Anthophora (Micranthophora) timberlakei, Orr & Pitts & Griswold, 2018

Orr, Michael C., Pitts, James P. & Griswold, Terry, 2018, Revision of the bee group Anthophora (Micranthophora) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with notes on potential conservation concerns and a molecular phylogeny of the genus, Zootaxa 4511 (1), pp. 1-193 : 130-132

Anthophora (Micranthophora) timberlakei , SP. NOV.

( Figs. 43B , 48B , 53B , 58B , 63B , 68B , 73B , 78B )

Anthophora (Micranthophora) timberlakei ( holotype: ♀; Big Dune, 1.2 km NW, Nevada, USA; coll. M.C. Orr, 29 Apr. 2013, at Chaenactis ; BBSL, BBSL919549 / HOLO105 ) .

Verbatim: “ USA:NV Nye Co. Big Dune, 1.2 km NW N36.6618 W116.6086 29 Apr 2013 M.C. Orr Chaenactis sp. BBSL919549” “ HOLOTYPE Anthophora timberlakei female Orr BBSL919549.”

Diagnosis. Females may be determined by the following character combination: galea shiny, with weak tessellation if any; supraclypeus immaculate; scutum shiny, with impunctate areas; basitibial plate elongate, ovular; T2–T4 with relatively broad apical appressed setal bands; and anal fimbria light, orange to light brown. Males may be determined by the following character combination: scape immaculate; scutum shiny, with impunctate areas; basitibial plate present, sometimes obscured by setae; terga moderately tessellate, with weak reflections if any; T7 with medial longitudinal carina, lateral projections sharp, and medial projections sharp but slightly less so ( Fig. 63B ).

Male description. Head: Facial maculations pale yellow to yellow-green. Galea reaching about middle of foretrochanter in repose; amber to light brown; smooth to weakly tessellate, typically very reflective. Mandible with inferior tooth ovular to weakly triangular, running roughly parallel to main blade; maculated from base to inferior tooth start or finish ( Fig. 53B ). Labral rim tridentate. Clypeal maculation a band or vague trapezoid, not reaching lateral sides, almost always at most filling half of clypeal height ( Fig. 53B ); punctation significantly sparser within maculation than without. Paraocular area immaculate. Supraclypeal area immaculate. Scape immaculate. Mesosoma: Scutum shiny; with distinct impunctate areas. Tegula transparent, tan orangish to light brown. Basitibial plate present; though all but tip often obscured by setae. Metasoma: T1 covered in appressed setae, sometimes sparser basally; T2–T4 apical appressed setal bands thinner; T5–T6 with or without appressed setae. Terga shiny to moderately tessellate between punctures, reflections variable; often apparent through appressed setae. Tergal rims transparent, tan to light brown. Male T7 ( Fig. 63B ) with strong medial longitudinal carina; lateral projections strongly recurved, sharp; medial projections thin, narrowly apically pointed, though not as sharp as lateral projections. Male S5 ( Figs. 38A, 38C ) setal arrangement unremarkable, without large, distinctive patches, at most longer along rim. Male S6 ( Fig. 38A ) clearly medially emarginate. Male S7 ( Fig. 68B ) with setae absent or nearly so around midpoint of length; widening from midpoint to tip, apical half widest at, near rounded lateral tips; apical half heart-shaped, rim broadly emarginate between lateral tips. Male S8 ( Fig. 73B ) lateral projections distinct; medial projection narrowing to tip, apically emarginate. Male genital capsule ( Fig. 78B ) with outer corners, where gonocoxite tips curve inward, marked by low and relatively indistinct flange, best seen in profile; from corner to apex, in profile, gonocoxite with distinct secondary flange via deep and abrupt excavation in latter half; tip, in profile, pointed and weakly curved ventrally, with minor dorsal projection reduced and rounded; gonostylus tip position slightly exceeding that of gonocoxite, measured from above along primary axis of latter. Pubescence: See Fig. 58B . Appears dark gray overall. Setae generally white to off-white, except as follows: vertex usually with some dark intermixing around ocelli; scutum typically intermixed light and dark; forelegs with some dark usually; leg inner faces light orange; tergal basal zones dark.

Female similar to male, except: Head: Mandible with inferior tooth ridge-like, weakly angled off main blade if at all ( Fig. 43B ). Labral rim rounded; fully maculated. Clypeal maculation a band, not reaching lateral sides, tallest medially where it typically fills half the clypeal height ( Fig. 43B ). Mesosoma: Midtibial spur apically curved; tan to orange. Basitibial plate narrowly rounded distally, unusually elongate, ovular overall ( Fig. 48B ). Metasoma: T1 covered in appressed setae; T2–T4 with broad apical appressed setal bands; T5 with variable appressed setae, usually extensive. T4 of moderate to broad length medially, at most nearly triangular. Anal fimbria mound-like to vaguely and broadly triangular, typically filling about third or less of T5 length medially. Pubescence: See Fig. 48B . Hindbasitarsal brush orangish to light brown; anal fimbria orangish to light brown.

Distribution. See Fig. 31 . Present in USA: California, Nevada, Arizona, possibly Utah, possibly New Mexico; Mexico: likely Sonora, likely Baja California Norte. Found most commonly in Mojave and Sonoran Deserts, as well as Great Basin Desert. Ecoregional habitance is as follows, based on 167 specimen records: 5 ecoregions total: Mojave Desert (116=69.4%), Sonoran Desert (36=21.7%), Great Basin shrub steppe (12=7.2%), Chihuahuan Desert (2=1.2%), Sierra Nevada forests (1≤1%).

Phenology. Recorded from March–June, August, November, almost exclusively spring, most common in April–May. Univoltine, single August (Nye Co., NV) and November (Riverside Co., CA) records possibly mislabeled or opportunistic emergences.

Nesting biology. This bee was seen nesting in horizontal, finely-grained soil by T. Griswold. Further details on this new record will be presented in a subsequent review of the group’s nesting biology.

Floral specialization. Specialist on Asteraceae , likely more narrowly specialized on Chaenactis , given visitation records. Primary recorded visits by 39 females include: Family Asteraceae (87%), Fabaceae (10%); Genus Chaenactis (74%); Species Chaenactis carphoclinia (10%). 83 total floral records from four families include: Asteraceae (34 ♂ 34 ♀): Adenophyllum cooperi 2 ♀, Baileya multiradiata 13 ♂ 1 ♀, Baileya pleniradiata 1 ♂, Baileya sp. 1 ♀, Bebbia juncea 1 ♀, Chaenactis carphoclinia 4 ♀, Chaenactis fremontii 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Chaenactis sp. 4 ♂ 23 ♀, Encelia farinosa 7 ♂, Encelia virginensis 2 ♂, Ericameria sp. 2 ♂, Geraea canescens 1 ♂, Malacothrix glabrata 1 ♂, Palafoxia linearis 1 ♂, Boraginaceae (3 ♂): Cryptantha angustifolia 1 ♂, Heliotropium curassavicum 2 ♂, Fabaceae (6 ♂ 4 ♀): Dalea mollis 1 ♂, Dalea sp. 1 ♂, Lotus sp. 1 ♀, Parkinsonia florida 2 ♂, Psorothamnus emoryi 3 ♀, Psorothamnus sp. 2 ♂, Malvaceae (1 ♂ 1 ♀): Sphaeralcea ambigua 1 ♂, Sphaeralcea sp. 1 ♀.

Etymology. This species was first considered new by P.H. Timberlake, who called it “mojavensis,” though it was never described. Given this, and Timberlake’s several contributions to Anthophora taxonomy, this species is named in his honor. Note that this species is called “ aff. estebana ” on determination labels prior to the choice of a species name.

Paratypes: USA: ARIZONA: Maricopa County: Wickenburg, 4 air km WNW; Vulture Mine Rd : 1 ♀, 5 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr ; CALIFORNIA: Inyo County: Eureka Valley: 2 ♂, 17 May 1995, T. L. Griswold; Inyo Mountains , E Big Pine: 1 ♂, 18 May 1995, T. L. Griswold; Keeler-Darwin : 1 ♂, 22 May 1937, E.C. VanDyke; Kramer Junction : 1 ♂, 1 May 1936, C.M. Dammers ( UCRC ENT); Riverside County: Joshua Tree National Monument, 17 mi. S Squaw Tank: 1 ♂, 29 Apr 1966, E.L. Sleeper, S.L. Jenkins ( CAS) ; San Bernardino County: S of Avawatz Mountains, Mohave Desert: 1 ♀, 30 Apr 1927, P.H. Timberlake ( UCRC ENT); NEVADA: Clark County : Crystal : 1 ♂, 9 May 1961, G.E. Bohart ; Nye County: Big Dune, 1.2 km NW: 3 ♀, 29 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; Moores Creek: 1 ♀, 6 Jun 1979, R. W. Rust; Peavine Creek : 2 ♀, 6 Jun 1929, R. W. Rust; 1 ♀, 6 Jun 1979, R. W. Rust .

Other specimens examined: USA: ARIZONA: Graham County: Cluff Wildlife Area: Pima, 10km SW: 2 ♀, 2–10 Apr 2015, M.E. Irwin; La Paz County: Quartzite, 11 mi S on rt 95: 1 ♀, 4 Apr 1988, K.W. Cooper; Salome, 21.7 km NE; hwy 60: 1 ♀, 4 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Maricopa County: Gila Bend, 18 mi S: 1 ♀, 18 Apr 1965, S.A. Gorodenski, J.M. Davidson, M.A. Cazier; Mesa, 5 mi N: 1 ♀, 16 Apr 1964, W.F. Barr; Mohave County: Kingman, 15 mi S: 1 ♂, 17 Apr 1962, G.E. Bohart; Wikieup: 1 ♂, 14 Apr 1964, R.L. Westcott; Pima County: Marana: 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1973, G.E. Bohart; Pinal County: Red Rock: 1 ♀, 19 Apr 1962, G.E. Bohart; Yuma County: Quartzite, 25 mi S: 1 ♂, 16 Apr 1965, S.A. Gorodenski, J.M. Davidson, M.A. Cazier; Quartzsite, 14 mi S: 1 ♂, 31 Mar 1968, R.M. Bohart; Vicksburg, 7 mi NW: 2 ♂, 15 Apr 1965, S.A. Gorodenski, J.M. Davidson, M.A. Cazier; Yuma, 18 mi N: 1 ♀, 17 Apr 1969, P.F. Torchio; CALIFORNIA: Imperial County: 3.4 mi SW Palo Verde: 1 ♂, 3 Apr 1960, P.H. Timberlake; Westmorland: 1 ♂ 2 ♂, 31 May 1930, P.H. Timberlake; Inyo County: DEVA; Last Chance Mountain, 10.2 air km SSE; roadside: 1 ♀, 27 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Last Chance Mountain, 7.8 air km SE; roadside: 2 ♀, 27 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Last Chance Mountain, 9.1 air km SE; roadside: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 27 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Shoshone, 3 air km NW; hwy 178: 1 ♀, 11 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Darwin Falls: 1 ♂, 9 Apr 1972, G.E. Bohart; Death Valley Junction, 10.5 km W; hwy 190: 1 ♀, 26 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; Death Valley National Park; Emigrant Canyon; near Emigrant Springs: 1 ♀, 14 Apr 2014, T.L. Griswold; Death Valley, N end, Midway Well: 1 ♂, 24 Apr 1964, W.F. Barr; Lone Pine: 2 ♂, 24 May 1937, E.C. VanDyke; Saline Valley: 1 ♀, 18 May 1995, T.L. Griswold; Santa Rosa Hills: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 21 May 1995, T.L. Griswold; Santa Rosa Hills; BM 5376.4, 1km NE: 1 ♂, 15 Apr 2014, T.L. Griswold; Sawtooth Peak, 4 air km NEbN: 1 ♀, 26 May 2008, T.L. Griswold; Kern County: Indian Wells, 1 Km S: 2 ♂, 19 Apr 2012, T.L. Griswold; Inyokern, 4 mi NE: 1 ♂, 24 Apr 1960, D.D. Linsdale; Mesquite Canyon, El Paso Mountains: 1 ♂, 15 Apr 1964, R.R. Snelling; Riverside County: 18 mi W Blythe [= 18.1 mi W Blythe, = 1 mi E Ford Dry Lake Road], Chuckwalla Valley: 1 ♀, 8 Apr 1963, E.I. Schlinger; 5 mi S Palm Springs: 1 ♂, 8 Jun 1930, collector unknown; Blythe, 18 mi W: 3 ♂, 2 Apr 1963, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 2 Apr 1963, M.E. Irwin; 1 ♀, 3 Apr 1963, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 3 Apr 1963, M.E. Irwin; Joshua Tree National Park; Barker Dam, 1.7 air km SE; Queen Valley: 1 ♂, 25 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; Joshua Tree National Park; Belle Campground: 2 ♂, 21 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Joshua Tree National Park; Eagle Mountains HP, 6.8 air km NW: 1 ♂, 19 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Magnesia Spring Canyon [= Magnesia Canyon], SW Rancho Mirage, Coachella Valley: 1 ♀, 28 Jun 1952, collector unknown; Painted Canyon, (vic. parking area, 4.6 mi from jct Box Canyon Road), Mecca Hills: 2 ♂, 18 Apr 1925, P.H. Timberlake; Palm Springs, Araby Wash: 1 ♂, 1–4 May 2016, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; Whitewater (= White Water): 1 ♀, 26 Nov 1935, C.M. Dammers; San Bernardino County: 1 mi S Sunflower Spring, Old Woman Mountains: 1 ♂, 23 May 1965, R.R. Snelling; Adelanto: 1 ♂, 11 May 1979, R.M. Bohart; Big Morongo Canyon: 1 ♂, 23 Mar 1984, K.W. Cooper; Carsons Wells: 1 ♂, 4 Apr 1966, D.R. Miller; 1 ♂, 10 Apr 1966, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♂, 3 Apr 1968, R.M. Bohart; Colton Hills: 2 ♂, 17 Apr 1980, T.L. Griswold; Cottonwood Wash: 1 ♀, 10 Apr 1995, T.L. Griswold; Earp, 11 mi NE: 1 ♀, 6 May 1953, C.D. MacNeil; Kelbaker Road, 5.5 mi S Granite Pass, 20 mi S Kelso, Mojave National Preserve: 1 ♀, 30 Apr 1966, P.H. Timberlake; 3 ♀, 30 Apr 1966, collector unknown; Kelbaker Road, Granite Pass, Mojave National Preserve: 1 ♀, 27 Apr 1968, E.I. Schlinger; Kelso Dunes: 1 ♀, 13 May 1978, T.L. Griswold; Kelso Dunes, 2.6 km E mouth of Bull Canyon: 4 ♂, 4 May 2009, T.L. Griswold; Kelso Dunes, mouth of Bull Canyon: 1 ♂, 4 May 2009, T.L. Griswold; Kelso Wash: 2 ♂, 16 May 1980, T.L. Griswold; Kelso, 10 mi NE: 1 ♂, 2 May 1980, T.L. Griswold; Kelso, 5.1 mi NE: 1 ♂, 4 May 1980, T.L. Griswold; Kramer: 2 ♀, 24 May 1964, M.S. Wasbauer; Kramer Hills: 1 ♀, 3 May 1939, P.H. Timberlake; Mid Hills, 9 mi SSE Cima: 1 ♂, 26 May 1976, T.L. Griswold; Morongo [= Morongo Valley], San Bernardino Mountains: 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1957, collector unknown; 2 ♂, 12 Apr 1960, R.R. Snelling; Needles, 20 mi N: 1 ♀, 15 Mar 1972, P.F. Torchio, B. Apperson; Phelan, 5 mi N: 1 ♀, 5 May 1956, J. Powell; Providence Mountains: 1 ♀, 12 May 1978, T.L. Griswold; S of Avawatz Mountains, Mohave Desert: 1 ♂, 30 Apr 1927, P.H. Timberlake; Timico Acres: 1 ♂, 10 May 1983, K.W. Cooper; Van Winkle Wash, 5.7km SE Van Winkle Mt: 1 ♂, 25 Mar 2016, T.L. Griswold; Yermo: 1 ♀, 2 Jun 1941, E.C. VanDyke; 3 ♀, 2 Jun 1941, P.H. Timberlake; NEVADA: Clark County : 3.2 mi W McCullough Pass: 1 ♀, 9 May 2005, S.M. Higbee; 1 ♀, 10 May 2005, D. Allen; Blue Point Spr.: 1 ♀, 20 Apr 2005, R. Andrus; Corn Creek Springs, N: 1 ♀, 17 Jun 1998, M. Andres, K. Keen, K. Receveur, C. Schultz; Crystal: 2 ♀, 9 May 1961, G.E. Bohart; Eldorado Mountains, SW: 2 ♀, 9 Jun 1998, M. Andres, K. Keen; Las Vegas, 20 mi N: 1 ♂, 16 May 1993, P.F. Torchio; Mormon Mesa: 1 ♂, 6 May 1998, T.L. Griswold; Mormon Well Road: 1 ♀, 17 Jun 1998, F.D. Parker; Mud Wash: 1 ♂, 7 May 1998, T.L. Griswold; Saint Thomas Gap, 11 km N: 1 ♀, 27 Apr 1987, D.K. Broemeling; Searchlight, 5 mi N: 1 ♂, 3 May 1964, P. Torchio, G. Bohart; 1 ♀, 3 May 1964, P.F. Torchio, G.E. Bohart; Sheep Mountain, W: 7 ♂ 1 ♂, 4 May 1998, M. Andres, K. Keen; 1 ♂ 3 ♂, 4 May 1998, T.L. Griswold; 1 ♂, 8 May 1998, T.L. Griswold; Lincoln County: Alamo: 1 ♀, 25 Apr 1973, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 28 Apr 1973, F.D. Parker, P.F. Torchio; Mineral County: Mina, 8 mi S Jct Hwy 95 & 306: 1 ♀, 17 Jun–21 Jul 1988, J.L. Carpenter; Nye County: Ash Meadows NWR, Creosote dune, BT: 1 ♂, 18 Apr 2009, N. Boehme; Ash Meadows NWR, Non-dune tree & grass site, N Devils Hole Rd., BT: 1 ♀, 14 May 2009, N. Boehme; Ash Meadows NWR, School Spring dunes, Pitfall 38J: 2 ♀, 13 May 2009, N. Boehme; Ash Meadows NWR, School Springs dune, BT: 1 ♂, 17 Apr 2009, N. Boehme; Ash Meadows NWR, Site A, BT: 1 ♂, 17 Apr 2009, N. Boehme; Crystal, near: 1 ♀, 9 May 1961, G.E. Bohart; Moores Creek: 1 ♀, 6 Jun 1979, R.W. Rust; Peavine Creek: 1 ♀, 6 Jun 1929, R.W. Rust; Tonopah, 5 mi E: 1 ♂, 31 Aug 1968, D.R. Miller, J.E. Lauck; Pershing County: Lovelock, 8 mi S: 1 ♂, 30 May 1958, T.R. Haig.

Figures

FIGURE 31. Distribution of Anthophora timberlakei. Generated with 167 specimen records from 100 locations.

FIGURE 38. Male sterna, S5 setae density and S6 rim form. Scale=0.5 mm. A) S5 with sparse setae; S6 medially emarginate, at least vaguely triangularly, evenly so (A. estebana, 72476). B) S5 setae density high, appearing tufted; S6 medially emarginate, at least vaguely triangularly, but at least slightly filled medially, sometimes tufted (A. maculifrons, 82068). C) S5 with sparse setae; S6 entire or nearly so, with transparent square of integument (A. petrophila, BBSL655748). D) S5 setae density high; S6 entire, medially knobbed (A. flavocincta, BBSL504065).

FIGURE 43. Female face of A) Anthophora striata (BBSL274662), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL275507). Scale=0.5 mm.

FIGURE 48. Female habitus of A) Anthophora striata (102083), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL502653). Scale=1 mm.

FIGURE 53. Male face of A) Anthophora striata (102059), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL277680). Scale=0.5 mm.

FIGURE 58. Male habitus of A) Anthophora striata (BBSL274667), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL812993). Scale=1 mm.

FIGURE 63. Male T7 of A) Anthophora striata (BBSL274665), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL281867). Scale=0.25 mm.

FIGURE 68. Male S7 of A) Anthophora striata (102070), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL502620). Scale=0.25 mm.

FIGURE 73. Male S8 of A) Anthophora striata (102070), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL502620). Scale=0.25 mm.

FIGURE 78. Male genital capsule of A) Anthophora striata (102070), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL502624). Scale=0.25 mm.