Cynopoecilus multipapillatus, M., 2002

M., Wilson J. E., 2002, The annual fish genus Cynopoecilus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): taxonomic revision, with descriptions of four new species, Ichthyol Explor. Freshwaters 13, No. 1, pp. 11-24 : 22-24

Cynopoecilus multipapillatus , new species ( Fig. 6 )

Holotype. MCP 26933 , male, 32.5 mm SL; Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: temporary pool between road RS-787 and lagoa da Fortaleza (about 30“10'S 50’15’W); W. J. E. M. Costa, D. Belote, F. Pupo & D. Almeida, 21 Jul 1998 .

Paratypes. MCP 26934 , 5 males, 27.1-34.7 mm SL, 5 females, 23.3-26.3 mm SL ; UFRJ 5232,10 males, 18.9-35.6 mm SL, 30 females, 19.9-27.0 mm SL; UFRJ 5233 , 4 males, 25.8-35.7 mm SL, 4 females, 24.7-27.0 mm SL (c&s); collected with holotype .

Additional material (non types). UFRJ 4821 , 118 ex.; collected with holotype . — UFRJ 276,6 ex.; Brazil: Santa Catarina: Ararangua; G. C. Brasil Aug 1988. - UFRJ 5234 , 4 ex.; Brazil: Santa Catarina: Sombrio; C Bizerril, 24 Apr 1994 .

Diagnosis. Differs from all its congeners and species of closely related genera ( Campellolebias , Leptolebias ) by having 17-20 supraorbital neuromasts (vs. 11-13), and 5-9 neuromasts per scale of the lateralline (vs. 1 -3). It is also distinguished from all other species of the genus by the combination of the following characters: the whole caudal fin of male with dark spots (vs. faint spots restricted to the dorsal portion of the fin or caudal spots absent in C. melanotaenia ), pectoral-fin length of male 19.8-22.5 % SL (vs. 16.1 - 18.5 in C. fulgens ), longitudinal rows of spots on body of male, pale golden anteriorly and light blue posteriorly (vs. all spots bright golden in C. fulgens ), pelvic-fin length 6.0-7.7 % SL in male, and 6.4-7.4 in female (vs. 4.7-5.6 in male and 4.1-5.3 in female of C. intimus ), dark brown irregular marks on dorsum below dorsal fin of male (vs. rounded blotches in C. intimus ), dorsal profile of head of adult male slightly concave (vs. strongly concave in C. nigrovittatus ), lateral body stripes of male dark reddish brown (vs. black in C. nigrovittatus ), and caudal fin of male without a bright blue zone along posterior margin of the fin (vs. present in C. nigrovittatus ).

Description. Morphometric data are given in Table 6 . Body slender, slightly compressed, body width approximately 1.5 in body depth in larger males. Longest body depth on a vertical through pelvic-fin base. Dorsal profile nearly straight to slightly concave on head, convex between nape and posterior end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle; ventral profile between lower jaw and end of anal-fin base smoothly convex to approximately straight in male, convex in female, and approximately Straight on caudal peduncle of both sexes.

Tip of dorsal and anal fins pointed and long in male, rounded and short in female. Caudal fin rounded to subtruncate. Pectoral fin elliptical. Posterior margin of pectoral fin just posterior to a vertical through pelvic-fin base in male, and just anterior to that vertical in female. Tip of pelvic fin reaching base of genital bulb. Pelvic fins separated by a small interspace. Dorsal-fin origin in a vertical through genital bulb inmale, and through anus in female. Anal-fin origin in a vertical through base of 2nd or 3rd dorsal-fin ray in male, and base of 4* or 5**1 in female. Dorsal-fin rays 16- 19; anal-fin rays 23-24; caudal-fin rays 25-28; pec ­ toral-fin rays 12-14; pelvic-fin rays 6-7. Longitudinal series of scales 26-27, transverse series of scales 9, and scale rows around caudal peduncle 12. Ctenii-like contact organs on caudal peduncle side of male. No contact organs on pectoral-fin of male. Supraorbital neuromasts 17-20. Five to nine neuromasts per scale of lateral line. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 2 + 9. Total vertebrae 28.

Coloration. Male: side of body light yellowish brown; a broad, dark reddish hrown horizontal stripe on midline of body and head, between lower jaw and caudal-fin base; on body side and opercular region stripe overlapped by longitudinal series of spots, pale golden to greenish golden anteriorly and light blue posteriorly, each spot on center of each scale; a narrower reddish brown stripe, slightly lighter and ventral to medianstripe, between pectoral-fin base and end of anal-fin base, anteriorly overlapped by small pale golden spots; some dark reddish brown pigment concentrated on posterior borders of dorso-lateral scales, forming irregular marks. Dorsum light brown with small rounded dark reddish brown spots. Venter white. Suborbital bar dark reddish brown, usually posteriorly followed by similar, lighter marks. Iris yellow, with a vertical dark brownish red bar; dark reddish brown pigment concentrated on posterior portion of iris. Un ­ paired fins greenish hyaline; small dark brown spots on dorsal and caudal fins; faint similar spots on posterobasal portion of anal fin. Pectoral fin hyaline. Pelvic fin brownish gray.

Female: color pattern as in male, but lateral longitudinal stripes fight brownish gray, over ­ lapped by a few longitudinal series of bright greenish golden small spots on center of each scale, and unpaired fins hyaline with faint gray small spots.

Literature cited Costa, W. J. E. M. 1990. Análise filogenética da família Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei). Rev. Bras. Biol., 50: 65-82.

— 1995 a. Revision of the neotropical annual fish ge ­ nus Cynopoecilus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Copeia, 1995: 456-465.

Distribution. Coastal plains of northern Rio Grande do Sul state and southern Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil ( Fig. 1 ).

— 1995 b. Revision of the neotropical annual fish ge ­ nus Campellolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with notes on phylogeny and biogeography of the Cynopoedlina. Cybium, 19: 349-369.

Etymology. From the Latin multi (many) and papillatus (with papilla), due to the numerous neu ­ romasts on the lateral line of the new species. An adjective.

— 1995 c. Pearl killifishes - The Cynolebiatinae: sys ­ tematics and biogeography of a neotropical annual fish subfamily (Cyprinodontiformes:Rivulidae). TFH, Neptune City, 128 pp.

— 1998. Phylogeny and classification of Rivulidae re ­ visited: Evolution of annualism and miniaturiza ­ tion in rivulid fishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplo ­ cheiloidei). J. Comp. Biol., 3: 33-92.

Discussion

Cynopoecilus constitutes a rather morphological ­ ly homogeneous clade, the species being diag ­ nosed by details of color patterns, head shape of adult male, neuromasts, and a few morphomet ­ ric data. Although discrete, these characters are unambiguously assigned, since each species ex ­ hibits conditions not occurring in other conge ­ ners or members of closely related genera (e.g. Campellolebias and Leptolebias ) (see diagnoses of species above), thus interpreted as autapomor ­ phies. The several diagnostic features of Cyno ­ poecilus (see generic diagnosis above) described in previous studies (Costa, 1995a, 1998) are appli ­ cable for all species herein recognized. However, it was not possible to find informative characters (i.e. synapomorphies) supporting subclades of Cynopoecilus containing two or more species.

Gosline, W. A. 1949. The sensory canals of the head in some cyprinodont fishes, with particular reference to the genus Fundulus. Occ. Pap. Mus. ZooL Univ. Michigan, 519: 1-17.

Hoedeman, J. J. 1956. Die bisher beschriebenen Formen und Arten der Gattung Rivulus Poev. Aquar. Terr., 1956: 199-202.

Regan, C T. 1912 a. A revision of the poedliid fishes of the genera Rivulus, Pterolebias, and Cynolebias. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 8, 10: 494-508.

— 1912 b. Sexual differences in the poeciliid fishes of the genus Cynolebias. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., sen 8, 10: 641-642 Reichert, J. J., F. Prieto & H. Salvia. 1997. Facherfische aus Uruguay. Deutsche Killifische Gemeinschaft, suppl. 5: 1-58.

.

Taylor, W. R. & G. C. van Dyke. 1985. Revised proce ­ dures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cy ­ bium, 9: 107-109.

Vaz-Ferreira, R & B. Sierra. 1971. Especies del genera Cynolebias Steindachner, 1876 en el Uruguay. Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay, 1: 24-44.

Acknowledgements

I atn grateful to Drausio Belote, Rosana D Arrigo, Fdbio Popo, Daniel Almeida, and Ana Carla Bacellar for their assistance in the field, and to Morevy Cheffe, Gilberto Brasil, Decio Moraes Jr., Osvaldo Oyakawa, and Rober ­ to Reis, for the loan or donation of material. This study was supported by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desen ­ volvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico - Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia), FAPERJ (Funda^ao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) and Fundação O Boticário de Proteção a Natureza. Specimens were col ­ lected with authorization 02001.001660/98 fromIBAM A (Institute Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis - Ministério do Meio Ambiente, dos Recursos Hídricos e da Amazônia Legal).

Wiley, E. O. 1981. Phylogenetics: the theory and prac ­ tice of phylogenetic systematics. Wiley, New York, 439 pp.

Figures

Fig. 6. Cynopoecilus multipapillatus, not preserved, topotype, male, about 35 mm SL, (three days after collection); Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: close to lagoa da Fortaleza.

Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of Cynopoecilus: C. melanotaenia (*), C.fulgens (■), C. infimus (*), C. nigrovittatus (♦), and C multipapillatus (*}. Arrows indicate type localities; symbols may represent more than one locality. Scale bar 70 km.

Tables

Table 6. Morphometric data for holotype (H) and nine paratypes of Cynopoecilus multipapillatus.

		males				females
	H	paratypes
	MCP 26933	UFRJ 5232	L'FRJ 5232	UFRJ 5232	UFRJ 5232	UFRJ 5232	UFRJ 5232	UFRJ 5232	UFRJ 5232	UFRJ 5232
SL [mm]	32.5	35.6	33.8	27.6	25.8	27.0	27.0	25.6	24.0	23.4
In percents of standard length
Body depth	26.1	25.5	24.7	26.4	29.1	26.7	25.5	27.1	25.1	27.5
Caudal peduncle depth	13.3	13.0	13.2	123	14.7	12.8	12.5	13.8	11.9	13.2
Predorsal length	57.9	52.3	55.4	59.0	57.0	62.4	62.9	62.2	60.9	643
Prepelvic length	48.1	45.6	48.6	51.0	51.5	52.7	55.1	54.8	53.2	54.9
Length of dorsal-fin base	26.9	27.2	27.2	27.6	29.1	24.8	24.9	25.3	24.1	25.9
Length of anal-fin base	24.8	24.3	24.4	26.4	26.5	21.0	21.4	22.0	20.0	22.4
Caudal-fin length	32.0	29.8	29.1	28.5	33.5	30.8	32.0	31.7	31.4	32.8
Pectoral-fin length	21.3	19.8	21.4	21.7	22.5	20.9	20.4	21.4	20.0	21.2
Pelvic-fin length	6.7	6.0	63	6.5	7.7	7.4	6.6	7.0	6.4	6.7
Head length	29.3	27.6	28.1	29.0	30.9	29.3	31.1	31.7	29.3	30.6
In percents of head length
Head depth	72.1	72.0	66.6	68.0	69.6	73.6	72.6	72.2	73.5	72.1
Head width	66.7	65.3	66.0	64.4	67.6	71.8	69.8	67.2	69.1	71.4
Snout length	12.5	13.1	13.7	13.4	13.9	13.5	13.6	153	15.4	12.9
Lower jaw length	23.9	24.3	22.2	22.5	22.3	22.3	21.5	23.0	21.8	21.3
Eye diameter	35.4	34.9	34.7	36.6	36.1	35.4	37.8	34.2	38.5	37.3