Anthophora (Micranthophora) exigua Cresson, 1879

Orr, Michael C., Pitts, James P. & Griswold, Terry, 2018, Revision of the bee group Anthophora (Micranthophora) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with notes on potential conservation concerns and a molecular phylogeny of the genus, Zootaxa 4511 (1), pp. 1-193 : 65-72

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4511.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:754B8A42-E269-42B5-92EB-043F3BEAA055
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3798730
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE87C1-D86E-D93E-EDE4-43DDE33D90B8
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Anthophora (Micranthophora) exigua Cresson, 1879
status

Treatment

Anthophora (Micranthophora) exigua Cresson, 1879 View in CoL

( Figs. 37B View FIGURE 37 , 40E View FIGURE 40 , 45E View FIGURE 45 , 50E View FIGURE 50 , 55E View FIGURE 55 , 60E View FIGURE 60 , 65E View FIGURE 65 , 70E View FIGURE 70 , 75E View FIGURE 75 )

Anthophora exigua Cresson, 1879: 211 View in CoL (lectotype ( Cresson, 1916): ♀; Nevada, USA; coll. Morrison; ANSP, 2276). Anthophora nigritula Cockerell, 1924: 52 View in CoL (holotype: ♀; Huntington Lake, CA, USA; coll. E.P. Van Duzee, 18 Jul. 1919;

CASENT, type 1575 ). NEW SYNONYM.

Diagnosis. Males may be determined by the following character combination: facial maculations unusually pale, white to slightly yellow-green ( Fig. 50E View FIGURE 50 ); galea strongly tessellate, dull; supraclypeal maculation present and strong, typically a transverse bar with rounded corners; T7 without medial longitudinal carina, lateral projections moderately sharp, and medial projections close together and rounded ( Fig. 60E View FIGURE 60 ); and S6 with medial emargination slightly filled by transparent integument (somewhat similar to Fig. 38C View FIGURE 38 ). Females are immediately recognizable for the form of the anal fimbria, which is only very slightly larger medially, most of the setae there directed posteriorly over the rim ( Fig. 37B View FIGURE 37 ). Females may be otherwise determined by the following character combination: facial maculations unusually pale, white to slightly yellow-green ( Fig. 40E View FIGURE 40 ); galea strongly tessellate, dull; mandible with inferior tooth a slight ridge running roughly parallel to main blade ( Fig. 40E View FIGURE 40 ); supraclypeal maculation always present, usually a transverse bar with rounded corners but sometimes amorphous; T5 with appressed setae; and S5 with dark setae at least in part.

Male description. Head: Facial maculations usually creamy white, sometimes pale yellow-green. Galea reaching about middle of foretrochanter in repose; medium to dark brown; strongly tessellate, with very weak reflections if any; some otherwise normal specimens with long setae present. Mandible with inferior tooth ovular, parallel or only very slightly angled off main blade; often maculated up to near tip of inferior tooth ( Fig. 50E View FIGURE 50 ). Labral rim tridentate. Clypeal maculation a somewhat variable band, typically very nearly reaching lateral sides, filling at least about half of clypeal height and often taller if pointed upward medially ( Fig. 50E View FIGURE 50 ); punctation significantly sparser within maculation than without. Paraocular area immaculate. Supraclypeal area maculated; usually strongly transverse, roundedly rectangular, but uncommonly amorphous. Scape maculated; fully along length below. Mesosoma: Scutum shiny; with impunctate areas that may be invaded by sparse punctures. Tegula weakly translucent to somewhat transparent, medium to light brown. Basitibial plate absent. Metasoma: T1–T2 usually with appressed setae throughout, sometimes sparser medially; T2–T4 almost always with apical appressed setal bands, rarely fully covered; T5 usually with apical appressed setal band, sometimes covered or absent; T6 with or without appressed setae. Terga smooth between punctures, with strong reflections; apparent through appressed setae. Tergal rims relatively transparent, tan to light brown. Male T7 ( Fig. 60E View FIGURE 60 ) without medial longitudinal carina, surface often obscured by setae; lateral projections moderately recurved, sharp but somewhat triangularly so; medial projections close together and short at tip, clearly rounded. Male S5 ( Figs. 38A, 38C View FIGURE 38 ) setal arrangement unremarkable, without large, distinctive patches, at most longer along rim. Male S6 between Figs. 38B and 38C View FIGURE 38 , emarginate but nearly filled with transparent integument, that integument somewhat triangular. Male S7 ( Fig. 65E View FIGURE 65 ) with setae absent or nearly so around midpoint of length; widening from midpoint to tip, apical half widest clearly before rounded lateral tips; apical half vaguely trapezoidal, rim rounded outward. Male S8 ( Fig. 70E View FIGURE 70 ) lateral projections reduced but distinct; medial projection narrowing to tip, apically emarginate. Male genital capsule ( Fig. 75E View FIGURE 75 ) with outer corners, where gonocoxite tips curve inward, marked by small and weakly angular bump, best seen in profile; from corner to apex, in profile, gonocoxite relatively unmodified, convex to just before tip; tip, in profile, pointed and weakly curved ventrally; gonostylus tip position significantly exceeding that of gonocoxite, measured from above along primary axis of latter. Pubescence: See Fig. 55E View FIGURE 55 . Appears medium to dark gray overall. Setae white to off-white, except as follows: vertex and scutum highly variable, from all light to strongly intermixed with dark; leg inner faces brown; sterna light.

Female similar to male, except: Head: Mandible with inferior tooth ridge-like, paralleling or weakly angled off main blade; often less maculated, from base to near start of inferior tooth ( Fig. 40E View FIGURE 40 ). Labral rim rounded; fully maculated. Supraclypeal maculation almost always strong. Scape immaculate. Mesosoma: Midtibial spur apically curved; tan to orange. Basitibial plate circular distally but sometimes slightly flattened, otherwise teardropped overall. Metasoma: T1–T4 usually with apical appressed setal bands, uncommonly absent in narrow basal zones; T5 with appressed setae almost completely obscuring surface below. T4 impunctate rim of short to moderate length medially, slightly visible to a broad and weakly triangular. Anal fimbria unusually short and almost linear along rim, many setae directed posteriorly over edge, usually covering clearly less than third of T5 length medially ( Fig. 37B View FIGURE 37 ). Pubescence: See Fig. 45E View FIGURE 45 . Hindbasitarsal brush dark brown; tergal basal zones dark when present; anal fimbria unusually shiny due to posterior angling of setae, dark brown to blackish; S5 always with some visible dark.

Distribution. See Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 . Present in USA: California, Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Washington, likely Montana, likely New Mexico, possibly Arizona; possibly Mexico: possibly Baja California Norte; Canada: possibly British Columbia. Found throughout much of west, montane in most areas, occupying broader range of environments in coldest areas. Ecoregional habitance is as follows, based on 420 specimen records: 18 ecoregions total: Great Basin shrub steppe (106=25.2%), Sierra Nevada forests (85=20.2%), Snake- Columbia shrub steppe (79=18.8%), Wyoming Basin shrub steppe (64=15.2%), California montane chaparral and woodlands (18=4.3%), Blue Mountains forest (15=3.6%), Mojave Desert (10=2.4%), Colorado Plateau shrublands (10=2.4%), Colorado Rockies forests (10=2.1%), South Central Rockies forests (7=1.7%), Eastern Cascades forests (5=1.2%), California coastal sage and chaparral (4≤1%), Great Basin montane forests (2≤1%), Wasatch and Uinta montane forests (2≤1%), Sonoran Desert (1≤1%), California interior chaparral and woodlands (1≤1%), Klamath-Siskiyou forests (1≤1%), Central and Southern Cascades forests (1≤1%).

Phenology. Recorded from April–October, primarily June–August, heavily dependent on elevation and region, generally flies earlier in warmer regions. Univoltine at higher elevations, potentially bivoltine lower.

Nesting biology. Unknown.

Floral specialization. Reported as a specialist on Chrysothamnus ( Moldenke & Neff 1974) . Likely more broadly specialized on Asteraceae . Primary recorded visits by 90 females include: Family Asteraceae (93%); Genus Grindelia (33%), Chrysothamnus (13%); Species Grindelia squarrosa (23%). 146 total floral records from nine families include: Asteraceae (49 ♂ 84 ♀): Aster adscendens 1 ♂, Aster scopulorum 1 ♂, Aster sp. 2 ♂ 5 ♀, Asteraceae sp. 3 ♂ 1 ♀, Asteraceae sp. 2 ♂, Asteraceae sp. 1 ♀, Chaenactis sp. 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Chrysothamnus sp. 9 ♂ 9 ♀, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus 3 ♀, Crepis sp. 1 ♂, Ericameria linearifolia 1 ♂, Ericameria nauseosa 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Ericameria sp. 1 ♂ 5 ♀, Erigeron elmeri 1 ♀, Erigeron sp. 2 ♂, Grindelia sp. 1 ♂ 9 ♀, Grindelia squarrosa 9 ♂ 21 ♀, Haplopappus sp. 1 ♂ 4 ♀, Helianthus annuus 1 ♂, Helianthus sp. 1 ♀, Heterotheca villosa 5 ♂ 6 ♀, Lessingia tenuis 1 ♂, Oreostemma alpigenum 1 ♀, Orochaenactis thysanocarpha 1 ♂ 7 ♀, Pentachaeta aurea 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Senecio sp. 2 ♀, Silphium sp. 1 ♂, Stephanomeria sp. 1 ♂, Symphyotrichum ascendens 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Taraxacum sp. 1 ♀, Viguiera sp. 1 ♂, Fabaceae (1 ♀): Melilotus sp. 1 ♀, Lamiaceae (2 ♂): Monardella odoratissima 1 ♂, Monardella sp. 1 ♂, Loasaceae (1 ♀): Mentzelia sp. 1 ♀, Malvaceae (1 ♂): Sphaeralcea sp. 1 ♂, Plantaginaceae (2 ♂): Penstemon sp. 2 ♂, Poaceae (1 ♂ 1 ♀): Elymus sp. 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Polygonaceae (3 ♀): Eriogonum effusum 1 ♀, Eriogonum wrightii 2 ♀, Portulacaceae (1 ♂): Calyptridium sp. 1 ♂.

Comments. The synonymy of A. nigritula to the senior synonym A. exigua is formally made here, as the former was designated primarily for pubescence color and is in fact well within variation otherwise observed for A. exigua . This synonymy is supported by Timberlake determination labels which read “anthophora exigua Cress (= nigritula Ckll. ) Timb. det.” Note that this species is very commonly confused with A. petrophila by prior authors, and that Orr determinations prior to 2013 may also be suspect.

Specimens examined: USA: CALIFORNIA: Alpine County: Bear Valley: 1 ♀, 1 Sep 1979, A.R. Moldenke; Lake Alpine: 1 ♂, 15 Jul 1977, A.R. Moldenke; Contra Costa County: Richmond: 1 ♀, 6 Apr 1975, S.A. Cameron; El Dorado County: Echo Lake: 1 ♂, 27 Jul 1955, W.W. Middlekauff; 1 ♂, 21 Jul year unknown, A. Bartel; Lake Tahoe: 1 ♀, 1 Sep 1930, H. Keifer; Fresno County: Huntington Lake: 1 ♂, 8 Jul 1919, E.P. VanDuzee; 1 ♀, 30 Jul 1919, E.P. VanDuzee; Inyo County: Big Pine Creek Campground, Big Pine Canyon, Glacier Lodge Road, Inyo National Forest: 1 ♂, 16 Jul 1927, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♂, 17 Jul 1927, P.H. Timberlake; Big Pine, 7 air mi NE: 1 ♂, 18 May 1979, S. Blower; 1 ♂, 18 May 1979, T.L. Griswold; Independence, 5 km E: 1 ♂, 17 Sep 1993, T.L. Griswold; White Mountains, Bristlecone Pine Forest Visitor Center, 0.24 Air mi SWbW: 3 ♀, 6 Aug 2014, T.L. Griswold; White Mountains, Bristlecone Pine Forest Visitor Center, 2.88 Air mi NNW: 1 ♀, 25 Jun 2012, T.L. Griswold; White Mountains, Goat Spring, 1.06 Air mi NWbW: 1 ♂, 24 Jul 2014, H. Ikerd; White Mountains, Wyman Canyon: 1 ♂, 5 Jul 2004, A.S. Menke, F.D. Parker; White Mountains; Campito Mountain: 1 ♂, 1 Aug 1981, Faulkner, Brown; White Mts, Reed Flat: 2 ♂ 3 ♀, 10 Jul 2004, T.L. Griswold; White Mts, W of Wyman Cyn.: 1 ♀, 10 Jul 2004, T.L. Griswold; hwy 190, 6.5 mi W of Darwin Road: 1 ♀, 2 Jun 1995, R.R. Snelling; Kern County: Kern River Canyon [= Kern Canyon, = Lower Kern Canyon]: 1 ♂, 7 Jun 1939, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 8 Jun 1939, P.H. Timberlake; Rogers Dry Lake, S: 1 ♀, 11 Sep 1996, G.F. Pratt; Rogers Dry Lake, W: 1 ♀, 11 Sep 1996, G.F. Pratt; Lassen County: Bridge Creek Camp: 1 ♂, 9 Jul 1949, E. Schlinger; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 9 Jul 1949, E.I. Schlinger; 1 ♀, 9 Jul 1949, L. Andres; 1 ♂, 9 Jul 1949, W.F. Ehrhardt; Hallelujah Jct: 1 ♀, 4 Jul 1949, W.F. Ehrhardt; 1 ♂, 1 Jul 1964, F.D. Parker; 5 ♂ 6 ♀, 27 Jun 1978, R.W. Brooks; 1 ♀, 5 Jul 1978, collector unknown; Hallelujah Junction: 1 ♂, 2 Jul 1981, W.J. Pulawski; Hallelujah Junction, Upper Long Valley: 1 ♀, 10 Sep 1960, A.S. Menke; Litchfield: 1 ♀, 7 Sep 1957, E.G. Linsley; Susanville, 35 mi NW: 8 ♂ 4 ♀, 23 Jul 1990, P.F. Torchio, G. Trostle; Mariposa County: Deer Camp, 1.4 mi ESE: 1 ♂, 9 Aug 2006, E. Stephens; Mount Gibson, 2.40 mi WNW: 1 ♂, 13 Jul 2005, T.L. Griswold; Ostrander Rocks, 1.3 mi SbyE: 1 ♀, 18–19 Jul 2006, R. Persing, S. Minckley; Ostrander Rocks, 2.4 mi SWbyW: 1 ♂, 7 Jul 2006, R. Persing; Modoc County: Fandango Pass: 1 ♂, 14 Jul 1985, T.R. Haig; Lake City: 1 ♂, 2 Aug 1912, C.L. Fox; 2 ♂, 2 Aug 1922, C.L. Fox; Mono County: Deadman Creek [= Dead Mans Creek]: 1 ♂, 25 Jul 1934, collector unknown; Grant Lake: 1 ♂, 5 Aug 1948, P.D. Hurd, J.W. MacSwain; Hwy 395 at Burcham Flat Rd.: 1 ♂ 3 ♀, 4 Sep 2006, J.S. Ascher, B. Love; Leavitt Meadow, Walker River: 1 ♂, 25 Jun 1937, E.C. VanDyke; Pickel Meadow: 1 ♀, 16 Aug 1966, D.Q. Cavagnaro; W Walker River: 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 25 Jun 1937, C.D. Michener; White Mountains, Blanco Mountain, 1.7 mi W: 1 ♂, 24 Jul 2014, T.L. Griswold; White Mountains, Blanco's Corral: 2 ♂, 25 Aug 1960, A.S. Menke; 1 ♀, 25 Aug 1960, L.R. Nault; White Mountains, Cottonwood Basin, Eva Belle Mine Area: 1 ♀, 27 Jul 2000, A.S. Menke, N.D. Menke; White Mountains, Sheep Mountain, 0.6 mi EbS: 1 ♂, 24 Jul 2014, T.L. Griswold; Nevada County : Boca: 1 ♀, 1 Aug 1959, R.M. Bohart; Boca Dam, Truckee, 11 mi E: 1 ♀, 24 Aug 1956, E.G. Linsley; Donner Lake, 1.5 air km WNW; Donner Pass rd: 1 ♂, 29 Jun 2014, M.C. Orr; Jackson Crk: 1 ♀, 5 Aug 1957, E.I. Schlinger; Prosser Dam: 1 ♀, 11 Jul 1966, R.L. Brumley; Woodchuck Flat: 1 ♂, 28 Aug 1970, T.L. Griswold; None County: Barton Flat So Fork Camp: 1 ♂, day and month unknown 1944, A.L. Melander; Placer County: Carnelian Bay, Lake Tahoe, Tahoe National Forest: 1 ♂, 22 Aug 1951, R.M. Bohart; Plumas County: Lake Alamanor: 2 ♂, 8 Jul 1949, D. Cox; Lake Almanor: 1 ♀, 8 Jul 1949, D. Cox; Little Long Valley Creek, 6 mi E of Spring Garden: 1 ♀, 4–10 Aug 1977, M.S. Wasbauer; Riverside County: 2 mi W of Anza: 1 ♂, 15 Jun 1963, R.R. Snelling; Hemet Reservoir, San Jacinto Mountains: 1 ♂, 21 May 1940, C.D. Michener; Hemet Reservoir, San Jacinto Mts: 1 ♂, 22 May 1940, C.D. Michener; Idyllwild, 8 mi E: 1 ♀, 14 Sep 1952, N.A. Lewis; Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mountains: 1 ♂, 10 Jun 1939, E.G. Linsley; Idyllwild, Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, San Bernardino National Forest: 1 ♀, 10 Jun 1956, R.S. Erdmann; Keen Camp, San Jacinto Mountains: 2 ♀, 10 Jun 1939, E.S. Ross; Keen Camp, San Jacinto Mountains, San Bernardino National Forest: 2 ♂, 10 Jun 1939, J.G. Shanafelt; Keen Camp, San Jacinto Mts: 1 ♀, 10 Jun 1939, collector unknown; Perris: 1 ♂, 14 Jul 1955, J. Schuh; San Bernardino County: 12 mi S of Adelanto: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 29 Oct 1932, P.H. Timberlake; Adelanto, near: 1 ♂, 23 May 1945, A.L. Melander; Cajon Junction, 1 mi E: 1 ♂, 11 Aug 1956, E.I. Schlinger; 1 ♂, date unknown, J.C. Hall; Erwin Lake: 1 ♀, 22 Aug 1932, C.D. Michener; Erwin Lake, San Bernardino Mountains: 1 ♀, 22 Aug 1932, C.D. Michener; Phelan: 1 ♂, date unknown, collector unknown; Phelan, near: 1 ♀, 29 Sep 1965, R.R. Snelling; San Diego County: Bear Valley Campground, ~ 1 mi N Emigrant Gap: 1 ♀, 4 Jul 1956, R.R. Snelling; Sierra County: Independence Lake: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 29 Jun 1954, R.M. Bohart; 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 17 Jul 1954, R.C. Blaylock; 2 ♂ 3 ♀, 20 Jul 1954, R.M. Bohart; 4 ♂ 1 ♀, 27 Jul 1956, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♂, 26 Jun 1958, A.E. Menke; 1 ♀, 27 Jul 1958, R.M. Bohart; 2 ♂, 26 Jun 1959, A.E. Menke; 1 ♀, 26 Jun 1959, L.A. Stange; 1 ♂, 15 Jul 1962, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♀, 9 Jul 2012, J.L. Van Wyk; Independence Lake Campground: 1 ♂, 29 Jun 1954, R.M. Bohart; Perazzo Meadows A: 1 ♀, 12 Jul 2012, J.L. Van Wyk; Sattley: 1 ♂, date unknown, collector unknown; Weber Lake: 1 ♂, 21 Jul 1951, E.I. Schlinger; 1 ♂, 21 Jul 1957, E.I. Schlinger; Yuba Pass: 1 ♂, 9 Jul 1954, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 30 Jul 1958, A.A. Grigarick; 2 ♂ 1 ♂, 10 Aug 1963, R.L. Westcott; Tulare County: Mineral King: 1 ♀, 8 Aug 1959, W.E. Simonds; Sirretta Road (Forest Service Road 22S21), 0.5 air mi E of Sherman Pass, 35.60 N, 118.21 W, Sequoia National Forest: 2 ♀, 26–28 Aug 1996, R.R. Snelling; Sirretta Road (Forest Service Road 22S21), 0.85 air mi E of Sherman Pass, 35.59 N, 118.20 W, Sequoia National Forest: 1 ♂ 7 ♀, 9–11 Sep 1995, R.R. Snelling; Tokopah Valley, Sequoia National Park: 2 ♀, 21 Aug 1933, C.D. Michener; 1 ♂, 23 Aug 1933, C.D. Michener; 1 ♂, 26 Aug 1933, C.D. Michener; Tuolumne County: Dardanelle: 1 ♂, 13 Jul 1951, E.I. Schlinger; Eureka Valley: 1 ♂, 20 Jun 1960, S.M. Fullerton; Ventura County: Apache Canyon, 8 km E Cuyama Valley: 1 ♀, 16 Jun 1994, D.F. Veirs, G. Trostle; Apache Spring: 2 ♂, 16 Jun 1994, D.F. Veirs, G. Trostle; Chuchupate Ranger Station, near Jct Lockwood Valley Road & Frazier Mountain Road: 1 ♂, 8 May 1959, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♂, 10 May 1959, P.H. Timberlake; COLORADO: Conejos County: Los Pinos: 2 ♀ 1 ♀, 31 May 1999, C.F. Baker; Dolores County: Dove Creek: 1 ♀, 15 Jul 1952, G.E. Bohart, G.F. Knowlton; 3 ♀, 15 Jul 1952, G.F. Knowlton; Garfield County: divide E Mamm Cr - Dry Hollow: 1 ♀, 9 Jun 1977, P. Robinson; Grand County: Kremmling: 2 ♂, 13 Jul 1949, L.D. Beamer; Kremmling, 6 mi ESE: 2 ♂, 20 Jul 1982, P. Robinson; Parshall, 2.5 mi W: 1 ♂, 24 Aug 1976, P. Robinson; Mesa County: Loma, 4 mi N: 1 ♂, 31 May 1977, U.N. Lanham, P. Byron; Moffat County: Maybell: 1 ♀, 1 Aug 1904, collector unknown; Saguache County: 2.4 mi N of Hooper: 2 ♂, 24 Aug 1967, R.R. Snelling; IDAHO: Bingham County: Springfield, 1 mi W: 1 ♂, 10 Sep 1965, W.F. Barr; Taber: 2 ♂, 20 Jun 1952, E.I. Schlinger; Bonneville County: Idaho Falls: 1 ♀, 16 Aug 1966, D.R. Miller; Idaho Falls, 23 mi W: 1 ♂, 11 Jul 1975, G.E. Bohart; 3 ♂, 21 Jul 1975, G.E. Bohart; Butte County: Craters of the Moon Nat. Mon.: 1 ♂, 20 Jun 1952, E.I. Schlinger; Howe, 11 mi N: 1 ♂, 26 Jul 1957, W.F. Barr; Howe, 12 mi N: 1 ♀, 6 Sep 1967, L.S. Hawkins; Howe, 20 mi NE: 1 ♂, 19 Jun 1970, W.F. Barr; Howe, 6 mi S: 1 ♀, 6 Aug 1981, M. Stafford; Cassia County : Elba-Basin Pass: 1 ♀, 23 Aug 1958, W.F. Barr; Malta, 5 mi S: 1 ♀, 23 Aug 1955, R.A. Mackie; Clark County: Blue Dome, 6 mi W: 5 ♂, 13 Aug 1956, W.F. Barr; Custer County: Challis, 10 mi N: 3 ♂, 28 Jul 1976, T.L. Griswold; Mackay, 8 mi NW: 1 ♂, 30 Jul 1958, A.R. Gittins; Mackey Reservoir: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 8 Aug 1976, A.R. Moldenke; Elmore County: Mountain Home: 1 ♀, 1 Sep 1952, W.F. Barr; Mountain Home, 15 mi W: 1 ♂, 16 Jun 1955, W.F. Barr; Fremont County: Saint Anthony Sand Dunes: 1 ♀, 9 Aug 2013, A. Payne; Gooding County: Wendell: 3 ♀, 21 Aug 1952, R.W. Portman; Jefferson County: Terreton: 1 ♀, 29 Jul 1958, A.R. Gittins; Terreton, 4 mi NW: 1 ♂, 28 Jun 1964, W.F. Barr; Jerome County: Hazelton, 3 mi NE: 1 ♂, 20 Aug 1953, A.R. Gittins; Jerome, 7 mi S: 3 ♀, 2 Sep 1954, A.R. Gittins; 1 ♂, 3 Sep 1954, A.R. Gittins; Lemhi County: Gibbonsville, 9 mi N: 1 ♀, 28 Jul 1964, R.L. Westcott; Lincoln County: Baugh, 3 mi NE: 1 ♀, 28 Jun 1995, D. Fielding; Black Butte Hills, 4 air mi E: 1 ♂, 26 Jun 1995, M.S. Smith; Oneida County: Daniels Reservoir: 1 ♂, 2 Aug 1995, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 11 Jul 1997, F.D. Parker; Owyhee County: Bruneau Desert; Twin Buttes, 11.5km E: 1 ♂, 4 Sep 2010, B. Love, S. Nafziger; Bruneau Desert; Twin Buttes, 6km EbS: 1 ♂, 4 Sep 2010, B. Love, S. Nafziger; Grand View, 6.5 mi SE: 1 ♀, 27 Jun 1953, W.F. Barr; Indian Cove: 1 ♂, 13 Sep 1955, A.R. Gittins; Twin Falls County: Bruneau Desert; Twin Buttes, 21km EbN: 1 ♀, 4 Sep 2010, B. Love, S. Nafziger; Hollister: 1 ♀, 30 Jul 1929, S. Pestifer; Murtaugh: 1 ♂, Jul 1972, P.F. Torchio; NEVADA: Elko County : Angel Lake, East Humboldt Range: 1 ♂, 22 Jul 1978, T.L. Griswold; Carlin, 15 mi W: 1 ♀, 10 Sep 1959, T.R. Haig; Carlin, 6 mi W: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 12 Jun 1952, collector unknown; Elko, 27 mi E: 1 ♀, 20 Aug 1955, W.P. Stephen; Wells, 10 mi E: 1 ♀, 18 Jun 1985, D. Veirs; Humboldt County: Summer Place, 7 mi SE Summit Lk Ind Res: 1 ♀, 6 Sep 1997, F.D. Parker; Valmy: 2 ♂, 13 Sep 1956, T.R. Haig; Lander County: Battle Mountain: 1 ♀, 12 Jun 1963, G.E. Bohart; Campbell Creek Ranch: 2 ♂, 14 Jun 1981, J.B. Knight; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 15 Jul 1981, J.B. Knight; Mineral County: Cottonwood Creek: 8 ♂ 2 ♀, 14 Aug 1998, F.D. Parker; Nye County: Grabbs, 10 mi N: 1 ♀, 13 Jun 1972, P. Torchio; Moores Creek: 1 ♂, 6 Jun 1979, R.W. Rust; Nevada: 1 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Washoe County: Reno, 14 mi NE: 4 ♀, 13 Sep 1957, E.G. Linsley; Reno, 7 mi N: 1 ♀, 6 Sep 1957, J.A. Chemsak; Reno, Hidden Valley Park: 1 ♀, 22 Sep 1997, F.D. Parker; Spanish Spring Valley: 1 ♂, 9 Oct 1998, F.D. Parker; Sparks, 11 miN: 1 ♀, 2 Sep 1957, E.G. Linsley; Sparks, 17 m N: 1 ♀, 2 Sep 1957, E.G. Linsley; Wingfield Springs: 1 ♀, 23 Sep 1997, F.D. Parker; White Pine County: Charcoal Ovens State Park: 3 ♂, 8 Jul 1960, T.R. Haig; OREGON: Baker County: 10 mi SE of Baker City [= Baker]: 1 ♂, 15 Sep 1968, collector unknown; Grant County: Antelope Mountain: 1 ♀, 9 Aug 1931, D.K. Frewing; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 11 Aug 1931, D.K. Frewing; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 13 Aug 1931, D.K. Frewing; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 15 Aug 1931, D.K. Frewing; 1 ♀, 23 Aug 1931, D.K. Frewing; 1 ♀, 28 Aug 1931, D.K. Frewing; Sheep Mt Road: 1 ♀, 19 Jul 1936, H.A. Scullen; Harney County: Antelope Mountain: 1 ♂, 13 Aug 1931, D.K. Frewing; 1 ♀, 17 Aug 1931, D.K. Frewing; Burns: 2 ♀, 16 Jul 1927, H.A. Scullen; Malheur Wildlife Refuge; Benson Pond: 1 ♀, 18–19 Jun 2012, M. Kircus; Malheur Wildlife Refuge; Page Springs: 1 ♀, 17–18 Jun 2012, M. Kircus; Jefferson County: Madras: 1 ♂, 29 Jul 1937, E.C. Van Dyke; Klamath County: Klamath Falls Experiment Station: 3 ♀, 3 Aug 1960, P.F. Torchio; Lake of Woods: 1 ♂, 12 Aug 1935, H.A. Scullen, Jewett; Lake County: Christmas Valley: 2 ♂ 3 ♀, 30 Jul 2013, A. Payne; Hart Mountain, Jacobs Cabin: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 9 Jul 1937, Bolinger, Jewett; 1 ♀, 9 Jul 1937, D. Bolinger, Jewett; 1 ♀, 16 Jul 1937, Bolinger, Jewett; Lakeview, 6 mi W: 1 ♂, 8 Jul 1937, Bolinger, Jewett; Silver Lake, 26 km NW; on hwy 31: 1 ♀, 21 Jun–29 Jul 2010, M.E. Irwin, F.D. Parker; Malheur County: Adrian: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 9 Sep 1959, P.F. Torchio; Morrow County: TNC Boardman Preserve: 1 ♀, 15 Aug 2014, L. Smith; Union County: La Grande, 4 mi S: 1 ♂, 18 Jul 1936, G. Ferguson; UTAH: Box Elder County: Bear River City: 1 ♀, Aug 1951, Knowlton; Cedar Hill: 1 ♀, Aug 1972, G.E. Bohart; Howell: 1 ♀, 5 Aug 1959, collector unknown; Park Valley, SW: 1 ♀, 26 Jul 2000, F.D. Parker; Snowville, 10 mi SW: 1 ♀, Aug 1972, G.E. Bohart; 1 ♀, Aug 1972, G.E. Knowlton; Yost: 1 ♂, 27 Aug 1982, Hanson, Nelson; Cache County: Beaver Mountain, Logan Canyon: 1 ♂, 6 Jun 1972, D. Vincent, F.D. Parker; Cornish: 1 ♂, 9 Sep 1967, R.M. Bohart; Logan: 1 ♀, 17 Aug 1965, G.E. Bohart; Daggett County: Deep Creek: 1 ♂, 6 Aug 1958, R.A. Nielsen; Grand County: Cisco, 11 mi E: 2 ♂, 15 Jun 1951, U.N. Lanham; Rich County: Laketown: 2 ♀, 28 Jul 1960, G.F. Knowlton; Sevier County: Venice: 1 ♂, 17 Aug 1961, G.F. Knowlton; Tooele County: 2.1 mi N Granite Peak: 3 ♀, 26 Aug 2003, B. Bradley; 1 ♂ 3 ♀, 26 Aug 2003, O.J. Messinger; Erda: 1 ♀, 8 Aug 1952, G.E. Knowlton; WASHINGTON: Kittitas County: Colockum Pass: 1 ♀, 21 Jul 1949, R. Beamer; WYOMING: Albany County: Dirt Farm, 8 mi SE Laramie: 1 ♀, 24 Aug 1976, V.J. Tepedino; Carbon County: 20 mi N of Lamont: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 12 Aug 1972, J.G. Rozen, R.J. McGinley; Ferris Mt E, 10km SSW; Ferris Rd: 1 ♀, 26 Jul 2012, M.C. Orr; Ferris Mt E, 7.5km SE; Ferris Dunes: 1 ♂, 26 Jul 2012, M.C. Orr; Medicine Bow, 10 mi E: 1 ♂, 5 Aug 1963, collector unknown; 4 ♂, 8 Aug 1963, G. Bohart, P. Torchio; 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 8 Aug 1963, collector unknown; Fremont County: Lander, 36 mi S: 1 ♀, 20 Aug 1969, C.D. Michener; Shoshoni: 1 ♂, 21 Jul 1965, G. Bohart, P. Torchio; Lincoln County: Fossil: 1 ♀, 2 Aug 1964, B.&C. Durden; Kemmerer: 3 ♀, 13 Jul 1955, No collector; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 6 Aug 1981, R.W. Meadows; Names Hill, S of La Barge: 1 ♀, 6 Sep 1989, T.L. Griswold; Natrona County: 25 mi SW of Casper: 1 ♂, 12 Aug 1972, J.G. Rozen, R.J. McGinley; Sublette County: 14 mi SW of Pinedale: 1 ♂, 11 Aug 1962, J.G. Rozen, B.L. Rozen; Sweetwater County: Creston: 1 ♂ 12 ♀, 19 Aug 1969, C.D. Michener; Eden, 25km SE; Chilton Rd: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 23 Jul 2012, M.C. Orr; Eden, 6km SSE; US Hwy 191: 2 ♂, 24 Jul 2012, M.C. Orr; Farson, 20 mi E: 2 ♀, 4 Aug 1955, G.E. Bohart; Little America: 4 ♀, 6 Sep 1979, F.D. Parker; Red Desert: 1 ♂ 6 ♀, 6 Sep 1979, F.D. Parker; Red Lake Dunes WSA: 1 ♀, 25 Jul 2012, M.C. Orr; Rock Springs, 21.5 mi SE along Salt Wells Creek: 7 ♀, 7 Aug 2000, A.L. Hicks, V.L. Scott; Teton County: Grand Teton National Park, Jenny Lake: 1 ♂, 25 Jun 1941, R.M. Bohart; Uinta County: Lyman, 11km SSE; WY HWY 414: 1 ♂, 22 Jul 2012, M.C. Orr.

Anthophora (Micranthophora) flavocincta Huard, 1897

( Figs. 38D View FIGURE 38 , 40F View FIGURE 40 , 45F View FIGURE 45 , 50F View FIGURE 50 , 55F View FIGURE 55 , 60F View FIGURE 60 , 65F View FIGURE 65 , 70F View FIGURE 70 , 75F View FIGURE 75 )

Anthophora nigrocincta Provancher, 1895: 172 View in CoL (lectotype ( Sheffield & Perron, 2013): ♂, Los Angeles, California, USA; coll.

Coquillett; ULQC, BBSLID93204). Anthophora flavocincta Huard, 1897: 25 View in CoL (homonym replacement). Anthophora anstrutheri Cockerell, 1906: 71 View in CoL (holotype: ♀; Los Angeles, California, USA; coll. A. Davidson; CASENT, type

15464). Syn. Michener, 1951 (by Timberlake).

Diagnosis. Males are immediately identifiable by their irregular S6: the rim is entire rather than emarginate, lacking transparency, and a distinct knob is present apicomedially ( Fig. 38D View FIGURE 38 ). Males may be otherwise determined by the following character combination: supraclypeal maculation strong, triangular; T7 lacking medial longitudinal carina, lateral projections distinct but only slightly recurved posteriorly, and medial projections with broad and rounded tips that gradually widen toward base ( Fig. 60F View FIGURE 60 ); S5 with thick, dark erect setal patches in apical half. Females may be determined by the following character combination: galea tessellate, dull, but unusually frequently appearing shiny due to what may be nectar; mandible with inferior tooth large, vaguely triangular, clearly pointed off main blade ( Fig. 40F View FIGURE 40 ); clypeal pitting only slightly sparser within maculation than without; supraclypeus maculated, amorphous or triangular; terga shiny between punctures; tergal rims transparent or very nearly so; T1– T5 covered in appressed setae; and anal fimbria blackish.

Male description. Head: Facial maculations pale to richly yellow. Galea length unusually variable, reaching reaching back past rear of foretrochanter in repose, sometimes significantly so; medium to dark brown; almost always strongly to moderately tessellate and rarely weakly so, with variable reflections. Mandible with inferior tooth unusually expanded and broadly ovular, running about parallel to or slightly angled off main blade; maculated from base to about middle of inferior tooth ( Fig. 50F View FIGURE 50 ). Labral rim tridenate; fully maculated. Clypeal maculation an often interrupted inverted-T, usually very nearly reaching lateral sides, often reaching top of clypeus if full inverted-T, broad band at base filling about half of clypeal height alone ( Fig. 50F View FIGURE 50 ); punctation about equally dense in and out of maculation. Paraocular area immaculate. Supraclypeal area maculated; usually fully maculated or nearly so. Scape maculated; fully along length and most of width below. Mesosoma: Scutum usually tessellate, dull; with somewhat small impunctate areas. Tegula transparent to translucent, tan to medium brown. Basitibial plate absent. Metasoma: T1 covered in appressed setae; T2–T6 with appressed setal bands of variable thickness. Terga shiny to weakly tessellate between punctures, usually with strong reflections; usually apparent through appressed setae. Tergal rims transparent, tan to clear. Male T7 ( Fig. 60F View FIGURE 60 ) without medial longitudinal carina, area often obscured by setae; lateral projections slightly recurved, relatively blunt flanges; medial projections long and gradually narrowing to broadly rounded tips. Male S5 ( Fig. 38D View FIGURE 38 ) with dense and dark erect setal patches. Male S6 ( Fig. 38D View FIGURE 38 ) highly modified, rim entire, with distinct medial knob. Male S7 ( Fig. 65F View FIGURE 65 ) with setae mostly restricted to sides around midpoint of length; widening from midpoint to tip, apical half widest clearly before rounded lateral tips; apical half greatly expanded into broad scallop shape, rim rounded outward, with slight medial bump. Male S8 ( Fig. 70F View FIGURE 70 ) lateral projections absent; narrowing to broadened, widely emarginate tip. Male genital capsule ( Fig. 75F View FIGURE 75 ) with outer corners, where gonocoxite tips curve inward, marked by obvious flange of about 90 degrees or greater, best seen in profile; from corner to apex, in profile, gonocoxite immediately deeply excavated and flared out into broad flange; tip highly modified, expanded into broad, flat-edged flange; gonostylus tip position inferior to that of gonocoxite, measured from above along primary axis of latter. Pubescence: See Fig. 55F View FIGURE 55 . Appears yellow to tan overall. Setae generally yellow to tan above, becoming whitish toward venter, except as follows: vertex with no to significant dark intermix; scutum with no to significant dark intermix, most often with at least some dark; leg inner faces brown; tergal basal zones dark; sterna nearly all dark.

Female similar to male, except: Head: Galea rarely with long setae. Mandible with inferior tooth expanded and vaguely triangular, clearly angled off main blade ( Fig. 40F View FIGURE 40 ). Labral rim rounded. Clypeal maculation highly variable, either a raised band ( Fig. 40F View FIGURE 40 ) or with three upward-directed points at top, not reaching lateral sides, usually filling over third of clypeal height and sometimes reaching top. Supraclypeal maculation often triangular, rather amorphous. Scape typically immaculate; sometimes with small dot near apex below. Mesosoma: Scutum more often smooth and somewhat shining between punctures. Midtibial spur apically curved; tan to orange. Basitibial plate circular distally, teardropped overall. Metasoma: T1–T4 covered in appressed setae, rarely absent in very narrow basal zones; T5 with extensive appressed setae. T4 impunctate rim of short length medially, usually not visible. Anal fimbria triangular but somewhat reduced for body size, often filling less than third of T5 length medially. Pubescence: See Fig. 45F View FIGURE 45 . Vertex and scutum more often with less dark; hindbasitarsal brush X; anal fimbria dark brown to blackish, often partially enveloped by appressed light setae; sterna variably light to dark.

Distribution. See Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 . Present in USA: California, likely Nevada, possibly Arizona; Mexico: Baja California Norte. Found in wide variety of Californian habitats, primarily Central Valley and chaparral, including patchily in more xeric areas. Ecoregional habitance is as follows, based on 442 specimen records: 9 ecoregions total: California Central Valley grasslands (161=36.4%), California coastal sage and chaparral (150=33.9%), California interior chaparral and woodlands (54=12.2%), California montane chaparral and woodlands (29=6.6%), Mojave Desert (23=5.2%), Northern California coastal forests (15=3.4%), Great Basin shrub steppe (7=1.6%), Sonoran Desert (2≤1%), Baja California desert (1≤1%).

Phenology. Recorded from April–October, primarily June–August, highly dependent on region. Likely bivoltine in warmer regions.

Nesting biology. Unknown.

Floral specialization. Reported as a specialist on Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) ( Moldenke & Neff 1974). Likely true, though visitation records suggest Boraginaceae use more broadly. Pollen views agree, as 11/15 had almost purely Boraginaceae pollen. Other views dominated by Asteraceae , three of which were pure or nearly so. Possibly an eclectic specialist on Boraginaceae and Asteraceae ( Cane & Sipes 2006) , but more likely using Asteraceae when Boraginaceae are unavailable. Primary recorded visits by 60 females include: Family Boraginaceae (65%), Lamiaceae (10%); Genus Heliotropium (50%), Phacelia (13%); Species Heliotropium curassavicum (33%). 105 total floral records from 12 families include: Asclepiadaceae (1 ♀): Asclepias eriocarpa 1 ♀, Asteraceae (12 ♂ 5 ♀): Artemisia sp. 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Aster sp. 1 ♀, Centaurea x pouzinii 1 ♂, Chrysothamnus sp. 1 ♂, Cirsium sp. 3 ♂, Corethrogyne filaginifolia 1 ♀, Ericameria nauseosa 1 ♂, Ericameria palmeri 1 ♀, Gutierrezia microcephala 1 ♂, Gutierrezia sarothrae 3 ♂, Gutierrezia sp. 1 ♂, Boraginaceae (17 ♂ 39 ♀): Eriodictyon sp. 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Heliotropium curassavicum 11 ♂ 20 ♀, Heliotropium sp. 5 ♂ 10 ♀, Phacelia ramosissima 3 ♀, Phacelia sp. 3 ♀, Phacelia sp. 2 ♀, Brassicaceae (1 ♀): Raphanus sativus 1 ♀, Capparaceae (2 ♂): Wislizenia refracta 2 ♂, Fabaceae (3 ♂): Lotus sp. 3 ♂, Geraniaceae (1 ♀): Geranium sp. 1 ♀, Lamiaceae (3 ♂ 6 ♀): Salvia mellifera 3 ♂ 2 ♀, Trichostema lanceolatum 4 ♀, Plantaginaceae (1 ♀): Penstemon spectabilis 1 ♀, Polemoniaceae (3 ♂ 2 ♀): Eriastrum densifolium 1 ♂, Eriastrum filifolium 1 ♂, Gilia sp. 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Polygonaceae (3 ♂ 4 ♀): Eriogonum sp. 3 ♂ 4 ♀, Rosaceae (2 ♂): Adenostoma sp. 2 ♂.

Comments. Anthophora flavocincta is exceptionally and inconsistently variable both within and between populations and regions. The most variable characters are the facial maculations, smoothness of the impunctate areas of the scutum, and presence and extent of dark setae on the vertex and scutum, although additional characters also vary. The presence of virtually all character combinations at a single site (Antioch, CA) suggest that taxonomic action is unnecessary.

Specimens examined: MEXICO: Baja California Norte: Ensenada : 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 1 Aug 1934, P.H. Timberlake; San Quintin [= Bahia San Quintin ] : 1 ♀, 24–25 May 1988, collector unknown. USA: CALIFORNIA: Contra Costa County: Antioch : 1 ♀, 4 Jun 1933, E.C. VanDyke ; 1 ♂, 8 Jun 1933, M.A. Cazier ; 1 ♀, 10 Sep 1933, G.E. Bohart, R.M. Bohart ; 1 ♂, day and month unknown 1933, G.E. Bohart, R.M. Bohart ; 1 ♂, 18 May 1936, G.E. & R.M. Bohart ; 3 ♀ 1 ♀, 23 Aug 1936, E.C. VanDyke ; 1 ♂, 23 Aug 1936, P.D. Hurd ; 1 ♀ 6 ♀, 30 Aug 1936, E.C. VanDyke ; 2 ♀, 6 Sep 1936, G.E. Bohart ; 1 ♀, 10 Sep 1936, G.E. Bohart, R.M. Bohart ; 1 ♀, 12 Sep 1936, E.G. Linsley ; 1 ♀, 15 Sep 1936, G.E. Bohart, R.M. Bohart ; 1 ♀ 1 ♀, 10 Oct 1936, collector unknown; 1 ♀, 21 Jul 1938, E.C. VanDyke ; 1 ♀, 4 Aug 1938, E.C. VanDyke ; 4 ♀ 5 ♀, 21 Aug 1938, E.C. VanDyke ; 4 ♀ 1 ♀, 4 Sep 1938, E.C. VanDyke ; 1 ♂ 4 ♀, 21 Jul 1940, E.C. VanDyke ; 1 ♀, 21 Jul 1940, collector unknown; 1 ♂, 24 May 1949, P.D. Hurd ; 2 ♀, 8 Jul 1950, J.E. Gillaspy ; 1 ♂, 15 Jun 1952, W.E. LaBerge ; 1 ♂, 15 Jun 1952, collector unknown; 1 ♂, 31 Jul 1959, J. Powers; Bethel Island : 1 ♀, 4 Jul 1956, P.A. Opler ; 1 ♀ 1 ♀, 16 Sep 1956, P.A. Opler; Bethel Island, Piper Slough : 1 ♂, 6 Aug 2005, J.S. Ascher; Oakley : 1 ♂, 22 Jul 1937, E.C. VanDyke ; 1 ♀, 10 Aug 1937, E.C. VanDyke ; 2 ♀, 30 Aug 1937, E.C. VanDyke ; 1 ♂, 26 Sep 1937, E.C. VanDyke ; 2 ♀, 30 Aug 1957, E.C. VanDyke ; Fresno County: Coalinga, 15 mi W : 1 ♂, 9 Jun 1972, P. Torchio; Coalinga, 18 mi W: 1 ♂, 9 Jun 1972, P.F. Torchio; Coalinga, 5 mi W: 1 ♀, 26 May 1982, J. Halstead; Coalinga, 6 mi W: 2 ♂ 4 ♀, 9 Jun 1972, P. Torchio; Fresno : 1 ♂, 5 Jun 1926, collector unknown; 1 ♀, 5 Jun 1936, collector unknown; Friant : 1 ♂, 24 May 1930, E.S. Ross; Lower Panoche Creek, Panoche Creek Canyon : 2 ♀, 29 Jun 1960, R. R. Snelling; San Joaquin : 1 ♀, 7 Jul 1960, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂ 2 ♂, 8 Jul 1960, R. R. Snelling ; Inyo County: 12 mi SW of Little Lake : 1 ♂, 16 Sep 1969, M.S. Wasbauer; Big Pine : 1 ♀ 1 ♀, 24 Aug 1960, P.D. Hurd; Bishop : 2 ♀, 17 Jul 1948, No collector; 2 ♀, 17 Jul 1949, No collector; Independence : 1 ♀, 9 Aug 1952, collector unknown; Lone Pine, 2 mi N: 1 ♂, 13 Jul 1953, H. Nakakihara; Lone Pine, 3 mi N: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3 Jul 1953, J.W. MacSwain ; 2 ♀, 3 Jul 1953, collector unknown; Kern County: Edwards AFB, Branch Memorial Park : 1 ♀, 6 Jun 1995, G. Pratt, G. Bruyea; Walker Pass : 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 26 Jun 1949, L.W. Isaak ; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 11 Jul 1964, R. R. Snelling ; Kings County: 2 mi E of Hanford : 1 ♂, 10 Jul 1955, R. R. Snelling; 7 mi S of Hanford : 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 12 Oct 1955, R. R. Snelling; 9 mi E of Kettleman City : 2 ♀, 27 Aug 1959, R. R. Snelling ; Los Angeles County: 2.5 mi SSW of Valyermo, San Gabriel Mountains : 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 30 Jun 1959, N. McFarland; Ballona Wetlands, nr Playa Del Rey : 2 ♀, 2 Jul 1980, collector unknown; 1 ♂ 10 ♀, 14 Aug 1980, C.D. Nagano ; 1 ♂ 3 ♀, 26 Aug 1980, C.D. Nagano ; 1 ♀, 5 Jun 1981, C.D. Nagano ; 5 ♂, 9 Jun 1981, C.D. Nagano ; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 9 Jun 1981, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 15 Jun 1981, C.D. Nagano ; 2 ♂, 11 Jul 1981, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 31 Jul 1981, R. R. Snelling; Claremont : 2 ♂, date unknown, Baker; Claremont, mountains near, Baker : 2 ♀, date unknown, Baker; El Segundo: 2 ♀, 31 Jul 1940, W.L. Swisher; Huntington Park : 2 ♂, 6 Jul 1940, collector unknown; 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 28 Jul 1940, collector unknown; 4 ♂, 30 Jul 1940, collector unknown; 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 10 Aug 1940, collector unknown; 2 ♀, 12 Aug 1940, collector unknown; Long Beach : 1 ♀, 10 Jul 1968, R.J. Hamton ; 1 ♂, 30 Jul 1968, R.J. Hamton ; 2 ♀, 30 Aug 1968, R. J. Hamton; Los Angeles : 1 ♀, day and month unknown 1893, collector unknown; 3 ♀, 16 Jul 1933, C.D. Michener ; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, date unknown, Coquillett; Pacoima Wash : 3 ♀, 22 Jun 1968, collector unknown; Piute Ponds , N : 1 ♂, 6 Jun 1996, G. Pratt, B. Deyhers; Piute Ponds , W : 1 ♀, 11 Jul 1996, G. Pratt, B. Deyhers; Redondo Beach [= Redondo] : 1 ♀, 20 Jun 1937, collector unknown; 1 ♀, 21 Jun 1937, collector unknown; 2 ♀, 22 Jun 1937, collector unknown; 1 ♂, 21 Jul 1937, collector unknown; 1 ♂, 21 Jul 1938, collector unknown; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 9 Sep 1939, collector unknown; Santa Maria, 28 mi E : 1 ♀, 20 Jun 1952, collector unknown; Merced County: 15 mi S of Merced : 1 ♂, 12 Aug 1960, R. R. Snelling; Atwater : 1 ♀, 25 May 1959, R. P. Allen; Merced , 15 mi S : 1 ♀, 12 Aug 1960, R. R. Snelling ; Monterey County: Seaside : 1 ♂, 4 Jul 1959, J.A. Chemsak ; Orange County: Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve [= Bolsa Chica Salt Marsh] : 1 ♂, 17 Jun 1988, collector unknown; 1 ♂, 18 Jun 1988, collector unknown; 1 ♂, 13 Aug 1988, collector unknown; 1 ♀, 17 Jun 1989, collector unknown; Irvine Park : 1 ♀, 18 Aug 1962, M.E. Irwin; Newport Bay : 1 ♂, 26 Jun 1941, P.D. Hurd; Seal Beach : 1 ♀, 14 Aug 1927, P.H. Timberlake ; 3 ♀, 25 Aug 1935, P.H. Timberlake ; Riverside County: Anza : 1 ♀, 19 Jun 1955, Simonds; Bautista Canyon, 13 mi E Hemet : 1 ♂, 10 Jun 1989, P.F. Torchio; Coachella : 1 ♀, 17 May 1928, E.C. VanDyke ; 1 ♀, 21 May 1928, E.C. VanDyke; Idyllwild : 1 ♂, Jun 1936, E.S. Ross; Riverside : 1 ♀, 6 Oct 1924, P.H. Timberlake ; 1 ♀, 20 Oct 1924, P.H. Timberlake ; 2 ♀, 5 Oct 1928, P.H. Timberlake ; 1 ♀, 9 Oct 1928, P.H. Timberlake ; 1 ♀, 10 Oct 1929, P.H. Timberlake ; 1 ♀, 15 Oct 1929, P.H. Timberlake ; 1 ♀, 12 Apr 1934, Timberlake ; Sacramento County: Grand Island : 1 ♂, 8 Jun 1962, M.S. Wasbauer ; San Benito County: Entrance Meadow; 0.75 km SWbyW McCabe Canyon Entrance : 1 ♂, 5 Jun 2002, R. Peyton, R. Leonard; Pinnacles Natl. Mon., W side : 1 ♀, 2 Jul 1956, E.G. Linsley ; San Bernardino County: 4 mi N of Cajon Junction (Jct. I-15 & Hwy. 138) : 1 ♀, 4 Jul 1958, J.C. Hall; Cajon Canyon [= Cajon Valley] : 1 ♂, 2 Jul 1934, P.H. Timberlake; Cajon Canyon, 7.7 mi NW of Cajon : 2 ♀, 5 Jul 1964, R. R. Snelling; Cajon Junction , 1 mi E : 1 ♂, 11 Aug 1956, E.I. Schlinger ; 1 ♂, 11 Aug 1956, J.C. Hall; Cajon Junction , 4 mi N : 1 ♀, 4 Jul 1958, E.I. Schlinger ; 1 ♀, 4 Jul 1958, J.C. Hall ; Hole-in-the-Wall : 2 ♂, 23 Sep 1993, T. L. Griswold; Horse Canyon : 1 ♀, 6 Aug 1978, T. L. Griswold; Lone Pine Canyon, Lone Pine Canyon Road, San Bernardino National Forest : 1 ♀, 16 Jun 1928, P.H. Timberlake; New York Mountains : 1 ♂, 23 Sep 1993, T. L. Griswold; Round Valley : 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 23 Sep 1993, T. L. Griswold; Wild Horse Canyon : 1 ♂, 23 Sep 1993, T. L. Griswold; Yermo : 2 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; San Diego County: Camp Pendleton : 1 ♀, 17 Sep 1979, C.D. Nagano; Carlsbad : 1 ♀, 22 Jul 1951, T. R. Haig; Del Mar, 1 mi S : 1 ♂, 1 Jul 1963, T. Bolton; Mission Dam : 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Jun 1921, No collector; San Diego : 1 ♂, 6 Aug 1991, F.E. Blaisdell ; 1 ♂, 23 Aug 1991, F.E. Blaisdell; Solana Beach : 1 ♀, 19 Jun 1963, W.C. Reische; Warner Springs : 1 ♀, 12 Jun 1958, E.I. Schlinger; Warner Springs, 2 mi N: 1 ♂, 4 Jul 1956, M. R. Sparks ; San Luis Obispo County: Baywood Park : 1 ♀, 15 Sep 1952, J.C. Hall; Camatta Canyon : 1 ♂, 17 Jun 1969, E.A. Kane; Grover City : 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 4 Jul 1956, E.G. Linsley; McKittrick , 35 mi W : 2 ♂, 23 May 1970, P.F. Torchio, D.M. Torchio; Morro Bay : 4 ♀, 30 Aug 1943, P.H. Timberlake ; 1 ♀, 14 Sep 1956, J.C. Hall ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 9 Jun 1963, G.I. Stage ; 6 ♂ 4 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Morro Bay , sand dunes : 1 ♀, 9 Jun 1945, A.L. Melander; Pismo Beach : 1 ♀, 29 Jun 1958, P.H. Arnaud; dunes, Montana de Oro State Park : 1 ♂ 5 ♀, 13–15 Aug 1983, P.E. Adams ; San Mateo County: Millbrae : 1 ♀, 1 Sep 1912, E.C. VanDyke ; Santa Barbara County: Goleta : 2 ♀, 22 Jun 1959, A.E. Menke ; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 22 Jun 1959, F.D. Parker ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 22 Jun 1959, P.E. Paige ; 1 ♀, 22 Jun 1959, P.M. Marsh ; 1 ♀, 22 Jun 1959, W.A. Steffan ; 1 ♀, 25 Jun 1959, F.D. Parker ; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 30 Jun 1959, J. R. Russell ; 1 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Hwy 166, ca. 1.5 mi E Cuyama, Cuyama River : 3 ♀, 10 Jul 1994, B. Harris ; Santa Clara County: Santa Clara : 1 ♂, 5 Jun 1927, Timberlake ; Santa Cruz County: Felton : 11 ♀, 11 Sep 1970, D. Brothers; Felton, 4 mi W Santa Cruz : 2 ♀, 11 Sep 1970, D.J. Brothers; Mission Springs : 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 30 Jun 1956, R. R. Snelling ; Solano County: Rio Vista : 1 ♀, 20 Sep 1966, A.J. Gilbert ; Stanislaus County: San Joaquin River , 10 mi SW of Turlock : 1 ♀, 23 Jul 1953, R. R. Snelling; Turlock : 1 ♂, 6 Apr 1951, R. R. Not not Use Snelling ; 1 ♂, 6 Jun 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 16 Jun 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 24 Jun 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 11 Jul 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 2 ♀, 12 Jul 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 2 ♀, 12 Jul 1951, collector unknown; 3 ♀, 20 Jul 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀ 1 ♀, 4 Aug 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂, 6 Aug 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 7 Aug 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 31 Aug 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 2 Sep 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 4 Sep 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 3 ♂ 3 ♀, 7 Sep 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂, 9 Sep 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 27 Sep 1951, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 8 Jun 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀ 1 ♀, 13 Jun 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂, 18–25 Jun 1952, R. R. Not not Use Snelling ; 1 ♀, 18–25 Jun 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂, 24 Jun 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂, 25 Jun 1952, R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 25 Jun 1952, R. R. Not not Use Snelling ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 25 Jun 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂, 26 Jun 1952, R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 3 Jul 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀ 1 ♀, 5 Jul 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 18 Jul 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 20 Jul 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 22 Jul 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 23 Jul 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 24 Jul 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂, 27 Jul 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♀, 29 Jul 1952, R. R. Not not Use Snelling ; 1 ♂, 29 Jul 1952, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂, 9 Jun 1953, J.I. Stage ; 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 1 Aug 1953, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂, 31 Aug 1953, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 2 Sep 1953, R. R. Snelling ; 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 29 Jun 1954, R. R. Snelling ; 2 ♂ 2 ♀, 28 Jul 1957, M.D. Stage ; 1 ♂, 20 Sep 1957, R. R. Snelling ; 1 ♂, 2 Jul 1963, R. R. Not not Use Snelling ; 1 ♀, 4 Aug year unknown, R. R. Snelling; Turlock , 10 mi SW : 1 ♂, 6 Aug 1951, R. R. Snelling ; Tulare County: Kaweah : 1 ♀, Jun 1936, F. T. Scott; Lindsay : 1 ♀, 19 Jun 1933, P.H. Timberlake; Wood Lake : 1 ♀, 17 May 1947, N.W. Frazier ; 1 ♀, 30 Jun 1947, N.W. Frazier ; 1 ♀, 8 Sep 1947, N.W. Frazier; Yokohl Valley [= Yokohol Valley] : 1 ♀, 30 Jul 1956, R.S. Erdmann ; Ventura County: Fillmore : 1 ♂, 7 Jun 1963, G.I. Stage; Point Mugu Naval Air Station : 5 ♂ 27 ♀, 26–27 Jun 1981, collector unknown; 3 ♀, 23 Jul 1981, collector unknown; 1 ♀, 26 Sep–18 Oct 1981, collector unknown; Santa Paula : 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 5 Jun 1927, P.H. Timberlake ; 1 ♂, 8 Jun 1927, P.H. Timberlake; Sespe Canyon : 3 ♀, 10 Jul 1959, M. Bruck ; 1 ♀, 10 Jul 1959, R.W. Spore ; Yolo County: Davis : 1 ♀, 26 Jun 1955, C. R. Kovacic .