Cynopoecilus fulgens, M., 2002

M., Wilson J. E., 2002, The annual fish genus Cynopoecilus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): taxonomic revision, with descriptions of four new species, Ichthyol Explor. Freshwaters 13, No. 1, pp. 11-24 : 16-17

Cynopoecilus fulgens , new species ( Fig. 3 )

Holotype. MCP 26929 , male, 37.8 mm SL; Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: temporary pool, road BR-101 , 5 km N of Sao Jose do Norte (about 32°00'S W. J E. M. Costa & A. C. Bacellar, 9 Sept 1999 .

Paratypes. MCP 26930 , 2 males, 30.3-38.9 mm SL, 3 females, 21.3-26.3 mm SL ; UFRJ 4978 , 4 males, 29.2-37.6 mm SL, 5 females, 19.5-30.1 mm SL ; UFRJ 5230 , 1 male, 30.1 mm SL, 4 females, 22.9-31.7 mm SL (c&s); collected with holotype .

Diagnosis. Differs from all its congeners and species of closely related genera ( Campellolebias , Leptolebias ) by a smaller pectoral fin in male (pec ­ toral-fin length 16.1-18.5 % SL vs. 18.6-23.4) and longitudinal rows of bright golden spots on body side of male (vs. pale golden to greenish blue anteriorly, light blue posteriorly in other species of Cynopoecilus , and no similar color pattern in other genera). It is also distinguished from all other species of the genus by the combination of the following characters: die whole caudal fin of male with dark spots (vs. faint spots restricted to the dorsal portion of the fin or caudal spots absent in C. melanotaenia ), pelvic-fin length 5.6-7.0 % SL in male, and 5.6-7.4 in female (vs. 4.7-5.6 in male and 4.1 -5.3 in female of C. intimus ), dark brown irregular marks on dorsum below dorsal fin of male (vs. rounded blotches in C. intimus ), dorsal profile of head of adult male slightly concave (vs. strongly concave in C. nigrovittatus ), lateral body stripes of male dark reddish brown (vs. black in C. nigrovittatus ), caudal fin of male without a bright blue zone along posterior margin of the fin (vs. present in C. nigrovittatus ), 11-15 supraorbital neuromasts (vs. 17-20 C multipapillatus ), and one to three neuromasts per scale of the lateral line (vs. five to nine in C. multipapillatus )

Description. Morphometric data are given in Table 3 . Body slender, slightly compressed, body width approximately 1.6 in body depth in larger males. Longest body depth on a vertical through pelvic-fin base. Dorsal profile nearly straight to slightly concave on head, convex between nape and posterior end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle; ventral profile between lowerjaw and end of anal-fin smoothly convex to approximately straight in male, convex in female, and approximately straight on caudal peduncle of both sexes.

Tip of dorsal and anal fins pointed and long in male, rounded in female. Caudal fin rounded to subtruncate. Pectoral fin elliptical. Posterior margin of pectoral fin reaching vertical through pectoral-fin base in male, and just anterior to that vertical in female. Tip of pelvic fin reaching base of genital bulb. Pelvic fins medially separata ed by a small interspace. Dorsal-fin origin in a vertical through genitalbulb in male, and through anus in female. Anal-fin origin in a vertical through base of 3rd dorsal-fin ray in male, and base of 5th ray in female. Dorsal-fin rays 16-18; anal-fin rays 22-25; caudal-fin rays 26-29; pectoral-fin rays 12-13; pelvic-fin rays 5-6. Longitudinal series of scales 27-28, transverse series of scales 9, and scale rows around caudal peduncle 12. Ctenii-like contact organs on caudal peduncle side of male. No contact organs on pectoral-fin of male. Supraorbital neuromasts 11-15. One to three neuromasts per scale of lateral line. Gillrakers on first branchial arch 2 +8. Total vertebrae 28-30.

Coloration. Male: side of body light brownish yellow; a broad, dark reddish brown horizontal stripe on midline of body and head, between lower jaw and caudal-fin base; on body side and opercular region stripe overlapped by longitudinal series ofbright golden spots on center of each scale; a narrower reddish brown stripe, slightly lighter and ventral to median stripe, between pectoral-fin base and end of anal-fin base, anteriorly overlapped by small pale golden spots; dark reddish brown pigment concentrated on posterior borders of dorso-lateral scales, forming a longitudinal row of irregular marks. Dorsum light brown with small rounded dark reddish brown spots. Venter white. Suborbital bar dark reddish brown, usually posteriorly followed by similar, lighter marks. Iris yellow, with a vertical dark brownish red bar; dark reddish brown pigment concentrated on posterior portion of iris. Unpaired fins lightyellow; small dark reddish brown spots on dorsal and caudal fins, and dark gray spots on anal fin. Pectoral fin hyaline. Pelvic fin brownish gray.

Female: color pattern as in male, but lateral longitudinal stripes light brownish gray, overlapped by a few longitudinal series of bright golden small spots on center of each scale, and unpaired fins hyaline with faint gray small spots.

Distribution. Coastal plains adjacent to the outer edge of the lagoa dos Patos, southern Brazil (Fig- D-

Etymology. From the Latin fulgens (brilliant), referring to the longitudinal rows of bright golden spots of body of male. An adjective.

Figures

Fig. 3. Cynopoecilusfulgens, MCP 26929, holotype, male, 37.8 mm SL (one day after collection); Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, 5 km N of Sao Jose do Norte.