Synergus longimalaris Pujade-Villar and

Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2017, Microphysogobio zhangi Sun & Zhao 2022, n. sp., Zoological Studies (Zool. Stud.) 56 (36), pp. 1-28 : 12-14

Synergus longimalaris Pujade-Villar and

Lobato-Vila sp. nov.

( Fig. 4 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5DB91102-5D22-4144-93AF-96DE2962C23B

Type material: Holotype ñ deposited in JP-V col ( UB) with the following labels: ‘ MEX: P 160, Sierra de Quila (Tecolotlán, JAL), 20°16'42.6"N, 104°05'26.7"W, 1916 m’ (white label), ‘Ex. Amphibolips sp. , Q. conzattii ., (04.xi.2011) 25.xi.2011, E. Estrada and A. Equihua leg.’ (white label), ‘ Holotypeñ Synergus longimalaris Pujade-Villar and Lobato-Vila, Lobato-Vila 2017 desig.’ (red label). Paratypes: same data as the Holotype: 7ò and 17ñ (1ò and 4ñ deposited in the NMNH; 1ò and 4ñ deposited in the AMNH).

Additional material: 2ñ with the same data as the Holotype dissected and covered with gold.

Etymology: Adjective related to its long malar space.

Diagnosis: This species is morphologically related to S. cibriani , S. citriformis (= S. elegans ) and S. laticephalus . The new species differ from S. laticephalus by the width of the head in dorsal view, which is much shorter (2.7 times wider than long in S. laticephalus ), the presence of metasomal micropunctures (no micropunctures in S. laticephalus ) and the absence of rugae in the scutellum (with some transverse rugae in S. laticephalus ). Synergus longimalaris sp. nov. mainly differs from S. cibriani and S. citriformis by having POL as long as OOL ( POL usually 1.5 times longer than OOL in these species), F 1 1.5 times longer than F 2 ( F 1 usually 1.3 times longer in these species), notauli complete and visible along their entire length (inconspicuous in the anterior 1/ 3 in these species) and head coloration yellowish to brown, except for a dark spot in the area delimited by ocelli, in males (with more dark areas in these species). It also differs from S. cibriani by having OOL 2.2 times longer than the diameter of the lateral ocellus (1.5 times longer in S. cibriani ) and mesoscutum finely coriaceous to alutaceous, with some little punctures (strongly coriaceous to imbricated, without punctures, in S. cibriani ). Finally, it also differs from S. citriformis by having the malar space about 0.8 times as long as the height of the compound eye (0.6 in S. citriformis ), both frons and mesoscutum coriaceous with some little punctures (finely sculptured, no punctures, in S. citriformis ) and metasoma with micropunctures (no micropunctures in S. citriformis ).

Female

Length: Body length 2.3-3.4 mm (n = 18).

Color: Head yellowish to brown; frons and vertex medially black, orange laterally; occiput black; antennae yellowish; mesosoma black, tegulae pale yellow; metasoma black, chestnut basally; legs yellowish, metatarsi darker, the base of metacoxae with a more or less extended brownish or blackish coloration; forewings hyaline, yellow veins.

Head: in frontal view ( Fig. 4a ) quadrangular, 1.3 times wider than high, genae slightly expanded behind compound eye. Face faintly pubescent, lower face and genae with thin, dense and regular striae irradiating from clypeus and reaching basal margin of compound eye and basal margin of antennal toruli; medial carina inconspicuous. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin not projected over mandibles. Malar space almost 0.8 times as long as the height of the compound eye (19:25). Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line longer than the height of the compound eye (1.3). Toruli situated under mid-height of the compound eye; distance between torulus and compound eye longer than diameter of toruli; distance between toruli shorter than the diameter of toruli. Frons finely coriaceous with some scattered little punctures; frontal carinae absent. Head in dorsal view ( Fig. 4c ) is about two times wider than long. Vertex finely coriaceous to alutaceous with neither punctures nor striae. POL: OOL:LOL = 10:10:4; OOL 2.2 times longer than the diameter of lateral ocellus. Occiput ( Fig. 4b ) finely coriaceous, with neither punctures nor striae.

Antennae ( Fig. 4e ): 14-segmented (15: 8: 19: 12: 11: 10: 8: 7.5: 6: 6: 6: 5: 4.5: 8); filiform not broadened apically; pubescence dense and short; placodeal sensilla little visible only on flagellar segments F 5- F 12. Pedicel about two times longer than wide; F 1 about 1.5 times longer than F 2, F 2 slightly longer than F 3. Last flagellar segment 2.7 times longer than wide and 1.8 times longer than F 11.

Mesosoma: About 1.2 times longer than high in lateral view (including nucha), with short and not dense pubescence ( Fig. 4d ). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.2. Pronotal plate absent. Lateral pronotum sculpture strongly coriaceous; lateral margins of pronotum rounded, without lateral carina. Mesoescutum ( Fig. 4f ) about 1.3 times wider than long, finely coriaceous to reticulated, with piliferous punctures over all its surface; anterior grooves weak but visible, occupying almost 1/4 of mesoescutum length. Notauli complete and visible along their entire length, wider and convergent posteriorly. Median groove very shallowly impressed but visible, wider posteriorly, reaching the middle of the mesoescutum. Parapsidial grooves weak but visible, surpassing the anterior margin of tegulae. Scutellum ( Fig. 4f ) rounded, slightly longer than wide, coriaceous to alutaceous, with some punctures; circumscutellar carina visible, forming a slightly projected margin; scutellar foveae shallowly impressed, almost inconspicuous; triangular, separated by a wide septum. Mesopleurae ( Fig. 4d ) transversely striated, speculum smooth; interspaces alutaceous, little pubescent basally. Metapleural sulcus well defined, reaching about 3/4 parts of mesopleurae height. Propodeum ( Fig. 4g ) pubescent and almost smooth; propodeal carinae straight, just slightly convergent basally, central area with a weak sculpture and pubescent. Nucha sulcated dorsally and laterally.

Legs ( Fig. 4h ): Tarsal claws with a basal tooth.

Wings: Forewings pubescent with short marginal setae, slightly shorter than mesosoma plus metasoma. Radial cell closed, 2.4 times longer than wide; areolet indistinct but visible. Rs + M inconspicuous, not reaching basal vein. Basal cell faintly pubescent.

Metasoma: About as long as head plus mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view ( Fig. 4i ). First metasomal segment sulcated dorsally and laterally. Syntergite smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a group of 4-5 setae, with a few weak micropunctures forming a posterodorsal patch ( Fig. 4j ); not incised dorso-distally. Hypopygial spine almost as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.

Male

Similar to female, except for the following morphological traits: body length 2.6-3.4 mm (n = 6). Antennae 15-segmented (13: 7: 17: 12: 11: 10: 8.5: 7.5: 7: 6: 5: 5: 4.5: 4: 6.5), F 1 1.4 times longer than F 2; F 1 slightly curved, medial excavation weak, faintly expanded apically and basally. Head coloration yellowish, except for a dark to black spot in the area delimited by ocelli; metacoxae entirely yellow, metatarsi yellow.

Distribution: State of Jalisco ( Mexico).

Biology: The material studied was obtained from galls developed on Q. conzattii Trel. (Lobatae section) related to the genus Amphibolips .

Figures

Fig. 4. Synergus longimalaris Pujade-Villar and Lobato-Vila sp. nov.: (a) Female head in frontal view, (b) female head in ventral view, (c) female head in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in lateral view, (e) female antenna, (f) mesosoma in dorsal view, (g) propodeum, (h) tarsal claw, (i) female metasoma in lateral view, (j) detail of the metasomal micropunctures.