Anthophora (Micranthophora) hololeuca Cockerell, 1923

Orr, Michael C., Pitts, James P. & Griswold, Terry, 2018, Revision of the bee group Anthophora (Micranthophora) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with notes on potential conservation concerns and a molecular phylogeny of the genus, Zootaxa 4511 (1), pp. 1-193 : 74-76

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4511.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:754B8A42-E269-42B5-92EB-043F3BEAA055
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3798726
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE87C1-D867-D938-EDE4-43DDE4D8937E
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Anthophora (Micranthophora) hololeuca Cockerell, 1923
status

Treatment

Anthophora (Micranthophora) hololeuca Cockerell, 1923 View in CoL

( Figs. 41A View FIGURE 41 , 46A View FIGURE 46 , 51A View FIGURE 51 , 56A View FIGURE 56 , 61A View FIGURE 61 , 66A View FIGURE 66 , 71A View FIGURE 71 , 76A View FIGURE 76 )

Anthophora hololeuca Cockerell, 1923: 82 View in CoL (holotype: ♀; Puerto Refugio, Angel de la Guardia Island, Gulf of California, Mexico; coll. E.P. Van Duzee, 29 Jun. 1921, at Psorothamnus spinosus View in CoL ; CASENT, type 941).

Diagnosis. This species is unusually distinctive. Both sexes share an unusually curved galea, which, when stored, is ventrally concave ( Fig. 46A View FIGURE 46 ). The scape is ventrally obscured in both sexes, covered in white setae. This is also the smallest species of A. ( Micranthophora ), with females only rarely exceeding 8 mm in body length and males yet smaller. Males of this species are otherwise identifiable by the sharply triangular and concaved pygidial structure on T7, which is closely flanked on each side by a very minute spike ( Fig. 61A View FIGURE 61 ). Females are otherwise identifiable by the highly protuberant clypeus, which from below appears nearly squared with slightly rounded corners ( Fig 41A View FIGURE 41 ). Further, the sides of the pygidial plate are deeply and obviously concave.

Male description. Head: Facial maculations creamy white. Galea unusually recurved, appearing concave in repose ( Fig. 56A View FIGURE 56 ); reaching about middle of foretrochanter at most; orangish-brown; moderately to weakly tessellate, with some weak reflections. Mandible with inferior tooth absent; maculated for about three-fourths of length ( Fig. 51A View FIGURE 51 ). Labral rim rounded; fully maculated. Clypeal maculation highly variable and sometimes nearly absent, typically a band, not reaching lateral sides, usually filling about half of clypeal height or less medially ( Fig. 51A View FIGURE 51 ); punctation significantly sparser within maculation than without, though denser along rim. Paraocular area immaculate. Supraclypeal area immaculate. Scape immaculate; with many setae covering underside. Mesosoma: Scutum shiny; with distinct impunctate areas. Tegula transparent, orangish to light brown. Basitibial plate absent. Metasoma: T1–T6 covered in appressed setae. Terga smooth between punctures, with strong reflections; usually apparent through appressed setae. Tergal rims transparent, clear. Male T7 ( Fig. 61A View FIGURE 61 ) without medial longitudinal carina; lateral projections easily missed, slight corners; medial projections very short and sharp, split medially by dorsally concave, triangular plate. Male S5 ( Figs. 38A, 38C View FIGURE 38 ) setal arrangement unremarkable, without large, distinctive patches, at most longer along rim. Male S6 ( Fig. 38A View FIGURE 38 ) clearly medially emarginate. Male S7 ( Fig. 66A View FIGURE 66 ) with setae absent or nearly so around midpoint of length; parallel-sided from midpoint to pointed lateral tips; apical half rectangular overall, rim rounded outward. Male S8 ( Fig. 71A View FIGURE 71 ) lateral projections absent; medial projection narrowing to tip, nearly entire at narrow apex. Male genital capsule ( Fig. 76A View FIGURE 76 ) with outer corners, where gonocoxite tips curve inward, marked by distinct and rounded ventral point, best seen in profile; from corner to apex, in profile, gonocoxite relatively unmodified, concave or straight; tip, in profile, rounded and weakly curved ventrally; gonostylus tip position significantly exceeding that of gonocoxite, measured from above along primary axis of latter. Pubescence: See Fig. 56A View FIGURE 56 . Appears white to light gray overall, uncommonly yellowed dorsally. Setae white, except as follows: leg inner faces orange;

Female similar to male, except: Head: Mandible with inferior tooth a very small but distinct nub, clearly angled off main blade ( Fig. 41A View FIGURE 41 ). Mesosoma: Midtibial spur apically curved; tan to orange, uncommonly somewhat brown. Basitibial plate circular and sometimes elongate distally, usually teardropped overall. Metasoma: T1–T4 covered in appressed setae; T5 with extensive appressed setae. T4 impunctate rim of short length medially, usually not visible. Anal fimbria broadly triangular to relatively linear, covering fourth to third of T5 length medially. Pubescence: See Fig. 46A View FIGURE 46 . Hindbasitarsal brush medium to dark brown; anal fimbria sometimes offwhite.

Distribution. See Fig. 18 View FIGURE 18 . Present in USA: California Nevada, Arizona, Utah; Mexico: Baja California Norte, Sonora, Baja California Sur. Found most commonly in Sonoran and Mojave Deserts, as well as Great Basin Desert. Ecoregional habitance is as follows, based on 1114 specimen records: 8 ecoregions total: Sonoran Desert (675=60.2%), Great Basin shrub steppe (256=22.8%), Mojave Desert (153=13.6%), Baja California desert (13=1.2%), Gulf of California xeric scrub (7≤1%), California montane chaparral and woodlands (5≤1%), Colorado Plateau shrublands (4≤1%), Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest (1≤1%), NULL (6≤1%).

Phenology. Recorded from February–December, primarily spring, generally later at higher latitudes. Likely facultatively bivoltine.

Nesting biology. Unknown, potentially uses sand, given that several floral hosts are psammophytic.

Floral specialization. Reported as a specialist on Dalea and related genera ( Fabaceae ) ( Moldenke & Neff 1974). Almost certainly true, primarily on Psorothamnus and Dalea . Short, recurved galea appears well-suited to the small flowers of these plants. Hurd & Linsley (1975) incorrectly consider this species polylectic. Primary recorded visits by 257 females include: Family Fabaceae (93%); Genus Psorothamnus (57%), Dalea (34%); Species Psorothamnus emoryi (30%). 546 total floral records from 13 families include: Asteraceae (12 ♂ 5 ♀): Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus 1 ♂, Bebbia juncea 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Chrysothamnus sp. 1 ♂, Helianthus deserticola 1 ♂, Palafoxia sp. 1 ♂, Stephanomeria exigua 3 ♂, Stephanomeria sp. 2 ♂, Tetradymia sp. 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Boraginaceae (1 ♂): Phacelia sp. 1 ♂, Brassicaceae (1 ♂): Brassicaceae sp. 1 ♂, Capparaceae (5 ♂ 4 ♀): Koeberlinia spinosa 5 ♂ 4 ♀, Fabaceae (249 ♂ 238 ♀): Acacia greggii 5 ♂ 1 ♀, Astragalus sp. 16 ♂, Cercidium floridum 1 ♂, Cercidium sp. 4 ♂, Dalea schottii 3 ♀, Dalea sp. 61 ♂ 84 ♀, Parkinsonia florida 2 ♂, Parkinsonia sp. 9 ♂ 1 ♀, Prosopis glandulosa 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Psoralea lanceolata 2 ♀, Psorothamnus arborescens 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Psorothamnus emoryi 45 ♂ 76 ♀, Psorothamnus fremontii 11 ♂ 11 ♀, Psorothamnus polydenius 56 ♂ 21 ♀, Psorothamnus schottii 3 ♂ 4 ♀, Psorothamnus sp. 28 ♂ 19 ♀, Psorothamnus spinosus 5 ♂ 13 ♀, Malvaceae (1 ♂): Sphaeralcea ambigua 1 ♂, Nyctaginaceae (1 ♂ 2 ♀): Abronia sp. 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Papaveraceae (1 ♀): Arctomecon californica 1 ♀, Polygonaceae (2 ♂ 2 ♀): Eriogonum kearneyi 1 ♀, Eriogonum sp. 2 ♂, Eriogonum trichopes 1 ♀, Salicaceae (1 ♂): Salix sp. 1 ♂, Solanaceae (2 ♂ 1 ♀): Quincula lobata 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Tamaricaceae (6 ♂ 3 ♀): Tamarix sp. 6 ♂ 3 ♀, Zygophyllaceae (8 ♂ 1 ♀): Larrea tridentata 8 ♂ 1 ♀.

Comments. A male of this species has been observed resting overnight on an unidentifiable dead plant via its mandible.

Specimens examined: MEXICO: Baja California Norte: 23 mi S of Puertecitos [= Puertocitos]: 3 ♂ 2 ♀, 6 Apr 1966, E.M. Fisher; 4 mi N of Bahia de Los Angeles : 1 ♂, 24 Mar 1970, collector unknown; 7 mi NW of Las Arrastras: 2 ♀, 8 Jun 1967, collector unknown; 8 mi N of San Felipe: 1 ♀, 14 Apr 1960, R.D. Gehring; Arroyo Lluway, 52 km W Bahia de Los Angeles : 1 ♀, 26 May 1980, R.L. Westcott, C. Bellamy; Bahia de Los Angeles : 1 ♀, 22 Jun 1968, D. Patterson; San Felipe, 13 mi N: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 8 Jun 1968, N. Leppla, J. Bigelow, M. Cazier; San Felipe, 13 mi S: 1 ♀, 10 Jun 1968, N. Leppla, J. Davidson, J. Bigelow; San Felipe, 25 mi S: 2 ♂, 25 Mar 1976, T.L. Griswold; San Felipe, 32 mi S: 1 ♀, 6 May year unknown, P.H. Timberlake; San Felipe, 8 mi N: 2 ♀, 14 Apr 1960, R.D. Gehring; Sierra Pinta dunes: 3 ♀, 16 May 1979, No collector; Baja California Sur: Bahia Coyote , 25 km N San Juan de la Costa: 2 ♀, 22 Mar 1991, collector unknown; Bahia San Luis Gonzaga, 25mi N: 3 ♀, 7 Jun 1967, E.L. Sleeper, E.M. Fisher; 10 ♀, 7 Jun 1967, No collector; La Paz: 1 ♂, 20 Feb 1974, G.E. Bohart; Sonora: Puerto Penasco: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 7 Apr 1988, K.W. Cooper; Puerto Penasco, 39 mi N: 1 ♀, 4 Jun 1968, N. Leppla, J. Bigelow, M. Cazier; San Luis, 85 mi E: 1 ♀, 18 Apr 1973, E.R. Tinkham; Sonora, E of Mexicali: 4 ♀, 25 Mar 1961, D.F. Veirs; Sonoyta: 3 ♂, 13 Jun 1952, M.A. Cazier, W.J. Gertsch; San Luis Rio Colorado: 7 mi S Riito: 1 ♂, 4 Jun 2005, collector unknown. USA: ARIZONA: La Paz County: 3.3 mi S of Parker: 2 ♂ 4 ♀, 8 Jun 1995, R.R. Snelling; Parker: 2 ♀, 16 May 1980, J.G. Rozen, B.L. Rozen; Mohave County: Lake Havasu City, 10 mi S: 1 ♂, 14 Mar 1972, P.F. Torchio, W. Apperson; Yuma County: 1 mi NE of Ligurta: 2 ♂ 2 ♀, 17 Apr 2003, J.G. Rozen, B.L. Rozen; 3 mi W of Wellton: 1 ♀, 5 Jun 1966, R.R. Snelling; 8 mi E of Imperial Dam: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 27 Apr 1991, J.G. Rozen; Ligurta: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 15 Apr 1973, J.G. Rozen, K.C. Rozen; 2 ♂ 2 ♀, 19 Apr 1980, J.G. Rozen; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 25 Mar 2004, J.G. Rozen, B.L. Rozen; 2 ♂ 3 ♀, 30 Mar 2004, J.G. Rozen, B.L. Rozen; 3 ♂, date unknown, collector unknown; N end of Dome Valley, near Yuma: 1 ♀, 8 Apr 1963, G.I. Stage; Yuma: 4 ♂ 1 ♀, 29 May 1956, A.D. Telford; Yuma, 15 mi E: 8 ♂ 48 ♀, 1 May 1972, P.F. Torchio, F.D. Parker, G.E. Bohart; Yuma, 15 mi NE: 4 ♀, 12 Apr 1961, R.&E. Painter; Yuma, 22 mi N: 1 ♀, 17 Apr 1965, S.A. Gorodenski, J.M. Davidson, M.A. Cazier; Yuma; E Gila Rd; 0.4 km E BLM Office: 6 ♂ 3 ♀, 9 May 2012, M.C. Orr; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 9 May 2012, Z.M. Portman; CALIFORNIA: Imperial County: 17 miles NW Glamis, Kipf Road, Algodones Dunes: 4 ♀, 5–6 Apr 2000, collector unknown; 2 mi N Plaster City: 1 ♂, 1 May 1952, P.H. Timberlake; 2 mi SW Beal Well: 3 ♂, 25 May 1949, R.C. Dickson; 2 mi W Glamis, Algodones Dunes: 1 ♂, 21 Jun 1964, M.S. Wasbauer; 3 miles NW Glamis, Kipf Road, Algodones Dunes: 1 ♂, 15–16 Sep 1972, collector unknown; 4 mi E of Ocotillo: 3 ♂ 2 ♀, 25 Apr 1954, P.H. Timberlake; 4 mi S of Salton Sea Beach: 1 ♀, 13 Jun 1964, collector unknown; 4.5 mi E of Coyote Wells: 2 ♂ 2 ♀, 10 Jun 1956, R.R. Snelling; 5 mi W of Salton Sea: 1 ♀, 18 Apr 1980, J.G. Rozen; 5.2 mi SE Kane Spring [not Kane Springs]: 2 ♂, 15 Apr 1949, P.H. Timberlake; 6 mi W of Coyote Wells: 5 ♂, 27 Mar 1956, R.R. Snelling; 6 mi W of Glamis, Algodones Dunes: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 8 Apr 1978, collector unknown; 7 mi NW of Ocotillo: 10 ♂ 18 ♀, 16 Apr 1973, J.G. Rozen, K.C. Rozen; 9.2 mi SE of Niland: 1 ♂, 9 Sep 1993, collector unknown; Algodones Dunes, 7 mi NW Glamis: 2 ♂ 2 ♀, 6 Apr 2000, T.L. Griswold; Algodones Dunes; Glamis, 1.3km W; BM 295 USGS, 2.1KM S: 5 ♂ 9 ♂, 3 Apr 2013, T.L. Griswold; Algodones Dunes; Glamis, 6 km W; BM 295 USGS, 4.7KM SW: 3 ♀, 3 Apr 2013, T.L. Griswold; Coyote Wells: 4 ♀, 30 Apr 1949, R.A. Flock; 1 ♂, 18 Mar 1956, R.R. Snelling; 4 ♂ 1 ♂, 18 Apr 1956, R.R. Snelling; Coyote Wells, 4.5 mi E: 1 ♀, 10 Jun 1956, R.R. Snelling; Glamis: 2 ♂, 26 Apr 1972, collector unknown; 1 ♂ 8 ♀, 26 May 1977, E.L. Klee; Glamis Dunes, 1 mi W Glamis: 2 ♂, 9 Oct 1988, T.L. Griswold; Glamis Dunes, W Glamis: 4 ♂, 29 Sep 1987, T.L. Griswold; Hwy 98, 18.6 mi E of Hwy 111 (Calexico): 4 ♀, 10 Jun 1995, R.R. Snelling; Imperial Valley: 1 ♂, 3 May 1932, H.S. Gentry; Kane Springs: 4 ♂ 7 ♀, 22 Apr 1964, A.R. Gittins; Ocotillo: 6 ♂ 9 ♀, 16 Apr 1973, J.G. Rozen, K.C. Rozen; Ocotillo Wells, 3 mi E: 1 ♂, 15 Oct 1983, P.F. Torchio; Picacho Peak State Park, 27 km S: 1 ♂, 28 Apr 1990, collector unknown; Picacho Peak State Park, 3 km S: 1 ♂ 4 ♂, 28 Apr 1990, collector unknown; Pinto Wash: 1 ♀, 13 Apr 1984, R.B. Parks; Pinto Wash, S: 1 ♂, 28 Apr 1958, F.X. Williams; Salton City: 5 ♂ 1 ♀, 15 Oct 1983, P.F. Torchio; Salton City; nr. Service Rd. and Cleveland Rd.: 6 ♂ 15 ♀, 4 May 2012, M.C. Orr; Salton Sea, W: 1 ♂, 21 Apr 1953, F.X. Williams; Truckhaven: 1 ♀, 15 Apr 1949, R.C. Dickson; Westmorland: 1 ♀ 1 ♀, 31 May 1930, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, May 1932, collector unknown; 2 ♂, 15 May 1933, collector unknown; 2 ♂ 4 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Winterhaven: 1 ♀, 26 Mar 1956, R.R. Snelling; nr Travertine Rock, [= 24 mi S Indio], Coachella Valley: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 25 Mar 1933, P.H. Timberlake; Inyo County: Chocolate Mountain, 3 km WbN: 1 ♂, 27 Jun 2011, T.L. Griswold; Chocolate Mountain, 4 km NbW: 7 ♂, 27 Jun 2011, T.L. Griswold; DEVA; Eureka Dunes Dry Camp, 0.8 air km S; on dunes: 1 ♀, 14 Sep 2013, M.C. Orr; Deep Springs Valley: 1 ♂, 14 Sep 2013, M.C. Orr; Deep Springs Valley, Chocolate Mountain, 2.66 Air mi WbS: 2 ♀, 28 Jun 2015, S.J. Burrows; Deep Springs Valley, Chocolate Mountain, 3.3 Air mi SWbW: 3 ♂, 25 Jun 2012, T.L. Griswold; Deep Springs Valley, Chocolate Mountain, 3.3 Air mi WSW: 1 ♂, 29 Jun 2015, S.J. Burrows; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 29 Jun 2015, T.L. Griswold; Deep Springs, Deep Springs Valley, Inyo Mountains: 2 ♀, 7 Sep 1969, M.S. Wasbauer; 9 ♀, 7 Sep 1969, collector unknown; Eureka Dunes, 6.5 km NW: 2 ♂, 16 May 1995, T.L. Griswold; Eureka Dunes, N End: 20 ♂, 8 May 2000, R. Andrus, T.L. Griswold; Eureka Dunes, NW tip: 1 ♀, 11 May 1999, R. Andrus; Eureka Valley Dunes: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 22 Sep 1987, T.L. Griswold; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Eureka Valley, Big Pine Road: 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 8 May 2000, J. Janjic, R. Andrus, T.L. Griswold; Eureka Valley, sand dunes: 1 ♀, 13 Jun 1977, D. Giuliani; Glacier Lodge, near Big Pine: 1 ♀, 8 Jun 1937, W.C. Reeves; Kearsarge, near: 2 ♀, 25 May 1937, E.C. Van Dyke; Keeler South Dunes: 1 ♀, 25 May 1999, R. Andrus; Keeler, 1.4 km NW: 1 ♂, 18 Sep 2013, M.C. Orr; Keeler, 12 mi E, Hwy 190: 1 ♀, 28 Jun 1980, collector unknown; Lone Pine: 1 ♀, 8 Jun 1937, C.D. Michener; 2 ♂ 4 ♀, 9 Jun 1937, C.D. Michener; 1 ♂, 9 Jun 1937, No collector; 1 ♀, 9 Jun 1937, collector unknown; 1 ♀, 12 Jun 1937, No collector; 2 ♀, 13 Jun 1937, No collector; 1 ♀, 18 Jun 1937, No collector; Lone Pine, 2 mi E: 3 ♂, 19 May 1970, E.E. Grissell; Lone Pine, Whitney Road: 5 ♀, 9 Jun 1937, W.C. Reeves; 2 ♂ 3 ♀, 13 Jun 1937, collector unknown; Marble Canyon Dunes, NE side: 2 ♀, 19 May 1999, R. Andrus, S. Messinger; 1 ♂, 9 May 2000, J. Janjic, R. Andrus, T.L. Griswold; 16 ♂ 4 ♀, 9 May 2000, R. Andrus, T.L. Griswold, J. Janjic; Mazourka Canyon, near Snow Caps Mine: 1 ♂, 17 Apr 2014, T.L. Griswold; Westgard Pass, 7 mi W: 1 ♀, 24 Jun 1953, J.W. MacSwain; Riverside County: 18 mi W Blythe [= 18.1 mi W Blythe, = 1 mi E Ford Dry Lake Road], Chuckwalla Valley: 2 ♀, 23 Oct 1951, P.H. Timberlake; 7 ♂ 7 ♀, 24 Oct 1951, P.H. Timberlake; 22 mi W of Desert Center: 3 ♀, 5 May 1963, E.M. Fisher; 29 Palms, 32 rd mi W: 1 ♂, 5 Sep 1976, T.L. Griswold; 3 mi E Mecca, Box Canyon Road, 2.5 mi E of jct Painted Canyon Road, Mecca Hills: 2 ♂, 27 Apr 1952, P.H. Timberlake; 2 ♂, 3 May 1969, collector unknown; 3 mi SSW Rice, Rice Valley: 1 ♀, 20 May 1988, B. Harris; 4 mi S Palm Springs: 1 ♀, 11 Jun 1954, P.H. Timberlake; 4.5 mi E Thousand Palms, Coachella Valley: 2 ♂, 3 Apr 1949, P.H. Timberlake; 5 mi NW of Indio: 1 ♂, 5 May 1963, R.R. Snelling; 1 ♂, 29 Mar 1967, R.R. Snelling; 6.5 mi N of Palm Springs: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 28 Apr 1948, P.H. Timberlake; 7 mi S of Cottonwood Spring P.C., Joshua Tree National Park: 1 ♂, 1 May 1965, collector unknown; 8 mi N of Blythe: 1 ♂, 10 Apr 1968, J.A. Gruwell; Banning: 1 ♀, 28 May 1928, E.C. VanDyke; 2 ♀, 26 Jun 1952, J.W. MacSwain; 1 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Berdoo Canyon: 2 ♂, date unknown, collector unknown; Blythe, 18 mi W: 1 ♀, 14 Feb 1951, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♂, 16 Oct 1965, F.D. Parker; 3 ♂ 6 ♀, 17 Oct 1973, F.D. Parker, P.F. Torchio; Blythe, 18 mi W; northern entrance: 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 3 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; 3 ♂, 23 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; 1 ♀, 27 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; 1 ♀, 11 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; 1 ♀, 13 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Blythe, 18.1 mi W: 1 ♂, 23 Oct 1957, P.H. Timberlake; Blythe, 2 mi NW: 5 ♂, 30 Apr 1972, G.E. Bohart, P.F. Torchio, F.D. Parker; Box Canyon: 1 ♂, 31 Jul 1934, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♂, 26 Apr 1952, G.A. Marsh; 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1952, P.D. Hurd; Box Canyon, 6.7 mi SW of Shaver's Well: 2 ♀, 10 Jun 1995, R.R. Snelling; Box Canyon, Mecca Hills: 2 ♂, 31 Mar 1934, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 17 Apr 1952, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♂, 27 Apr 1952, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♂, 7 May 1966, E.M. Fisher; Cathedral City: 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 10 Apr 1936, C.D. Michener; Chuckwalla Valley: 5 ♂, 7 Apr 2000, R. Andrus, T.L. Griswold; 1 ♀, 7 Apr 2000, T.L. Griswold; Coachella: 1 ♂, 20 Apr 1934, collector unknown; Coyote Wash, P. L. Boyd Desert Research Center: 2 ♀, 5 Apr 1978, R. Brooks; 1 ♀, 5 Apr 1978, R.W. Brooks; Deep Canyon, Boyd Desert Research Center, 3.5 mi S Palm Desert, Santa Rosa Mountains: 2 ♂, 15 Apr 1969, collector unknown; 2 ♂, 18 May 1969, collector unknown; Deep Canyon, Santa Rosa Mountains: 1 ♂, 19 Apr 1963, collector unknown; 1 ♂, 3 May 1963, collector unknown; 1 ♂, 17 May 1963, collector unknown; 1 ♂, 15 Oct 1963, collector unknown; 4 ♂, 12 Nov 1963, collector unknown; 2 ♂, 19 Nov 1963, collector unknown; 1 ♂, 3 Dec 1963, collector unknown; 1 ♂, 9 Mar 1964, collector unknown; Desert Center: 2 ♀, 4 Jul 1951, J.S. MacSwain, R.F. Smith; Desert Hot Spring, Mission Creek: 1 ♂, 3 Apr 1986, K.W. Cooper; Hopkins Well: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 24 Oct 1951, P.D. Hurd; 1 ♂, 29 Apr 1952, J.G. Rozen; 1 ♂, 16 Apr 1958, P.D. Hurd; 6 ♂ 9 ♀, 25 Apr 1961, J.G. Rozen, R. Schrammel; 4 ♂, 19 Apr 1973, J.G. Rozen, K.C. Rozen; 1 ♂, 20 Apr 1980, J.G. Rozen; Hunters Spring: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 25 Apr 1953, collector unknown; Indian Wells: 2 ♂, 24–25 Apr 1953, collector unknown; Indio: 1 ♀, 24–26 Apr 1953, A. Fukushima; Indio Hills: 2 ♂ 2 ♀, 3 May 1983, K.W. Cooper; Joshua Tree National Monument: 7 ♂, 20 May 1970, P.F. & D.M. Torchio; Joshua Tree National Park; Cottonwood Visitor Center: 1 ♂, 19 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Magnesia Canyon: 2 ♂, 21 Apr 1951, R.C. Bechtel; Mecca: 1 ♂, 1 Mar 1984, K.W. Cooper; Mecca Hills: 1 ♂, 4 Apr 1984, K.W. Cooper; Mecca, 15.5 km E; Box Canyon: 1 ♂, 27 Oct 2012, Z.M. Portman; Morongo Valley: 3 ♀, 22 May 2009, collector unknown; Oasis, 2 mi S: 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 7 Mar 1936, E.G. Linsley; Painted Canyon, (vic. parking area, 4.6 mi from jct Box Canyon Road), Mecca Hills: 19 ♂ 5 ♀, 15 Apr 1974, collector unknown; Palm Desert: 2 ♂, 12 Apr 1950, P.D. Hurd; Palm Desert, 3.2 km N: 3 ♂ 3 ♀, 30 Apr 1990, collector unknown; Palm Desert, Hwy 74 S: 1 ♂, 7 Apr 1993, K.W. Cooper; Palm Springs: 1 ♂, 21 Apr 1964, A.R. Gittins; 2 ♂, 23 Mar 1984, K.W. Cooper; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 11–26 Apr 2011, F.D. Parker, T. McIntyre; 2 ♀, 1–7 May 2013, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; 1 ♀, 13–16 May 2014, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; Palm Springs Station: 1 ♀, 22 Jul 1952, W.V. Garner; Palm Springs airport, SE: 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 13 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Palm Springs, 3 mi NW: 3 ♂ 4 ♂, 24 Apr 1964, A.R. Gittins; Palm Springs, 4 mi N: 1 ♂, 11 Jun 1954, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 1 Jul 1954, P.H. Timberlake; Palm Springs, 5 mi NW: 1 ♀, 25 Jun 1992, K.W. Cooper; Palm Springs, 6 mi N: 1 ♀, 23 Jun 1955, W.P. Stephen; Palm Springs, Araby Wash: 2 ♂, 7–14 Apr 2015, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; 2 ♂, 14–21 Apr 2015, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; 1 ♂, 21–28 Apr 2015, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; 1 ♂, 5–14 May 2015, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; 1 ♀, 9–13 Apr 2016, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 13–18 Apr 2016, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; 1 ♂, 18–21 Apr 2016, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; 1 ♀, 21–24 Apr 2016, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; 1 ♀, 28–30 Apr 2016, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 1–4 May 2016, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; 1 ♂, 9–12 May 2016, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; Palm Springs, Coachella Valley: 1 ♂, day and month unknown 1892, collector unknown; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 14 Nov 1939, C.M. Dammers; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 28 Jun 1952, D. Shepherd; 1 ♂, 26 Mar 1960, M.S. Wasbauer; Rice, 2 mi S: 4 ♀, 11 May 2014, Z.M. Portman; Shaver's Well: 3 ♀, 15 Jun 1963, R.R. Snelling; Shavers Well: 1 ♀, 27 May 1946, R.M. Bohart; Snow Creek Canyon: 1 ♂, 13 Apr 1955, et al Belkin; Thousand Palms: 1 ♀, 31 Mar 1963, F.D. Parker; 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 2 Apr 1966, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♂, 7 Apr 1970, R.M. Bohart; Thousand Palms (= 1000 Palms), Coachella Valley: 9 ♂ 2 ♀, 29 Mar 1967, R.R. Snelling; Thousand Palms Canyon, 4 mi E Thousand Palms: 1 ♂, 9 Apr 1964, R.M. Bohart; White Water, 2.6 air km SSW; Windy Point: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 13 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Whitewater (= White Water): 1 ♀, 26 Nov 1935, C.M. Dammers; 2 ♂, 10 Nov 1963, E.M. Fisher; near Cathedral City: 1 ♀, 6 May 1946, P.H. Timberlake; San Bernardino County: 10 mi N of Warrens Well: 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 26 Apr 1956, R.R. Snelling; 10.5 mi E Twentynine Palms (= 29 Palms), Hwy 62 at Nablee Road: 1 ♂, 17 Sep 2005, collector unknown; 13 mi W of Rice: 1 ♂ 11 ♀, 8–9 Jun 1995, R.R. Snelling; 2 mi W of Rice: 3 ♂, 12 Oct 1963, R.R. Snelling; 23 mi S of Amboy: 2 ♀, 25 Apr 1980, J.G. Rozen; 2 ♂, 8 May 1980, J.G. Rozen, B.L. Rozen; 23 mi W of Rice: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 24 Apr 1980, J.G. Rozen, B.L. Rozen; 24 mi W of Rice: 2 ♂ 5 ♀, 9 May 1980, J.G. Rozen, B.L. Rozen; 25 mi S of Amboy: 4 ♂ 1 ♀, 8 May 1980, J.G. Rozen, B.L. Rozen; 29 Palms: 1 ♂, 12 Apr 1984, K.W. Cooper; 1 ♂, 23 Mar 1989, K.W. Cooper; 6 mi S of Twentynine Palms (= 29 Palms): 3 ♀, 7 May 1948, P.H. Timberlake; 6.9 mi SSW of Rice: 6 ♀, 9 Jun 1995, R.R. Snelling; Amboy, 5.5 mi E: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 19 Jun 1980, T.L. Griswold; Baker, 9.8 km SWbS: 1 ♀, 23 May 2012, T.L. Griswold; Barstow, 26 mi NW: 2 ♀, 29 Apr 1993, P.F. & D.M. Torchio; Colton Hills: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 27 May 1980, T.L. Griswold; Dale Dry Lake, SE, 21 mi E of Twentynine Palms: 10 ♀, 27 Sep 1987, T.L. Griswold; Dale Dry Lake, opp Rt 62: 1 ♂, 18 Sep 1984, K.W. Cooper; 1 ♂, 25 Apr 1988, K.W. Cooper; Fort Irwin, Avawatz Mountains: 1 ♀, 23 Jun 1995, G. Pratt, C. Pierce; Fort Irwin, Garlic Spring: 1 ♂, 27 May 1995, G. Pratt, G. Bruyea; Granite Pass, 1.1 mi NW: 2 ♀, 9 Jun 1980, T.L. Griswold; Granite Pass, 3.1 mi NNW: 1 ♀, 9 Jun 1980, T.L. Griswold; 4 ♂ 2 ♀, 24 May 1983, T.L. Griswold; Granite Pass, 4.3 mi NNW: 1 ♂ 3 ♀, 24 May 1983, T.L. Griswold; Hwy 62 at Iron Age Road, 20 mi E of Twentynine Palms [= 29 Palms]: 1 ♀, 15 May 2004, G.A. Gorelick; Hwy 62, E Twentynine Palms, 1.5 mi W jct Iron Age Road: 1 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Joshua Tree: 2 ♂ 4 ♀, 12 May 1957, collector unknown; Kelso Dunes, Devils Playground Wash, Kelso Dunes Road, 4.1 mi E Kelbaker Road, Mojave National Preserve: 2 ♂, date unknown, collector unknown; Kelso Dunes, S central side: 1 ♀, 1 May 2000, R. Andrus; Kelso Dunes, mouth of Bull Canyon: 1 ♀, 4 May 2009, T.L. Griswold; Old Dad Mountain: 4 ♂, 4 May 1980, T.L. Griswold; Old Dale, E Twentynine Palms: 2 ♀, 27 Sep 1987, T.L. Griswold; Rice, Hwy 62: 1 ♀, 22 May 1993, B. Harris; 2 ♂ 2 ♀, 9 Jun 1995, R.R. Snelling; Sheep Creek, 6.5 km NNE Wrightwood: 1 ♀, 26–30 May 2005, M.E. Irwin; Turtle Mountain rd, 38 km S Needles: 1 ♀, 22 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Twentynine Palms: 1 ♀, 7 May 1941, P.H. Timberlake; San Diego County: Anza Borrego Desert State Park: 1 ♀, 23 Apr 1951, E.I. Schlinger; 1 ♂, 28 Mar 1977, collector unknown; Borego: 1 ♀, 5 May 1945, A. Melander; Borrego: 1 ♂, 9 Apr 1950, P.D. Hurd; 1 ♀, 24 Apr 1955, M.S. Wasbauer; 1 ♀, 24 Apr 1955, R.C. Schuster; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1955, P.D. Hurd; 1 ♀, 3 May 1956, M.S. Wasbauer; Borrego Canyon: 1 ♂, 15 Apr 1981, C.W. Melton; Borrego Palm Canyon, Anza Borrego Desert State Park: 1 ♂, 26 Apr 1953, B. Markley; Borrego Springs, 12.3 km S: 1 ♀, 21 Apr 2012, K.J. Hung; Borrego Springs, 13 mi E: 1 ♂, 7 Oct 1967, G.L. Lytle, S.A. Gorodenski, M.A. Cazier; Borrego State Park: 1 ♂, 29 Apr 1961, J.G. Rozen, R. Schrammel; Borrego Valley: 3 ♀, 13 Apr 1930, collector unknown; Borrego Valley, dunes: 1 ♀, 18 Apr 1957, H.R. Moffit; 1 ♂, 20 Apr 1957, J.C. Hall; Borrego, Palm Canyon: 1 ♂, 19 Apr 1957, E.I. Schlinger; Coyote Canyon, Anza Borrego: 2 ♂, 15 Apr 1981, C.W. Melton; 2 ♀, 22 Apr 1981, K.W. Cooper; Coyote Canyon, Collins Valley, Anza Borrego Desert State Park: 1 ♂ 5 ♀, 27 Apr 1954, P.H. Timberlake; Coyote Creek 33 20' 34N, 116 22' 08W: 2 ♂, 5 Apr 2005, collector unknown; Ocotillo: 3 ♀, 25 Apr 1954, P.D. Hurd; Ocotillo, 3 mi S: 3 ♂, 22 Apr 1951, E.I. Schlinger; 1 ♂, 22 Apr 1951, R.C. Bechtel; NEVADA: Churchill County : Blow Sand Mountains: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 28 Jun 1979, R.C. Bechtel, D.L. Horton, D.M. Martinelli; 1 ♀, 27 Jun 1980, R.C. Bechtel, D.M. Martinelli; 7 ♀, 27 Jun 1980, R.C. Bechtel, R.W. Rust; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 28 Jun 1980, R.C. Bechtel, R.W. Rust; 1 ♀, 1 Aug 1980, R.C. Bechtel, R.W. Rust; Blow Sand Mountains, 28 mi SSE Fallon: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 28 Jun 1980, R.W. Rust; 13 ♀, 12 Jul 1980, L. Hanks; 1 ♀, 2 Aug 1980, L. Hanks; 13 ♀, 2 Aug 1980, R.W. Rust, R.C. Bechtel, L. Hanks; 2 ♂, 17 Aug 1980, L. Hanks; Fallon, 22 mi S: 1 ♂, 13 Jun 1996, F.D. Parker; Sand Mountain: 1 ♀, 25 Aug 1978, F.D. Parker; 1 ♂, 13 Jul 1980, L. Hanks; 2 ♂, 1 Aug 1980, R.C. Bechtel, R.W. Rust; Sand Mountain Dunes: 6 ♂ 8 ♀, 6 Jun 2000, R. Andrus; Sand Mountain, 25 mi SE Fallon: 7 ♀, 27 Jun 1980, L. Hanks; 3 ♀, 13 Jul 1980, L. Hanks; 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 13 Jul 1980, R.W. Rust; 2 ♀, 1 Aug 1980, R.W. Rust, R.C. Bechtel, L. Hanks; 1 ♂, 16 Aug 1980, L. Hanks; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 10 Jun 1981, R.W. Rust; 3 ♀, 17 Jun 1981, R.W. Rust; 1 ♀, 6 Jul 1981, R.W. Rust; 4 ♂, 16 Jul 1981, R.W. Rust; Clark County: 0.3 mi W Huse Spr.: 1 ♀, 11 May 2004, L. Saul; 0.6 mi E Calville Point: 1 ♀, 7 Apr 2004, L. Saul; Knob Hill, W: 1 ♀, 11 Jun 1998, M. Andres, K. Receveur; North Las Vegas, 22.3 air km ENE: 1 ♀, 5 May 2009, T.L. Griswold; Humboldt County: Winnemucca Dunes: 1 ♂, day and month unknown 1978, F.D. Parker; sand dunes nr Winnemucca: 1 ♂, 17 Jul 1967, R.L. Westcott; Lyon County: Fernley: 28 ♂ 18 ♀, 9 Jun 1994, F.D. Parker; 1 ♂, 10 May 1996, F.D. Parker; 4 ♀, 12 Jul 1996, F.D. Parker; 1 ♂, 24 Jul 1996, F.D. Parker; Fernley, 4 mi NE: 1 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Mineral County: Hawthorne, 10 mi E: 1 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Marrietta, 3 mi S: 1 ♀, 16 Aug 1998, F.D. Parker; Thorne Dunes: 7 ♂ 2 ♀, 7 Jun 2000, R. Andrus; Nye County: Big Dune: 1 ♂, 14 May 1982, R.W. Rust; Mercury: 1 ♀, 13 Jun 1964, collector unknown; Washoe County: 2 mi N of Nixon: 2 ♀, 3 Jul 1963, G.I. Stage; 3 ♂, 3 Aug 1963, G.I. Stage; 2.8 mi W of Wadsworth: 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 3 Jul 1963, G.I. Stage; 9 mi N of Nixon: 1 ♀, 12 Jul 1964, collector unknown; Nixon: 2 ♀, 3 Jul 1964, W.K. Thrailkill; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Nixon, 4 mi N: 2 ♂ 2 ♀, 16 Jun 1994, F.D. Parker; 6 ♂ 3 ♀, 7 Jun 1996, F.D. Parker; Nixon, 5 mi N: 3 ♂, 19 May 1996, F.D. Parker; 4 ♂, 25 May 1996, F.D. Parker; 8 ♂, 30 May 1996, F.D. Parker; Patrick: 1 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Pyramid Lake: 1 ♀, 20 Jul 1996, F.D. Parker; Reno: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 14 Jun 1948, collector unknown; UTAH: Washington County: Santa Clara: 4 ♀, 31 May 1973, G.E. Bohart.