Deltochilum

Silva, Fernando A. B., Louzada, Júlio & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando, 2015, A revision of the Deltochilum subgenus Aganhyboma Kolbe, 1893 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), Zootaxa 3925 (4), pp. 451-504 : 455-456

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.4.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:69DADAD6-84DA-4CBE-B653-6527293BA560
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115682
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE87D5-8536-FF84-5991-FF6150D2F96B
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Deltochilum
status

Treatment

Key to adults of species of Deltochilum View in CoL subgenus Aganhyboma

1. Dorsal interocular distance nine to ten times eye width (Fig. 60); ninth interstria completely longitudinally carinate; elytral lateral edge bounded by the carina of ninth interstria (Fig. 62); length of sixth abdominal ventrite at midline equal to or less than that of fifth ventrite; metafemur clearly narrowed at base (Fig. 64). ( trisignatum View in CoL group).............................. 2

- Dorsal interocular distance three to four times eye width (Fig. 61); carina of ninth elytral interstria at most extending 3/4 length of interstria; posterior part of elytral lateral edge formed by the pseudepipleural carina (Fig. 63); length of sixth abdominal ventrite at midline greater than that of fifth ventrite; metafemur slightly narrowed at base (Fig. 65). ( valgum View in CoL group)..........9

2. Apex of pygidium rounded; basal third of the protibia abruptly expanded along inner edge (weakly indicated in D. amandaarcanjoae View in CoL ) (Fig. 66); medial lateral tooth of protibia closer to apical tooth than to basal tooth; apical one-third of metatibia strongly curved inward (weakly indicated in D. amandaarcanjoae View in CoL ) (Fig. 67) ( trisignatum View in CoL complex).................... 3

- Apex of pygidium acuminate (Fig. 73); protibia not abruptly widened; medial lateral tooth of protibia about equidistant from basal and apical teeth; apical one-third of metatibia only slightly curved inward (Fig. 68) ( cupreicolle View in CoL complex).......... 6

3. Body completely bluish-black or violaceous ( Fig. 98 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ); margin of pronotum (close to lateral angles) straight, without depression; punctuation of abdominal sternites concentrated anterolaterally; anterior edge of profemur, in ventral view, with a complete margin. Male genitalia fig. 8. Brazil and Paraguay (Cerrado and Chaco).............. D. amandaarcanjoae View in CoL ( Fig. 98 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ).

- Body not colored as above; margin of pronotum (close to lateral angles) curved inward; punctuation of abdominal sternites concentrated on anterior margin and posterior margin; anterior margin of profemur effaced at middle portion (Fig. 69)..... 4

4. Head and pronotum green; pronotum lacking distinct spots; basal carina of seventh interstria longer than metatibial spur... 5

- Head and pronotum differently coloured; anterior edge of pronotum with three black spots; elytra brown; basal carina of seventh interstria short ( Fig. 95 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ), approximately the same length as metatibial spur. Male genitalia figs 9, 27, 35, 44, 52. Brazil (southern Bahia, Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais)....................................... .. D. trisignatum View in CoL ( Fig. 95 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ).

5. Elytra with ocellate punctures (microtubercles) ( Fig. 70 View FIGURE 70 ); elytra surface slightly rugose, with an opaque sheen, except in ocellate punctures, which are shiny; apex of second interstria with tubercle. Brazil (Minas Gerais)...... D. violaceum View in CoL ( Fig. 97 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ).

- Elytra surface smooth, without ocellate punctures and with strong bright metallic color ( Fig. 96 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ); apex of second interstria without tubercle or tubercle weakly indicated. Brazil (Atlantic Forest of northeast region).............. D. kolbei View in CoL ( Fig. 96 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ).

6. Basal carina of seventh interstria elongate, length about four times the width of the seventh interestria (Fig. 71); foveiform punctures on anterior portion of third interstria small, separated by three times or more their diameter; punctures at center of the third elytral stria separated by 1.5 times or less their diameter................................................7

- Basal carina of seventh interstria short, length about twice the width of the seventh interestria (Fig. 72); foveiform punctures on anterior portion of third interstria separated by less than three times their diameter; punctures at center of the third elytral stria separated by two or more times their diameter...........................................................8

7. Head with strong green coloration and metallic sheen; posteromedial portion of pronotum with a semi-circular band which extends up to half of pronotal disc ( Fig. 101 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ), or pronotum completely green ( Figs 102 View FIGURES 95 – 102 , 103 View FIGURES 103 – 110 ); elytra dark green; male with apex of pygidium strongly acuminate (Fig. 73). Male genitalia figs 6, 34, 43, 51, 59. Brazil and Paraguay (Cerrado and Chaco)........................................................................... D. viridescens View in CoL ( Figs 101, 102 View FIGURES 95 – 102 , 103 View FIGURES 103 – 110 ).

- Head with weak green or black-violaceous coloration, and an opaque sheen ( Figs 104, 105 View FIGURES 103 – 110 ); posteromedial portion of pronotum lacking greenish band or only faintly indicated; elytra with dark green or black-violaceous coloration; male with apex of pygidium weakly acuminate or rounded. Male genitalia figs 7, 34. Argentina, southern Brazil, Uruguay [doubtful]..................................................................................... D. viridicatum View in CoL ( Figs 104, 105 View FIGURES 103 – 110 ).

8. Elytra dark brown or black ( Fig. 100 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ); disc of pronotum with transverse oval spot ( Fig. 100 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ); aedeagus with short parameres and phallobase ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 4 – 11 ). Male genitalia figs 4, 42. Brazil (Goiás, Minas Gerais)................ D. titovidaurrei View in CoL ( Fig. 100 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ).

- Elytra reddish or light brown ( Fig. 99 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ); disc of pronotum lacking transverse oval spot. When pronotal disc presents this spot, elytra never dark brown or black; aedeagus with parameres and phallobase more elongate ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 4 – 11 ). Male genitalia figs 5, 25, 33, 50. Bolivia and Brazil (Cerrado and Chaco)........................................... D. cupreicolle View in CoL ( Fig. 99 View FIGURES 95 – 102 ).

9. Elytral striae narrow, with carinate margins close and almost touching (Fig. 74) ( finestriatum View in CoL complex)................10

- Elytral striae wider, with carinate margins clearly separated (Fig. 75)........................................... 12

10. Microtubercles of discal interstriae weakly indicated and united by depressed glossy areas making their delimitation difficult. Elytra with dark brown sheen (Fig. 74); elytra oval-elongate with lateral edges slightly convex ( Fig. 116 View FIGURES 111 – 118 ). Male genitalia figs 11, 28, 36, 45, 53. Brazil (Atlantic Forest of south and southeast regions)..................... D. finestriatum View in CoL ( Fig. 116 View FIGURES 111 – 118 ).

- Microtubercles of discal interstriae prominent, united or not by glossy spots. Elytral surface with or without red metallic sheen; elytra rounded, sides distinctly convex.................................................................... 11

11. Punctures of anteromedial portion of hypomera separated by at least one diameter (Fig. 78); pronotum with red metallic sheen ( Fig. 114 View FIGURES 111 – 118 ); elytral microtubercles weakly delimited, with red-cupreous sheen (Fig. 76). Brazil (Minas Gerais)............................................................................................... D. cangalha View in CoL ( Fig. 114 View FIGURES 111 – 118 ).

- Punctures of anteromedial portion of hypomera separated by less than one diameter (Fig. 79); pronotum black with an opaque sheen or weak luster ( Fig. 115 View FIGURES 111 – 118 ); elytral microtubercles well delimited, with brown sheen (Fig. 77). Brazil (Alagoas).......................................................................................... D. alpercata View in CoL ( Fig. 115 View FIGURES 111 – 118 ).

12. Basal carina of ninth interstriae extending at most to midway along elytra (Fig. 80). If basal carina of ninth interstriae extending 3/4 along elytral length, pseudepipleural carina incomplete, effaced medially (Fig. 80) ( acropyge View in CoL complex).......... 13

- Basal carina of ninth interstria extending 3/4 or more along elytral length; pseudepipleural carina complete, visible entire length of epipleuron ( valgum View in CoL complex)................................................................... 20

13. Pseudepipleural carina complete, visible entire length of epipleuron; male genitalia figs 13, 46. Mexico to Panama........................................................................................... D. acropyge View in CoL ( Fig. 106 View FIGURES 103 – 110 ).

- Pseudepipleural carina incomplete, effaced medially (Fig. 80)................................................. 14

14. Hypomera with foveiform punctures dense on anterior and posterior portions ( Fig. 81 View FIGURES 81 – 83 )............................. 15

- Hypomera with dense foveiform punctures on anterior portion only (punctures not touching), and absent or dispersed punctures in a diagonal band ( Figs 82–83 View FIGURES 81 – 83 , indicated by arrow).................................................... 16

15. Foveiform punctures of head almost touching, separated in dorsal interocular surface by about half diameter. Guyana, French Guiana and Trinidad and Tobago........................................................... D. feeri View in CoL ( Fig. 107 View FIGURES 103 – 110 ).

- Foveiform punctures of head touching. Brazil (South of the Amazon Basin in Mato Grosso and Pará)................................................................................................. D. schefflerorum View in CoL ( Fig. 108 View FIGURES 103 – 110 ).

16. Diagonal band of hypomera lacking punctures or with one or two isolated punctures ( Fig. 83 View FIGURES 81 – 83 )............................................................................................................................ 17

- Diagonal band of hypomera with dispersed but obvious punctures ( Fig. 82 View FIGURES 81 – 83 )....................................... 19

17. Punctures of elytral striae often elliptical, separated by irregular spacing. Some punctures close, while others are clearly dispersed (Fig. 84); length> 13 mm. Male genitalia figs 16, 37. Colombia........................ D. longiceps View in CoL ( Fig. 110 View FIGURES 103 – 110 ).

- Punctures of elytral striae round, or at most only weakly elliptical and almost always regularly spaced; length <13 mm ... 18

18. Length of edge of pronotum between lateral and posterior angles less than that between anterior and lateral angles; elytral striae with round punctures; apex of second interstria without carina. Brazil (Amazonas)........ D. streblopodum View in CoL ( Fig. 109 View FIGURES 103 – 110 ).

- Length of anterior and posterior portions of lateral pronotal edge approximately equal; elytral striae with weakly elliptical punctures; apex of second interstria with carina. Male genitalia fig. 15. Panama and Costa Rica..... D. acanthus View in CoL ( Fig. 111 View FIGURES 111 – 118 ).

19. Foveiform punctures of head separated in dorsal interocular surface by approximately half diameter; dorsal interocular distance approximately three times eye width; foveiform punctures of interstria surrounded by approximately four well-defined shiny microtubercles; apex of second interstria with inconspicuous carina or tubercle; length> 13 mm. Ecuador............................................................................................... D. arturoi View in CoL ( Fig. 112 View FIGURES 111 – 118 ).

- Foveiform punctures of head nearly touching; dorsal interocular distance approximately 2.5 times eye width; foveiform punctures of interstriae surrounded by approximately five well-defined shiny microtubercles; apex of second interstria without carina or tubercle; length <13 mm. Male genitalia fig. 14. Peru................................. D. larseni View in CoL ( Fig. 113 View FIGURES 111 – 118 ).

20. Third interstria with foveiform punctures covering entire interstrial surface; elytral surface with opaque or silky sheen; black coloration........................................................................................... 21

- Foveiform punctures of third interstria denser laterally (punctures can be so scattered at center of interstria to produce smooth midlongitudinal strip) (Fig. 86); elytra metallic; copper-red coloration ( icariforme View in CoL subcomplex)...................... 22

21. Apical carina of third interstria only somewhat more prominent than apical carinae of second and fourth interstriae (Fig. 87); foveiform punctures of posteromedial portion of pronotum usually separated by less than one diameter; interstrial microtubercles usually inconspicuous, sometimes blending in with remainder of interstria surface. Male genitalia figs 18, 31, 39, 48. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.................................................. D. icaroides View in CoL ( Fig. 117 View FIGURES 111 – 118 ).

- Apical carina of third interstria distinctly more prominent and round than apical carinae of second and fourth interstriae (Fig. 88); foveiform punctures of posteromedial portion of pronotum usually separated by at least one diameter; interstrial microtubercles dense and prominent. Male genitalia figs 17, 30, 38, 47, 55. Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay... D. valgum View in CoL ( Fig. 118 View FIGURES 111 – 118 ).

22. Apical carina of seventh interstria elongate, length greater than the sum of lengths of apical carinae of fifth and sixth interstriae; basal carina of seventh interstria clearly shorter than apical carina........................................ 23

- Apical carina of seventh interstria with length less than or equal to the sum of lengths of apical carinae of fifth and sixth interstriae; basal carina of seventh interstria equal to or longer than apical carina...................................... 24

23. Basal carina of ninth interstria surpassing anterior limit of apical carina of seventh interstria; elytral lateral edges distinctly curved outward ( Fig. 121 View FIGURES 119 – 123 ). Male genitalia fig. 20. Brazil (Mato Grosso).......................... D. paresi View in CoL ( Fig. 121 View FIGURES 119 – 123 ).

- Basal carina of ninth interstria not surpassing anterior limit of apical carina of seventh interstria; elytral lateral edges slightly curved outward ( Fig. 120 View FIGURES 119 – 123 ). Male genitalia figs 21, 32, 40, 57. Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso and São Paulo)................................................................................................ D. icariforme View in CoL ( Fig. 120 View FIGURES 119 – 123 ).

24. Lateral edges of elytra subparallel or slightly curved outward ( Figs 122, 123 View FIGURES 119 – 123 ). If curved outward, body never completely copper with reddish metallic sheen; dark brown or black coloration, with greenish or slightly reddish metallic sheen........ 25

- Elytral lateral edge distinctly curved outward; entirely copper and reddish metallic sheen. Male genitalia figs 22, 58. Brazil (Bahia, Ceará, Minas Gerais and Piauí)................................................ D. ritamourae View in CoL ( Fig. 119 View FIGURES 119 – 123 ).

25. Microtubercles of elytral interstriae absent or inconspicuous (Fig. 86); foveiform punctures near the center of posterior edge of pronotum separated by at least one diameter. Male genitalia figs 23, 41. Argentina (Misiones)...... D. subrubrum View in CoL ( Fig. 123 View FIGURES 119 – 123 ).

- Elytral microtubercles more conspicuous on lateral interstriae; foveiform punctures near the center of posterior edge of pronotum separated by less than one diameter. Male genitalia figs 19, 49, 56. Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo)............................................................................................ D. kolleri View in CoL ( Fig. 122 View FIGURES 119 – 123 ).