Synergus longiscapus Pujade-Villar and

Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2017, Microphysogobio zhangi Sun & Zhao 2022, n. sp., Zoological Studies (Zool. Stud.) 56 (36), pp. 1-28 : 14-17

Synergus longiscapus Pujade-Villar and

Lobato-Vila sp. nov.

( Fig. 5 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F5EEAC91-B75E-4090-8341-60D1D91B4D65

Type material: Holotype ñ deposited in JP-V col. ( UB) with the following labels: ‘ MEX: 300, Santa Fe (D. F.), 19°21'14"N, 99°16'24.22"W, 2569 m’ (white label), ‘Ex. Disholcaspis sp. , Q. laeta , (20.vi.2016) vii.2016, JP-V leg.’ (white label), ‘ Holotypeñ Synergus longiscapus Pujade-Villar and Lobato-Vila, Lobato-Vila 2017 desig.’ (red label). Paratypes: same data as the Holotype: 10ò and 36ñ (1ò and 5ñ deposited in the NMNH; 1ò and 5ñ deposited in the AMNH).

Additional material: MEX: 060, La Cuchilla ( ZAC), 22°18'50.3"N 103°37'14.6"W, 2505 m, Ex. Disholcaspis nr regina, Q. eduardii c.f., (14. x.2011) 02.xi.2011, O. Cabral, R. Treto, L. G. Landa and C. Carrillo leg.: 1ñ; MEX: 206, Plateros-Arenales (San Felipe del Progreso, EDO. MÉX), 19°42'31.5"N, 99°57'03.3"W, 2564 m, Ex. Andricus tectucnarum or georgei groups, Q. candicans , (21. i.2014) 19.ii.2014, Delia leg.: 4ò and 1ñ; MEX: P 016, Monte Escobedo ( ZAC), 22°18'07.9"N, 103°33'45.5"W, 2190 m, Ex. Andricus sphaericus , Q. rugosa , (25.v.2012) vi.2012, JP-V leg.: 2ñ; MEX: P 116, Cerro del Potosí (Los Galeana, NL), 24°52'18.9"N, 100°13'57.5"W, 3716 m, Ex. Disholcaspis c.f., Q. emoryi , (08.v.2012) 12-26. v.2012, E. Estrada and A. Equihua leg.: 2ò and 2ñ; MEX: P 187, Perote-Puebla Federal Highway ( VER), 19°32'30"N, 97°16'23"W, 2410 m, Ex. Disholcaspis sp. , Quercus sp. , (28.ix.2012) 15.x.2012, E. Estrada and A. Equihua leg.: 1ò and 1ñ; MEX: P 228, Santa Fe (D. F.), 19°21'14"N, 99°16'24.22"W, 2569 m, Ex. Andricus protuberans , Q. laeta , (21.vi.2013) ix.2013, JP-V leg.: 3ñ; MEX: 304, Ejido de San Miguel Tlaixpan (Texcoco, EDO. MÉX), 19°26'29.3"N, 98°46'02.6"W, 2995 m, Ex. Andricus sphaericus , Q. rugosa , (01.vii.2016) vii.2016, A. Equihua and E. Estrada: 2ñ; MEX: 308, Ejido Santa María Nativitas (Texcoco, EDO. MÉXICO), 19°27'41.3"N, 98°47'22.2"W, 2703 m, Ex. Andricus nievesaldreyi , Q. rugosa , (13. i.2015) 19.ii.2015, J. Acuña leg.: 1ò; MEX: P 238, Ejido de San Miguel Tlaixpan (Texcoco, EDO. MÉX), 19°26'29.3"N, 98°46'02.6"W, 2995 m, Ex. undetermined gall, Q. glabrescens , (08.ii.2016) 03.iv.2016, A. Equihua and E. Estrada: 1ñ and 1ò; MEX: P 239, Ejido de San Miguel Tlaixpan (Texcoco, Estado de México), 19°26'29.3"N, 98°46'02.6"W, 2995 m, Ex. undetermined gall, Q. glabrescens , (08.ii.2016) 03.iv.2016, A. Equihua and E. Estrada: 1ñ; MEX: P 240, Ejido Santa María Nativitas (Texcoco, EDO. MÉXICO), 19°27'41.3"N, 98°47'22.2"W, 2703 m, Andricus nr cylindratum, Q. glabrescens , (27.i.2015) 09.iii.2015, A. Equihua and E. Estrada: 1ñ; MEX: P 242, Ejido Santa María Nativitas (Texcoco, EDO. MÉXICO), 19°27'41.3"N, 98°47'22.2"W, 2703 m, Andricus nr cylindratum, Q. rugosa , (13. i.2015) 09.iii.2015, J. Acuña leg.: 1ñ; 1ò and 2ñ dissected and covered with gold with the same data as MEX: 206.

Etymology: Adjective related to its long scapus.

Diagnosis: This species is morphologically related to S. cibriani , S. citriformis (= S. elegans ), S. laticephalus and S. longimalaris . The new species differs from all these species and from S. striatifrons sp. nov. by having a long scapus, slightly longer than F 1 (shorter than F 1 in all the species addressed here). It also differs from S. laticephalus by the width of the head in dorsal view, which is much shorter (2.7 times wider than long in S. laticephalus ), the presence of metasomal micropunctures (no micropunctures in S. laticephalus ) and the absence of rugae in the scutellum (with some transverse rugae in S. laticephalus ), and from S. cibriani , S. citriformis and S. longimalaris , by having F 1 and F 2 subequal ( F 1 clearly longer than F 2 in all these species) and the transfacial line about as long as the height of the compound eye (1.3 times longer in these species). Synergus longiscapus sp. nov. also differs from S. cibriani and S. citriformis by having the scutum with some piliferous punctures (no punctures in these species) and head coloration yellowish to brown, except for a dark spot in the area delimited by ocelli, in males (males’ head with more dark areas in these species); from S. cibriani and S. longimalaris , by having the malar space about 0.6 times as long as the height of the compound eye (0.8 in these species); from S. cibriani , by having OOL 2.7 times longer than the diameter of the lateral ocellus in males (1.5 times longer in S. cibriani in both sexes); from S. citriformis , by having the frons finely coriaceous with some scattered little punctures and the metasomal syntergite with a posterodorsal patch of micropunctures (no punctures in S. citriformis ); finally, from S. longimalaris by having POL 1.6 times longer than OOL ( POL as long as OOL in S. longimalaris ) and notauli inconspicuous in the anterior 1/3 (visible along their entire length in S. longimalaris ).

Female

Length: Body length 1.4-2.9 mm (n = 10).

Color: Head yellowish to light brown; frons and vertex black medially, yellowish to light brown laterally; occiput black; antennae yellowish to light brown; mesosoma black, tegulae pale yellow; metasoma black dorsally, light chestnut basally; legs light yellow, metatarsi usually darker, the base of metacoxae with brownish or blackish coloration more or less extended; wings hyaline, veins yellow to light brown.

Head: in frontal view ( Fig. 5a ) more or less rounded, about 1.2 times wider than high, genae slightly expanded behind compound eye. Face faintly pubescent, lower face and genae with thin, dense and regular striae irradiating from clypeus and reaching basal margin of compound eye and basal margin of antennal toruli; medial carina inconspicuous. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin slightly projected over mandibles. Malar space 0.6 times as long as the height of the compound eye (12:19). Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line just slightly longer than the height of the compound eye (1.1). Toruli situated mid-height of the compound eye; distance between torulus and compound eye shorter than diameter of toruli; distance between toruli shorter than the diameter of toruli. Frons finely coriaceous to alutaceous with some scattered little punctures; frontal carinae absent. Head in dorsal view ( Fig. 5c ) is about 1.8 times wider than long. Vertex finely coriaceous to alutaceous with neither punctures nor striae. POL: OOL:LOL = 8:5:4; OOL about 2.0 times longer than the diameter of lateral ocellus. Occiput ( Fig. 5b ) finely coriaceous, with neither punctures nor striae.

Antennae ( Fig. 5f ): 14-segmented (12: 6: 10.5: 10: 9: 8: 7: 6.5: 5: 5: 5: 4.5: 4.5: 8.5); filiform not broadened apically; pubescence dense and short; placodeal sensilla little visible only on flagellar segments F 7- F 12. Pedicel about two times longer than wide; F 1 and F 2 subequal, F 2 slightly longer than F 3. Last flagellar segment 2.8 times longer than wide and 1.9 times longer than F 11.

Mesosoma: Slightly longer than high in lateral view (including nucha), with short and not dense pubescence ( Fig. 5i ). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.36. Pronotal plate absent. Lateral pronotal sculpture coriaceous to reticulated; lateral margins of pronotum rounded, without lateral carina. Mesoscutum ( Fig. 5h ) about 1.2 times wider than long, finely coriaceous, with some weak piliferous punctures over all its surface; anterior grooves weak, occupying about 1/4 of mesoescutum length. Notauli complete but faint in the anterior 1/3, wider and convergent posteriorly. Median groove almost indistinct but visible. Parapsidial grooves weak, reaching the anterior margin of tegulae. Scutellum ( Fig. 5h ) rounded, almost as long as wide, finely coriaceous, weakly imbricated posteriorly, circumscutellar carina visible but not projected; scutellar foveae inconspicuous. Mesopleurae ( Fig. 5i ) with medial and anterior areas transversely striated, smooth basally, speculum also smooth; interspaces alutaceous, little pubescent basally. Metapleural sulcus well defined, reaching about 3/4 parts of mesopleurae height. Propodeum ( Fig. 5j ) pubescent and with a weak sculpture; propodeal carinae almost straight, slightly convergent basally, central area with a weak sculpture and pubescent. Nucha sulcated dorsally and laterally.

Legs ( Fig. 5e ): Tarsal claws with a small basal tooth.

Wings: Forewings pubescent with short marginal setae, longer than mesosoma plus metasoma. Radial cell closed, 2.4 times longer than wide; areolet absent. Rs + M inconspicuous, not reaching basal vein. Basal cell faintly pubescent.

Metasoma: Slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view ( Fig. 5k ). First metasomal segment sulcated dorsally and laterally. Syntergite smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a group of 4-5 setae, with a few weak micropunctures forming a posterodorsal patch ( Fig. 5l ); not incised dorso-distally. Hypopygial spine as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.

Male

Similar to female, except for the morphological traits that follow: body length 1.4-2.0 mm (n = 7). POL: OOL:LOL = 6.5: 4: 3; OOL 2.7 times longer than the diameter of lateral ocellus ( Fig. 5d ). Antennae ( Fig. 5g ) 15-segmented (9: 5: 9: 8: 7: 6: 6: 5: 5: 4.5: 4: 4: 4: 3.5: 5); F 1 slightly longer than F 2, F 1 slightly curved, medial excavation weak, faintly expanded apically and basally. Head coloration yellowish, except for a black spot in the area delimited by ocelli; mesopleurae sometimes brownish to black; metacoxae usually entirely yellow or with dark coloration less extended; tarsi yellow.

Distribution: Federal District (D. F.), Nuevo León, State of Mexico, Veracruz and Zacatecas ( Mexico).

Biology: The studied material was obtained from soft galls developed on Q. candicans Née , Q. eduardii c.f. and Q. emoryi Torr. (Lobatae section); Q. glabrescens Benth. , Q. laeta Liebm. and Q. rugosa Née ( Quercus section), related to the genera Andricus and Disholcaspis , as well as to some undetermined galls.

Figures

Fig. 5. Synergus longiscapus Pujade-Villar and Lobato-Vila sp. nov.: (a) Female head in frontal view, (b) female head in ventral view, (c) female head in dorsal view, (d) male head in dorsal view, (e) tarsal claw, (f) female antenna, (g) male antenna, (h) mesosoma in dorsal view, (i) mesosoma in lateral view, (j) propodeum, (k) female metasoma in lateral view, (l) detail of the metasomal micropunctures.