Echinops ceratophorus Boissier (1846: 100)

Montazerolghaem, Somayeh, Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza, Mozaffarian, Valiollah & Susanna, Alfonso, 2016, Taxonomic notes on the genus Echinops (Compositae, Cardueae-Echinopsinae) in Iran, Phytotaxa 263 (2), pp. 81-97 : 92-93

4. Echinops ceratophorus Boissier (1846: 100) .

Type:— IRAN. Ad radices Kuh Delu prope Deremgun, 17 June 1842, Kotschy 548 (W!, JE, G) ( Fig. 8).

= Echinops farsicus Rechinger (1950: 245) .

Type:— IRAN. Fars, Kuh Chah Siah bei Sivand, 16 July 1985, Stapf 1276 ( WU!) ( Fig. 9).

Rechinger (1950), based on the type Stapf 1276 ( WU!), described his new species E. farsicus . However, he changed his mind later ( Rechinger 1979) and synonymised it with E. ceratophorus . Nevertheless, Mozaffarian (2002, 2006, 2008a) revived E. farsicus again. A thorough examination of the types of both species in this study revealed that most of their characters were identical: stem indumentum, indumentum of upper and lower surface of leaves, connation of five innermost phyllaries, cornigerous upper capitula with lanate external phyllaries, blue horn and phyllaries apex, non-cornigerous lower capitula with glabrous phyllaries. Thereafter, these two species should be lumped in one species, E. ceratophorus . The diagnostic feature relied on Mozaffarian (2002, 2006, 2008a) was the indumentum of the upper surface of leaves: leaves glandulose or setose above, arachnoid or marbled along nerves in E. ceratophorus ; arachnoid above, conspicuously marbled along nerves, without glandular hairs, setose or non-setose in E. farsicus . Examination of the type specimen of these two species in this study confirmed that they show similarities in the indumentum of the upper surface of leaves.

Specimens examined:— IRAN. Fars: Kuh Chah Siah bei Sivand , 16 July 1985, Stapf 1276 ( WU!) ; Ad radices Kuh Delu prope Deremgun , 17 June 1842, Kotschy 548 ( W!) ; Fars: Shiraz, Darengun , 1750 m, 29 June 2000, Mozaffarian 80351 ( TARI!) ; Fars: 18 km from main road Shiraz-Dashte Arjan to Darengun , 1750 m, 29 June 2000, Mozaffarian 80352 ( TARI!) ; Fars: ca. 8 km from main road Shiraz-Dashte Arjan to Darengun , 1880 m, 29 June 2000, Mozaffarian 80349, 80350 ( TARI!) ; Fars: Shiraz to Dashte Arjan , 1650m, 4 June 1992, Mozaffarian 71298 ( TARI!) ; Fars: ca. 25–30 km from Abade to Yazdkhast , 2100m, 28 June 2000, Mozaffarian 80338 ( TARI!) ; Fars: Shiraz to Jahrum, Khafr , 1270m 21 May 1999, Mozaffarian 79338 ( TARI!) ; Fars: Shiraz to Fasa, Deviation to Jahrum , 1480 m, 20 May 1999, Mozaffarian 79333 ( TARI!) ; Fars: Between Abade and Saadatshahr, Dehbid , 2300 m, 28 June 2000, Mozaffarian 80342 ( TARI!) ; Fars: ca. 6 km Shiraz to Marvdasht , 1700 m, 29 June 2000, Mozaffarian 80348 ( TARI!) ; Fars: ca. 15 km Jahrum to Juim , 1320 m, 21 May 1999, Mozaffarian 79344 ( TARI!) ; Fars: ca. 5 km from Kharame to Sarvestan , 1680 m, 20 May 1999, Mozaffarian 79322 ( TARI!) ; Fars: Sarvestan to Fasa, Mianjangal , 1720 m, 20 May 1999, Mozaffarian 79318 ( TARI!) ; Fars: ca. 20 km from deviation Shiraz-Fasa road to Jahrum , 1530 m, 20 May 1999, Mozaffarian 79334 ( TARI!) ; Fars: 65 km from Shiraz to Jahrum , 1460 m, 20 May 1999, Mozaffarian 79336 ( TARI!) ; Fars: ca. 15 km from Dashte Arjan to Shiraz , 2100 m, 24 July 1983, Assadi & Abouhamzeh, 46602 ( TARI!) ; Fars: Shiraz, Khane Zenian, Zakherd , 2050 m, 11 June 1992, Mozaffarian 71359 ( TARI!) ; Fars: Shiraz, Daremgun, foot mount. of Delu , 1900 m, 25 June 2000, Hatami 80423, 80424 ( TARI!) ; Yazd: Taft , neck mount. between Aliabad and Dehshir, 2550 m, 11 July 1996, Mozaffarian 77683 ( TARI!) ; Yazd: Yazd, Taft , 1520 m, Mozaffarian 77866 ( TARI!) ; Yazd: Mehriz , 1300–1700 m, 3 May 2000, Mozaffarian 79868 ( TARI!) ; Kerman, Mahan , ca. 1900 m, 6 May 1977, Assadi 23297 ( TARI!) ; Yazd: Mehriz, Kuh-e Lakhese 1950–2000 m, 29 May 1996, Mozaffarian 77472 ( TARI!) ; Yazd: ca. 10 km from Taft to Dehbala , 1800 m, 17 May 2000, Mozaffarian 79910, 79911 ( TARI!) ; Yazd: Mehriz to Dehbala , just beginning of the road to Banadak Sadat, 1800 m, 17 May 2000, Mozaffarian 79912 ( TARI!) ; Yazd: Mehriz to Dehbala, just beginning of the road to Banadak Sadat , between Fakhrabad and Honza, 1800 m, 16 May 1999, Mozaffarian 79259 ( TARI!) ; Yazd: W. of Yazd, Tezerjan, Barfkhane , 2600 m, 23 June 1975, Foroughi & Assadi 18022 ( TARI!) ; Yazd: Shirkuh, Dehbala , 2780 m, 11 July 1971, Mozaffarian 1948 ( TARI!) ; Yazd: Barfkhane, Tezerjan , 2700 m, 4 July 1972, Foroughi 4081, 4082 ( TARI!) ; Fars: Shiraz-Boushehr road, 1610 m, 21 May 2013, Montazerolghaem 19959 ( HUI!) ; Fars: from Sarvestan to Kharame, 7 km to Kharame , 1690 m, 22 May 2013, Montazerolghaem 19965, 19966, 19967 ( HUI!) ; Fars: Shiraz-Fasa road, 5 km to Koohanjan , 1480 m, 22 May 2013, Montazerolghaem 19968 ( HUI!) ; Fars: Shiraz-Fasa road, 60 km to Sarvestan , 1510 m, 22 May 2013, Montazerolghaem 19971 ( HUI!) ; Fars: Sarvestan to Fasa, 52 km to Fasa , 1668 m, 22 May 2013, Montazerolghaem 19973, 19974 ( HUI!) ; Fars: Sarvestan to Kharame, 1 km after Kharame , 1562 m, 22 May 2013, Montazerolghaem 19975 ( HUI!) ; Fars: Fasa-Estahban road, 20 km to Estahban , 1637 m, 22 May 2013, Montazerolghaem 19976, 19977, 19978 ( HUI!) ; Fars: Estahban to Eij , 1814 m, 22 May 2013, Montazerolghaem 19984 ( HUI!) ; Fars: Lar, Ewaz to Khonj , 57 km Khonj, 1002 m, 13 May 2015, Montazerolghaem 20038 ( HUI!) ; Fars: Shiraz to Jahrom, 65 km to Jahrom , 1260 m, 13 May 2015, Montazerolghaem 20041 ( HUI!) ; Fars: Jahrom to Lar, 100 km to Lar , 1084 m, 13 May 2015, Montazerolghaem 20049 ( HUI!) .