \ ca. 50 km SSE Menglun, Mengyüan \ 8.11.1999, ca . 700 m \ leg. Wang & Wei ( CWBS 363 )”. Paratypes: CHINA: Yünnan: 1 ♀ ( NMW): CWBS 361 ; 6 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 371 ; 1 ♀ ( NMW): CWBS 377 ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀: ( NMW): CWBS 390 ; 1 ♀ ( NMW): CWBS 393 .

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with four rows of elytral systematic punctures, absence of clypeal microsculpture, unicolored maxillary palpomeres, and wide-stretched metafemoral pubescence, together with A. chinensis , A. fasciatus , A. fikaceki , A. fujianensis , A. longipenis , A. masatakai , A. niger , A. splendens , and A. wangmiaoi . It shares eight-segmented antennomeres and apical emargination on abdominal ventrite 5 with A. fasciatus , A. longipenis , and A. niger . It shares large eyes (lateral length ratio clypeus/ eyes = 1.9), similar proportions of clypeus (C.I.= distinctly larger than 4.0), ratio of maxillary palpomeres 4:3 =1.3, and absence of mesoventral carina with A. longipenis , in contrast to A. fasciatus and A. niger . It differs also by light colored pronotum and elytra from A. niger . Similarly shaped parameres are also present in A. longipenis , a species with very differently shaped median lobe. It differs from all species of Agraphydrus by features of aedeagus.

Description. Total length: 1.8̄ 2.1 mm; elytral width: 1.0̄ 1.2 mm; E.I.: 1.2̄1.3, P.I.: 2.1̄2.3, elytra 3.1× as long as pronotum. Habitus broad, evenly oval, strongly convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum, clypeus and frons black; clypeus with yellow preocular patches about as wide as eye; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum and elytra yellow to light brown; ventrites black; legs mostly black, femora dark brown apically.

Head (Fig. 67). Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 5.3, lateral length ratio clypeus/ eyes = 1.9; microsculpture absent; ground punctures moderately coarse, distinctly impressed, interspaces about as wide as punctures; systematic punctures distinct. Eyes moderately large, but not protruding, distinctly oblong. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 82) slender, 0.9̄1.0× as long as pronotum in midline, 0.7̄0.8× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.3, palpomere 4 symmetrical. Mentum with obsolete punctation, without microsculpture.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures moderately distinct. Elytral ground punctation slightly stronger than on head and pronotum; systematic punctures indistinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows with strongly reduced number of punctures, not reaching anterior margin. Mesoventrite with very low, indistinct, horizontal, crescentic ridge in posterior half.

Legs (Fig. 124). Pubescence present on proximal 2/3 of femora; hairlines oblique on profemur, straight on meso- and metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with very shallow, indistinct, apical emargination, ca. 3̄9 µm deep.

Aedeagus ( Fig. 166 ). Length: 0.21̄ 0.34 mm. Phallobase shorter than parameres, as wide as long; margins abruptly, almost rectangularly, bending towards triangular manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face distinct, almost reaching manubrium in midline. Parameres very wide; lateral margins weakly curving, mesal margin abruptly narrowing posterior to midlength; apex bluntly rounded, not inflated, almost symmetrical; basal portion of dorsal face reaching basal third of phallobase mesally; ventral face very indistinct. Median lobe moderately wide; dorsal face finger-shaped, apex not reaching apex of parameres; ventral face shaped as very short and wide, nearly circular disk; corona large, in basal position; basal apophyses moderately long, widely separated, inclining laterad, extending to midlength of phallobase.

Ecology. Collected between 700 and 1100 m a.s.l. in rivers and streams with cobbles, flowing through agricultural land, primary and degraded forests.

Distribution. China (Yünnan).

Etymology. The name refers to the Chinese province of Yünnan where the type specimens were collected.

Figures

FIGURES 164–166. Aedeagus: 164) A. variabilis; 165) A. wangmiaoi; 166) A. yunnanensis. Scale = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 45–46. Habitus: 45) A. wangmiaoi; 46) A. yunnanensis. Scale = 1 mm.