Dolichocephala thailandensis, Sinclair & Plant, 2017

Sinclair, Bradley J. & Plant, Adrian R., 2017, Dolichocephala Macquart of Thailand (Diptera: Empididae: Clinocerinae), Zootaxa 4358 (3), pp. 551-568 : 562-566

Dolichocephala thailandensis sp. nov.

( Figs 7 , 15, 16, 23, 25)

Type material. HOLOTYPE, ♂ labelled: “THAILAND: Chiang Mai/ Doi Phahompok NP/ Kiewlom1/ montane for./ 20°3.549′N 99°8.552′E/ 2174 m, MT, 28.ix.–4.x.2007 / P. Wongchai leg. T6159”; “HOLOTYPE/ Dolichocephala / thailandensis / Sinclair & Plant [red label]” (QSBG). PARATYPES: THAILAND. Chiang Mai Province: Doi Phahompok NP, Kiewlom2/ montane Forest, 20°3.426′N 99°8.553′E, 2112 m, MT, 28.ix.–4.x.2007, P. Wongchai leg. T6162 (4 ♂, CNC); same data as holotype (1 ♂, 1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP checkpoint 2, 18°31.559′N 98°29.941′E, 1700 m, MT, 2–10.xi.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T389 (1 ♂, CNC); Huai Nam Dang NP Helipad, 19°18.33′N 98°36.289′E, MT, 7–14.i.2008, Anuchart leg. T5596 (1 ♀, CNC); Doi Inthanon NP checkpoint 2, 18°31.559′N 98°29.941′E, 1700 m, MT, 5–12.x.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T365 (1 ♂, CNC); Doi Phahompok NP, Kiewlom2/ Montane Forest, 20°3.426′N 99°8.553′E, 2112 m, MT, 14–21.ix.2007, P. Wongchai leg. T6160 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Doi Inthanon NP Kew Maepan Trail, 18°33.162′N 98°28.81′E, 2200 m, MT, 22– 29.xii.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T1888 (1 ♀, CNC); Doi Inthanon NP summit marsh, 18°35.361′N 98°29.157′E, 2500 m, MT, 8–15.vii.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T64 (4 ♀, CNC); Doi Inthanon NP, Kew Maepan Trail, 18°33.162′N 98°28.81′E, 2200 m, MT, 29.iv.–6.v.2007, Y. Areeluck leg. T1853 (1 ♀, CNC); Doi Phahompok NP, Kiewlom1/ montane forest, 20°3.549′N 99°8.552′E, 2174 m, MT, 21–28.iv.2008, K. Seesom leg. T6075 (1 ♀, CNC); Doi Inthanon NP, summit forest, 18°35.361′N 98°29.157′E, 2500 m, MT, 8–15.vii.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T65 (1 ♂, CNC); Doi Inthanon NP, summit marsh, 18°35.361′N 98°29.157′E, 2500 m, MT, 16–24.viii.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T184 (3 ♂, QSBG); Doi Phahompok NP Doi Phaluang, 20°1.06′N 99°9.581′E, 1449 m, MT, 7–14.x.2007, P. Wongchai leg. T6186 (1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Phahompok NP, Mae Fang Hotspring, 19°57.961′N 99°9.355′E, 569 m, Pan trap, 8–9.xi.2007, P. Wongchai leg. T6218 (1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, Kew Maepan Trail, 18°33.162′N 98°28.81′E, 2200 m, MT, 29.xii.2006 – 5.i.2007, Y. Areeluck leg. T1893 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, Summit marsh, 18°35.361′N 98°29.157′E, 2500 m, Pan trap, 1–2.iii.2007, Y. Areeluck leg. T1769 (1 ♂, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, Kew Mae Pan, 18°33.163′N 98°28.8′E, 2200 m, MT, 8–15.vii.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T66 (2 ♂, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, Summit marsh, 18°35.361′N 98°29.157′E, 2500 m, MT, 8–15.xii.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T1877 (2 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, Summit marsh, 18°35.361′N 98°29.157′E, 2500 m, MT, 29.iv.–6.v.2007, Y. Areeluck leg. T1852 (1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, summit marsh, 18°35.361′N 98°29.157′E, 2500 m, MT, 22.vii.–2.viii.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T118 (5 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); Doi Inthanon NP, Kew Maepan Trail, 18°33.162′N 98°28.81′E, 2200 m, MT, 22–29.iv.2007, Y. Areeluck leg. T1847 (5 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Doi Phahompok NP, Kiewlom2/ montane forest, 20°3.426′N 99°8.553′E, 2112 m, MT, 21–28.ix.2007, P. Wongchai leg. T6161 (1 ♀, CNC); Doi Inthanon NP, summit marsh, 18°35.361′N 98°29.157′E, 2500 m, MT, 26.x.–2.xi.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T380 (2 ♂, QSBG); Huai Nam Dang NP, Thung Buatong View Point, 19°17.56′N 98°36.029′E, MT, 31.viii.– 7.ix.2007, Anuchart & Thawatchai leg. T5511 (2 ♀, QSBG); Doi Phahompok NP, Mae Fang Hotspring, 19°57.961′N 99°9.355′E, 569 m, MT, 14–21.x.2007, P. Wongchai leg. T6191 (1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Phahompok NP, Doi Phaluang, 20°1.06′N 99°9.581′E, 1449 m, MT, 14–21.ix.2007, P. Wongchai leg. T6164 (1 ♂, QSBG); Doi Phahompok NP, Doi Phaluang, 20°1.06′N 99°9.581′E, 1449 m, MT, 21–28.iii.2008, P. Wongchai leg. T6284 (2 ♀, QSBG); Doi Chiang Dao WS Nature trail, 19°24.278′N 98°55.311′E, 491 m, MT, 17–24.iii.2008, Songkran & Apichart leg. T3156 (1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Phahompok NP, Kiewlom1/ montane forest, 20°3.549′N 99°8.552′E, 2174 m, MT, 14–21.iv.2008, K. Seesom leg. T6078 (1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, Summit marsh, 18°35.361′N 98°29.157′E, 2500 m, MT, 9-16.ii.2007, Y. Areeluck leg. T1794 (1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, Kew Mae Pan, 18°33.163′N 98°28.8′E, 2200 m, MT, 27.ix.–5.x.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T350 (1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, summit marsh, 18°35.361′N 98°29.157′E, 2500 m, MT, 2–9.viii.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T124 (3 ♂, 2 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, Kew Mae Pan, 18°33.163′N 98°28.8′E, 2200 m, MT, 29.vi.–2.vii.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T38 (4 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, Kew Maepan Trail, 18°33.162′N 98°28.81′E, 2200 m, MT, 8–15.xii.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T1878 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, summit forest, 18°35.361′N 98°29.157′E, 2500 m, MT, 22.vii.–2.viii.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T119 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, checkpoint 2, 18°31.559′N 98°29.941′E, 1700 m, MT, 12–19.x.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T371 (1 ♀, QSBG); Doi Inthanon NP, Summit marsh, 18°35.361′N 98°29.157′E, 2500 m, MT, 10–17.xi.2006, Y. Areeluck leg. T1950 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, QSBG). Kamphaeng Phet Province: Mae Wong NP, Chong Yen, 16°5.212′N 99°6.576′E, 1306 m, MT, 14-21.i.2008, C. Piluek leg. T6307 (1 ♂, QSBG); Mae Wong NP, Chong Yen, 16°5.212′N 99°6.576′E, 1306 m, MT, 17–24.xii.2007, C. Piluek leg. T6303 (1 ♀, QSBG). Loei Province: Phu Hin Rongkia NP, Haui Man Daeng Noi at trail, 16°57′N 101°03′E, 1600 m, 17.iii.–10.v.2003, MT (1 ♂, CNC); Phu Hin Rongkia NP, Haui Man Daeng Noi at trail, 16°57′N 101°03′E, 1600 m, 14.xii.2002 – 17.i.2003, MT (2 ♀, QSBG). Nan Province: Doi Phu Kha NP Office 5, 19°12.418′N 101°4.809′E 1326 m, MT 8–15.ix.2007, Charoen & Nikom leg. T3216 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Doi Phu Kha NP Office 6, 19°12.349′N 101°4.617′E, 1360 m, MT, 22–29.ix.2007, Charoen & Nikom leg. T3222 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Doi Phu Kha NP Office 6, 19°12.349′N 101°4.617′E, 1360 m, MT, 1–8.ix.2007, Charoen & Nikom leg. T3219 (2 ♀, QSBG); Doi Phu Kha NP Office 8, 19°12.439′N 101°4.825′E, 1358 m, MT, 1–8.x.2007, Charoen & Nikom leg. T3235 (2 ♀, CNC).

Additional material. THAILAND. Chiang Mai Province: Doi Inthanon NP, summit (Angka) 18.58892°N 98.48481°E, 2545 m, Rhododendron scrub in moist hill evergreen forest at edge of Sphagnum bog, MT, multiple dates 2014, Srisuka & Plant leg. QSBG-2014–08, 2014–80, 2014–127, 2014–177, 2014–213, 2014–271 (13 ♂, 19 ♀); Doi Inthanon NP, summit (behind office), 18.58689°N 98.48723°E, 2534 m, moist hill evergreen forest, MT, multiple dates 2014, Srisuka & Plant leg. QSBG- 2014–78, 2014–79, 2014–125, 2014–126, 2014–153, 2014–211, 2014–212, 2014–233, 2014–270 (7 ♂, 10 ♀); Doi Inthanon NP, Kiew Maepan, 18.55817°N 98.48103°E, 2210 m, moist hill evergreen forest, MT, multiple dates 2014, Srisuka & Plant leg. QSBG-2014–9, 2014–26, 2014–82, 2014–83, 2014–129, 2014–156, 2014–157, 2014–178, 2014–179, 2014–215, 2014–215, 2014–272, 2014–273, 2014–288, 2014–325 (41 ♂, 121 ♀); Doi Inthanon NP, Siribhume waterfall, 18.54567°N 98.51472°E, hill evergreen forest with dry evergreen, mixed deciduous and Pinus influences, MT, 2–29.v.2014, 29.ix.–4.xi.2014, Srisuka & Plant leg. QSBG-2014–133, 2014–276 (1 ♂, 2♀); Doi Phahompok NP, route to summit trap 1, 20.05042°N 99.14406°E, 2036 m, moist hill evergreen forest, MT, 1–30.iv.2014, 30.iv.–29.v.2014, 4–31.xii.2013, Srisuka & Plant leg. QSBG- 2014–15, 2014–138, 2014–141 (9 ♂, 6 ♀); route to summit trap 2, 20.05222°N 99.14339°E, 2059 m, moist hill evergreen forest, MT, 1–30.iv.2014, 30.iv.–29.v.2014, 29.v.–30.vi.2014, Srisuka & Plant leg. QSBG-2014–139, 2014–142, 2015–170 (12 ♂, 8 ♀); route to summit trap 3, 20.0 5492°N 99.14239°E, 2105 m, moist hill evergreen forest, MT, 30.iv.–29.v.2014, 29.v.–30.vi.2014, 31.x.–3.xii.2014, Srisuka & Plant leg. QSBG-2014–143, 2014–171, 2014–302 (1 ♂, 1 ♀).

Recognition. This is a brown species distinguished by the seven wing spots, R2+3 normal, ending in costa distal to base of R4 and auxiliary crossvein, clasping cercus strongly tapered to narrow apex and distiphallus recurved, with apex broadly inflated laterally.

Description (wing length 2.0– 2.6 mm). Male. Head: Slender, tapered ventrally. Clypeus and face with greyish pruinescence, extending dorsally as narrow stripe around ocellar triangle and joining to form “V” on upper occiput. Ocellar triangle with pair of stout upturned setae. Antenna dark brown.

Thorax: Scutum brown without bluish pruinescent medial stripe. Pleura with bluish pruinescent stripe from just above fore coxa straight posteriorly to below posterior spiracle. Several very minute acrostichals anterior to first dc; 5 dc; 1 pprn; 1 presut spal; 1 upper npl; 1 pal; 2 sctl, subequal in length to dc. Laterotergite with several brownish setulae.

Legs: Fore coxa and femora yellow, remaining segments darkening apically; mid and hind coxae brown, concolourous with pleura.

Wing (Fig. 16): Narrow; infuscate; single long basal costal seta present; base of R4 slightly arched, joining R5 at acute angle; base of cell r4 tapered; R4 sinuous, with short auxiliary crossvein connecting to R2+3 less than half length of base of R4; R2+3 normal, ending in costa distal to base of R4 and auxiliary crossvein; irrorations distinct: base of cell r1 with slender spot; two large spots in cell r2+3; one spot each in cells r4, m1, m2 and m4; cell r5 with 1 subapical spot; cell dm with 1 spot in basal half; cell bm infuscate. Halter pale brown.

Abdomen: Sclerites brown, concolourous with thorax; lateral margins of tergites shiny. Terminalia ( Fig. 7 ): Hypandrium subtriangular, with 2 lateral setae. Phallus straight, slender, well sclerotized; distiphallus recurved, apex broadly inflated laterally. Ejaculatory apodeme slender. Epandrium rounded with several long, stout marginal dorsal setae. Clasping cercus subtriangular, strongly tapered to narrow apex, arched medially; outer face with long posterior setae. Cercal plate with 2 long setae. Lobe of subepandrial sclerite present, extended beyond surstylus and epandrium. Surstylus slender, apex rounded, digitiform, subequal in length to lobe subepandrial sclerite; inner posterior face with row of setae.

Female. Similar to male. Cercus short, length less than 2X basal width.

Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality, Thailand; the most widespread species in the country.

Distribution. This species is widely distributed in northern Thailand occurring in the Thanon Thongchai, Daen Lao, Luang Prabang ranges, Petchabun Mountains and the northern Tenasserim Hills ( Fig. 23 ). Although occurring as low as 491 m, most examples were captured above 1,300 m in hill evergreen and moist hill evergreen forest biotopes.

Remarks. Adult activity apparently peaks at the start of the monsoon in April with a second peak at the end of the monsoon in July / August, extending into October / November during the cold season ( Fig. 25 ). This new species is closely related to D. brevis Liu, Wang & Yang on the basis of the similar shaped clasping cercus and arched distiphallus ( Liu et al. 2014, fig. 2).

Figures

FIGURE 25. Phenology of adult abundance of Dolichocephala thailandensis sp. nov. caught on Doi Inthanon and Doi Phahompok and all other localities.

FIGURES 5–7. Male terminalia of Dolichocephala spp. in Thailand, lateral view. 5. D. longicerca sp. nov.; 6. D. srisukai sp. nov.; 7. D. thailandensis sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cl cerc—clasping cercus; distph—distiphallus; phphallus.

FIGURES 17–23. Distribution of Dolichocephala spp. in Thailand at a resolution of 0.25° of latitude and longitude with symbols scaled to 0.5°. 17. D. bicolor sp. nov.; 18. D. curvata sp. nov.; 19. D. immaculata sp. nov.; 20. D. incus sp. nov.; 21. D. longicercasp. nov.; 22. D. srisukai sp.nov.; 23. D. thailandensis sp. nov.