Anthophora (Micranthophora) striata, Orr & Pitts & Griswold, 2018

Orr, Michael C., Pitts, James P. & Griswold, Terry, 2018, Revision of the bee group Anthophora (Micranthophora) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with notes on potential conservation concerns and a molecular phylogeny of the genus, Zootaxa 4511 (1), pp. 1-193 : 127-129

Anthophora (Micranthophora) striata , SP. NOV.

( Figs. 43A , 48A , 53A , 58A , 63A , 68A , 73A , 78A )

Anthophora (Micranthophora) striata ( holotype: ♀; Blythe, 33 air km NW, Midland, California, USA; coll. M.C. Orr, 26 Mar. 2016, at Bebbia juncea ; BBSL, BBSL1050066 / HOLO104 ) .

Verbatim: “ USA:CA Riverside Co. Blythe, 33 air km NW; Midland N33.8637 W114.7897 26 Mar 2016 M.C. Orr Bebbia juncea BBSL1050066” “ HOLOTYPE Anthophora striata female Orr BBSL1050066.”

Diagnosis. This species is immediately identifiable by the presence of well-defined striations on the galea in both sexes. Females may be otherwise distinguished from all species but A. columbariae and A. salazariae by the following character combination: T4 rim fully transparent, at most slightly yellowed; T1–T4 covered with appressed setae; T5 with appressed setae; and anal fimbria tan to orange, sometimes apically invaded by brown. Males may be otherwise distinguished from all species but A. columbariae and A. salazariae by the following character combination: galea of moderate length, not unusually long as in A. abroniae ; labral rim rounded; mandible with inferior tooth little more than a slight ridge raised from the main blade ( Fig. 53A ); and T7 with strong medial longitudinal carina and two short, pointed medial projections ( Fig. 63A ).

Male description. Head: Facial maculations light yellow-green to pale yellow. Galea reaching back to about rear of foretrochanter in repose; medium to dark brown; longitudinally striated over surface, except often near base where smooth and shiny. Mandible with inferior tooth a ridge, fully parallel to main blade; maculated from base to inferior tooth ( Fig. 53A ). Labral rim rounded, fully maculated. Clypeal maculation vaguely trapezoidal but with sides slightly too wide, not reaching lateral edges, filling slightly under half of clypeal height medially ( Fig. 53A ); punctation significantly sparser within maculation than without. Paraocular area immaculate. Supraclypeal area immaculate. Scape immaculate. Mesosoma: Scutum shiny; with distinct impunctate areas. Tegula transparent, yellow to orangish. Basitibial plate present, often weak and obscured by setae. Metasoma: T1 covered in appressed setae; T2–T4 often with very broad apical appressed setal bands; T5–T6 without appressed setae. Terga weakly tessellate between punctures, with reflections; somewhat apparent through appressed setae. Tergal rims transparent to very slightly translucent, clear to light brown. Male T7 ( Fig. 63A ) with strong medial longitudinal carina; lateral projections absent; medial projections moderately long, triangular. Male S5 ( Figs. 38A, 38C ) setal arrangement unremarkable, without large, distinctive patches, at most longer along rim. Male S6 ( Fig. 38A ) clearly medially emarginate. Male S7 ( Fig. 68A ) with setae fully banding S7 around midpoint of length; parallel-sided from midpoint to rounded lateral tips; apical half rectangular, rim broadly emarginate between lateral tips. Male S8 ( Fig. 73A ) lateral projections distinct; medial projection narrowing to tip, apically emarginate. Male genital capsule ( Fig. 78A ) with outer corners, where gonocoxite tips curve inward, marked by obvious flange of about 90 degrees or slightly less, best seen in profile; from corner to apex, in profile, gonocoxite with obvious secondary bump; tip, in profile, small but pointed and strongly curved ventrally; gonostylus tip position slightly exceeding that of gonocoxite, measured from above along primary axis of latter. Pubescence: See Fig. 58A . Appears medium to dark gray overall. Setae white, except as follows: scutum often mixed light and dark; leg inner faces orangish.

Female similar to male, except: Head: Galea more striate throughout. Mandible with inferior tooth small, ridge-like, slightly angled off main blade ( Fig. 43A ). Mesosoma: Midtibial spur apically curved; tan to orange. Basitibial plate distally circular, teardropped overall. Metasoma: T1–T4 covered in appressed setae; T5 with extensive appressed setae. T4 impunctate rim of short to moderate length medially, only vaguely triangular at most. Anal fimbria varying from mound-like to triangular, covering under third to clearly over third of T5 length medially. Pubescence: See Fig. 48A . Hindbasitarsal brush yellow to orangish; anal fimbria tan or orange to medium brown.

Distribution. See Fig. 30 . Present in USA: California, Arizona, Nevada, possibly Utah; Mexico: Baja California Norte, likely Sonora. Found almost exclusively in Sonoran and Mojave Deserts. Ecoregional habitance is as follows, based on 157 specimen records: 3 ecoregions total: Sonoran Desert (101=65.8%), Mojave Desert (53=33.6%), Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests (1≤1%).

Phenology. Recorded from March–May, October, almost exclusively spring, most common in April. Univoltine, two October records from same collection in Pima County (AZ) likely opportunistic emergences.

Nesting biology. Unknown.

Floral specialization. Likely specialist on Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) , despite visits to other plant families. Galea striate similarly to many other Larrea specialists from multiple families, including Andrenidae Ancylandrena larreae ( Timberlake, 1951) ; Calliopsis (Nomadopsis) foleyi ( Timberlake, 1952) ; Calliopsis (Nomadopsis) larreae ( Timberlake, 1952) ; Megandrena enceliae ( Cockerell, 1927) (weak, but clearly more striated than in other Megandrena Cockerell ); Perdita (Perdita) punctulata Timberlake, 1958 ; Perdita (Perdita) semicaerulea Cockerell, 1896 ; Apidae Habropoda pallida ( Timberlake, 1937) (weakly so); and Melittidae Hesperapis (Amblyapis) larreae Cockerell, 1907b . Interestingly, another Larrea specialist, Perdita (Perditella) larreae Cockerell, 1896 , has unusual sculpturing on the galea. Given that kleptoparasitic Hexepeolus rhodogyne Linsley and Michener, 1937 also has a striate galea, and is closely associated with host Ancylandrena larreae , the striations possibly relate to nectar rather than pollen gathering ( Rozen 1992). Interestingly, all species with striations have relatively stout, rigid galeae (compared to Megachilidae specializing on Larrea ). Alternative host visits associated with non- Larrea pollen loads after the Larrea bloom ends have been repeatedly confirmed by MCO, suggesting that patterns of disparate host use, which characterize eclectic specialization ( Cane & Sipes 2006), may be a consequence of floral resource availability in some cases. Primary recorded visits by 49 females include: Family Zygophyllaceae (35%), Asteraceae (24%), Boraginaceae (24%); Genus Larrea (35%), Phacelia (24%); Species Larrea tridentata (33%). 70 total floral records from six families include: Asteraceae (4 ♂ 11 ♀): Baileya sp. 3 ♂ 1 ♀, Bebbia juncea 4 ♀, Chaenactis fremontii 1 ♀, Chaenactis sp. 1 ♀, Malacothrix sp. 1 ♀, Palafoxia linearis 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Psilostrophe sp. 1 ♀, Boraginaceae (4 ♂ 12 ♀): Phacelia crenulata 1 ♂, Phacelia sp. 3 ♂ 12 ♀, Fabaceae (2 ♂ 4 ♀): Dalea mollis 1 ♀, Lupinus sp. 2 ♂ 3 ♀, Malvaceae (2 ♀): Sphaeralcea sp. 2 ♀, Polygonaceae (2 ♀): Eriogonum sp. 2 ♀, Zygophyllaceae (11 ♂ 17 ♀): Larrea divericata 1 ♂, Larrea sp. 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Larrea tridentata 8 ♂ 16 ♀.

Etymology. This species is named striata (“striated”) for the distinctive sculpting of the galea, a trait otherwise unseen in the ( Micranthophora ). Note that this species is called “ aff. salazariae ” on determination labels prior to the choice of a species name. The epithet is a participle in the nominative singular.

Paratypes: USA: CALIFORNIA: Inyo County: Panamint Springs , 8 mi. S : 1 ♂, 29 Apr 1975, J.C. Hall ( UCRC ENT) ; Riverside County: Blythe, 18 mi W : 1 ♂, 3 Apr 1951, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 4 Apr 1958, P.H. Timberlake ( UCRC ENT) ; 1 ♂, 9 Apr 1962, R .M. Bohart; 1 ♀, 2 Apr 1963, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 2 Apr 1963, M.E. Irwin; 1 ♀, 2 Apr 1963, No collector; 1 ♀, 3 Apr 1963, F.D. Parker; Blythe, 18 mi W; northern entrance: 1 ♀, 3 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Blythe, 33 air km NW; Midland: 1 ♀, 26 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; 2 ♀, 26 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; Hopkins Well: 1 ♀, 16 Apr 1958, J.A. Powell; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 16 Apr 1958, P.D. Hurd; 1 ♀, 16 Apr 1958, P.D. Hurd; 1 ♀, 16 Apr 1958, P.D. Hurd; 1 ♀, 22 Mar 1977, T .L. Griswold.

Other specimens examined: MEXICO: Baja California Norte: San Felipe: 1 ♀, 24 Mar 1963, G.I. Stage. USA: ARIZONA: La Paz County: Midway; BM S280, nr: 1 ♀, 4 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Parker: 1 ♀, 1 May 1964, collector unknown; Quartzite, 11 mi N: 1 ♀, 27 Mar 1967, G.E. Bohart, P.F. Torchio; Quartzsite, 11 mi N: 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 27 Mar 1967, G.E. Bohart, P.F. Torchio; 2 ♀, 27 Mar 1967, P.F. Torchio, G.E. Bohart; Yuma, 11 mi N Quartzsite: 1 ♂, 27 Mar 1967, collector unknown; Maricopa County: Maricopaco, Aguila: 1 ♂, 6 Apr 1977, F.(do not use) Parker; Rainbow Valley; 0.5km N Mobile: 1 ♂, 30 Mar–6 Apr 2010, M.E. Irwin; Pima County: Catalina Mountains, Hitchcock Hwy mile 6: 1 ♂, 9 Apr 1955, F.G. Werner; Davis-Monthan AFB: 1 ♀, 10 Apr 1997, R.L. Minckley; Robles Junction, 7 km W: 2 ♀, 15 Oct 1999, R.L. Minckley; Sandario Rd., 9km N.Hwy 86: 1 ♀, 6 Apr 1997, T. Roulston, R.L. Minckley; Tucson, Davis Monthan AFB: 1 ♀, 13 Apr 1997, T. Roulston; Pinal County: Stanfield: 1 ♂ 6 ♀, 11 Apr 1955, Butler, Werner; Yavapai County: Aguila, 18 mi N: 1 ♂, 6 Apr 1977, F.D. Parker; 1 ♂, 6 Apr 1979, F.D. Parker; Aguila, 8 mi N: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 6 Apr 1977, F.(do not use) Parker; 2 ♂, 6 Apr 1977, F.D. Parker; Yuma County: 3 mi W of Wellton: 1 ♀, 31 Mar 1967, R.R. Snelling; Dateland: 2 ♀, 12 Apr 1955, Butler, Werner; Dateland, 5 mi W: 1 ♀, 15 Mar 1968, R.L. Brumley; Maricopa, near Aztec, Alfalfa field: 1 ♂, 29 Mar 1970, collector unknown; Tinajas Altas, 5km NE: 1 ♀, 24 Mar 1995, R.L. Minckley; 2 ♀, 26 Mar 1995, collector unknown; Vicksburg, 7 mi NW: 1 ♂, 2 Apr 1956, G.D. Butler, Werner; CALIFORNIA: Imperial County: Coyote Wells: 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 18 Mar 1956, R.R. Snelling; Palo Verde: 1 ♀, 1 Apr 1968, R.M. Bohart; Pinto Wash, 3mi W: 2 ♀, 22 Mar 1986, R. Parks; Inyo County: Eureka Dunes: 1 ♀, 14 May 1995, J. Cane, L. Kervin; Eureka Dunes, 6.5 km NW: 1 ♀, 16 May 1995, T.L. Griswold; Eureka Valley Dunes: 1 ♂, 17 May 1995, R.T. Griswold; Stovepipe Wells: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 31 Mar 1951, J.W. MacSwain; 2 ♀ 3 ♀, 31 Mar 1951, P.D. Hurd; Riverside County: 19 mi W Blythe [= 19.4 mi W Blythe], Hopkins Well, Chuckwalla Valley: 1 ♀, 16 Apr 1958, J.A. Powell; Blythe, 18 mi W: 5 ♀, 2 Apr 1963, F.D. Parker; 2 ♀, 2 Apr 1963, M.E. Irwin; 1 ♀ 1 ♀, 2 Apr 1963, R.M. Bohart; 2 ♀, 3 Apr 1963, F.D. Parker; 4 ♀, 3 Apr 1963, M.E. Irwin; 1 ♂, 22 Mar 1967, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♀, 22 Mar 1967, R.O. Schuster; 2 ♀, 19 Apr 1973, J. Rozen; 2 ♂, 22 Mar 1974, F.D. Parker, R.M. Bitner; Corn Spring: 1 ♀, 16 Mar 1997, J.S. Ascher; Hopkins Well: 1 ♀, 14 Apr 1958, P.D. Hurd; 1 ♀ 1 ♀, 16 Apr 1958, J. Powell; 2 ♀ 2 ♀, 16 Apr 1958, P.D. Hurd; Rice, 12 mi SW: 1 ♀, 21 Apr 1951, C.D. MacNeil; Thousand Palms: 1 ♀, 4 Apr 1964, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 2 Apr 1966, R.M. Bohart; San Bernardino County: 29 Palms, Twentynine Palms: 1 ♂, 10 Apr 1962, R.P. Allen; Baker, 11 mi N: 1 ♀, 12 Apr 1966, M.A. Brusven; Baker, 23 mi S: 2 ♀, 21 Apr 1977, Chemsak; Kelso: 1 ♀, 7 May 1977, N.J. Smith; 1 ♀, 7 May 1977, R.W. Brooks; Manix, 22 mi N: 1 ♂, 25 Apr 1953, G.A. Marsh; 1 ♂, 26 Apr 1953, G.A. Marsh; 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 26 Apr 1953, P.D. Hurd; 1 ♂, 26 Apr 1953, collector unknown; Needles, 11 mi SE: 1 ♀, 13 Apr 1958, E.G. Linsley; Needles, 18 mi N: 1 ♂, 18 Apr 1969, P.F. Torchio; Needles, 20 mi N: 3 ♂ 11 ♀, 21 Apr 1966, P.F. Torchio, R.W. Rust, N. Youssef; 2 ♂, 15 Mar 1972, P.F. Torchio, W. Apperson; Rice: 1 ♂, 14 Mar 1972, P.F. Torchio, W. Apperson; Searchlight Junction, 1 mi W: 1 ♀, 21 Mar 1971, R.F. Denno, R.W. Rust; Searchlight, 30 mi S: 2 ♀ 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1966, P.F. Torchio, R.W. Rust, N. Youssef; Vidal Junction: 1 ♂, 3 Apr 1951, P.D. Hurd; Vidal, 27 mi N: 1 ♀, 13 Apr 1958, J.W. MacSwain; WSW of Ship Mountain, E of Bristol Dry Lake: 1 ♀, 23 Apr 2010, collector unknown; San Diego County: Borego: 1 ♀, 9 Apr 1936, R.E. Beer; Borrego Valley: 1 ♂, 18 Apr 1957, collector unknown; Borrego [= Borego], Borrego Valley [= Borego Valley]: 1 ♂, 5 Apr 1940, R.M. Bohart; Jacumba, 5 mi E: 1 ♀, 18 Mar 1956, T.R. Haig; NEVADA: Clark County : 3.2 mi W McCullough Pass: 1 ♀, 9 May 2005, S.M. Higbee; Callville Bay Rd: 1 ♀, 20 Apr 1998, T.L. Griswold; Grand Gulch Road, 22 air mi S Mesquite: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 11–21 May 1983, F.D. Parker, J.H. Parker; Henderson, 6 mi S: 1 ♀, 18 Apr 1969, P.F. Torchio; Searchlight, 5 mi N: 2 ♀, 3 May 1964, P.F. Torchio, G.E. Bohart.

Figures

FIGURE 30. Distribution of Anthophora striata. Generated with 157 specimen records from 65 locations.

FIGURE 38. Male sterna, S5 setae density and S6 rim form. Scale=0.5 mm. A) S5 with sparse setae; S6 medially emarginate, at least vaguely triangularly, evenly so (A. estebana, 72476). B) S5 setae density high, appearing tufted; S6 medially emarginate, at least vaguely triangularly, but at least slightly filled medially, sometimes tufted (A. maculifrons, 82068). C) S5 with sparse setae; S6 entire or nearly so, with transparent square of integument (A. petrophila, BBSL655748). D) S5 setae density high; S6 entire, medially knobbed (A. flavocincta, BBSL504065).

FIGURE 43. Female face of A) Anthophora striata (BBSL274662), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL275507). Scale=0.5 mm.

FIGURE 48. Female habitus of A) Anthophora striata (102083), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL502653). Scale=1 mm.

FIGURE 53. Male face of A) Anthophora striata (102059), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL277680). Scale=0.5 mm.

FIGURE 58. Male habitus of A) Anthophora striata (BBSL274667), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL812993). Scale=1 mm.

FIGURE 63. Male T7 of A) Anthophora striata (BBSL274665), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL281867). Scale=0.25 mm.

FIGURE 68. Male S7 of A) Anthophora striata (102070), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL502620). Scale=0.25 mm.

FIGURE 73. Male S8 of A) Anthophora striata (102070), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL502620). Scale=0.25 mm.

FIGURE 78. Male genital capsule of A) Anthophora striata (102070), B) A. timberlakei (BBSL502624). Scale=0.25 mm.