Gynapteromyia Mamaev, 1965

Jaschhof, Mathias, 2016, A review of world Diallactiini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with the description of six new genera and seventeen new species, Zootaxa 4127 (2), pp. 201-244 : 209-210

Genus Gynapteromyia Mamaev, 1965

Gynapteromyia —Mamaev in Mamaev & Krivosheina, 1965: 266. Type species, carpatica Mamaev , by original designation. Gynapteromyia — Mamaev 1966: 218 (adult diagnosis).

Chastomera —sensu Mamaev 1964: 902 (diagnosis, discussion, new European species); sensu Mohrig et al. 1980: 148 (review, key to European species, new species); sensu Spungis 1985: 40 (review European species, diagnosis). Haplusia brevipalpis group—Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: 60 (review European species, diagnosis).

Species of Gynapteromyia :

brevipalpis ( Mamaev, 1964) [ Chastomera ]. New combination. Palearctic. carpatica Mamaev, 1965 . Palearctic.

costaricensis Jaschhof sp. nov., described below. Neotropical.

furcata Jaschhof sp. nov., described below. Neotropical.

heteroptera ( Mamaev & Spungis, 1980) [ Chastomera ]. New combination. Palearctic. hondrui ( Mamaev, 1964) [ Chastomera ]. New combination. Palearctic. indica ( Grover, 1971) [ Chastomera ]. New combination. Oriental. longipalpis ( Mamaev, 1964) [ Chastomera ]. New combination. Palearctic.

novaezealandiae Jaschhof sp. nov., described below. Australasian. stricta ( Fedotova & Sidorenko, 2005) [ Haplusia ]. New combination. Palearctic. tasmanica Jaschhof sp. nov., described below. Australasian.

temburong Jaschhof sp. nov., described below. Oriental.

tenuistylata Jaschhof sp. nov., described below. Oriental.

Eight unnamed species from the Neotropical, Palearctic, and Oriental regions.

Gynapteromyia , a previously little known genus that Mamaev (1966) introduced for a single European species, G. carpatica , with micropterous females, is here shown to be a biodiverse genus of almost worldwide distribution. The close relationship of G. c a r p a t i c a with the species that Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) subsumed under the Haplusia brevipalpis group (also from Europe) became apparent only now when the morphology of a broad range of unnamed species was examined in detail. Previously, Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) had considered giving the H. brevipalpis group formal generic status. I have seen specimens of eight unnamed Gynapteromyia , six from Costa Rica and one each from Japan and Brunei. Herewith the genus is known to occur in all zoogeographic regions but the Afrotropical region, its absence there probably explained by my failure to study a sufficiently large sample of Afrotropical cecidomyiids. A single tropical site, Zurquí de Moravia, in the cloud forest of Costa Rica, is proven to provide the habitat for eight different Gynapteromyia , of which two are described below and six remain undescribed for the time being.

Despite the contention of previous authors ( Mamaev 1966; Mohrig et al. 1980), the number of palpus segments in Gynapteromyia is intraspecifically variable and thus of limited value for the identification of species. Study here of species from both the New World and Oriental tropics revealed a novel type of palpal sensilla that was previously unknown from Diallactiini and other mycophagous Cecidomyiidae : translucent sensilla that are not simply hair-shaped but furcate. Most Gynapteromyia are known only from the male. Larvae were described of G. carpatica by Mamaev & Krivosheina (1965), and of G. brevipalpis and G. heteroptera by Spungis (1985).

Diagnosis. Gynapteromyia is a rather uniform genus of small diallactiines (body lengths of males 1.2–2.1 mm, females are usually slightly larger) with partially regressive morphology and characteristic male genitalia. The eye bridge is usually only 0–3 ommatidia long dorsally; flagellomeres, except the first, have no vestiture other than microtrichia below the subbasal whorl of setae; the palpi, with 1–4 segments, are usually shorter than the head height; the clypeus is usually setose; the wing base is usually conspicuously narrow, practically without anal lobe; setae on the wing membrane are frequently reduced; wing spots are absent; legs are never bicolored; and empodia are reduced to short pads with a few hairs. Females may be short-winged. One to four of the following male genitalic characters may occur in a species: the apical corners of the tegmen are more or less protruding and directed slightly ventrally; the dorsal portions of the gonocoxae are strongly and often broadly sclerotized and pigmented at the medial and basal edges; the medial gonocoxal bridges form conspicuous protrusions, an outline often accentuated by dense cover with large microtrichia; and gonostylar teeth are broad and blunt-ended rather than slender and pointed.

Other characters. Head. Clypeus usually setose, with 0–1 seta in G. costaricensis and no setae in an unnamed species from Brunei. Genal setae 1–7, clearly clustered, rarely absent. Eye bridge typically 0–3 ommatidia long dorsally, in an unnamed species from Brunei 4–5 ommatidia long; eye bridges that lack dorsal ommatidia somewhat sunken into the head capsule ( Mamaev 1966: fig. 2.1). Scape and pedicel concolorous with flagellum, scape usually slightly larger than pedicel, slightly smaller than pedicel in G. carpatica . Scape with 1–4 setae. Pedicel unsetose. Male flagellomeres usually 14, in an unnamed Costa Rican species 13; fourth flagellomere with neck usually longer than node, rarely shorter; node subcylindrical to subglobose, a whorl of short setae subbasally, a more or less crenulate whorl of long sensory hairs with hooded alveoli medially, occasionally further such sensory hairs distally, either in short line(s) or scattered, translucent sensilla distally, either numerous, simply hairshaped, or numbering 2, multifurcated, with up to 8 tines, microtrichia everywhere or, more commonly, only basally. Female flagellomeres usually 14, in G. heteroptera 12; neck of fourth flagellomere at most as long as node, usually shorter, a whorl of long setae subbasally, no or only a few sensory hairs with hooded alveoli medially/ distally, translucent sensilla of same shape as in corresponding males but more numerous. Labella slender. Palpus usually shorter than head height, longer in G. tasmanica , 1–4 segments that tend to merge, translucent sensilla typically on first and second segments, occasionally on all segments, usually simple hair-shaped, in some tropical species two- or three-furcated. Thorax. Antepronotum and pleural sclerites unsetose, anepimeron of an unnamed species from Brunei setose. Both scutal and scutellar setae sparse. Wing length / width 2.4–3.0. Wing base usually narrow. Membrane usually setose, at least in parts, in G. novaezealandiae completely unsetose. Costal break usually indistinct. Btv in most species setose. CuA extending to, or ending before wing margin, which may vary within a species. Females of both G. carpatica and G. heteroptera micropterous. Legs with setae of various lengths, in tropical species also with scales. Basitarsi without spine. Vestiture on distitarsi usually same as on other tarsomeres, except in G. heteroptera (see there). Claws small, slightly bent, usually untoothed, in G. t a s m a n i ca with fine medial teeth. Male genitalia. Ninth tergite subtrapezoid. Gonocoxae: outline of ventral emargination diverse, usually more or less deeply U-shaped, membranous and vaguely delineated basally; processes of gonocoxal apodemes usually about as long as distance separating them, shorter in G. heteroptera ; ventral bridge in most species with faint transverse suture. Gonostylus of normal size and shape, apical tooth large, consisting of numerous spines largely merged with each other. Tegmen usually clearly narrowed towards apex, membranous rather than sclerotized, lateral edges slightly reinforced; parameral apodemes small, protruding ventrally. Ejaculatory apodeme usually present as long sclerotized rod, in G. heteroptera absent. Ovipositor ( Fig. 8F ) in correspondence with ground plan in Winnertziinae, including large gonocoxa 8, large segment 9, 3-segmented dorsal lamella (consisting of segment 10, basicercus, disticercus); disticercus smaller than basicercus; no other vestiture than ordinary setae of various sizes. Two sclerotized spermathecae ( G. brevipalpis , G. t a s m a n i c a), or no spermathecae traceable ( G. carpatica , G. h e t e ro p t e r a, G. longipalpis ).

Figures

FIGURE 8 A – G. Gynapteromyia tasmanica. A: Male genitalia, ventral (holotype). B: Wing (paratype). C: Male fourth flagellomere, lateral (holotype). D: Female fourth flagellomere, lateral (paratype). E: Palpus, lateral (holotype). F: Ovipositor, lateral (paratype). G: Spermathecae, lateral (paratype). Scales for A, C – G, 0.05 mm, for B, 1.0 mm. Bc = basicercus, dc = disticercus, gx = gonocoxa, sg = segment.