Gyrophallus, Randall T. Schuh & Michael D. Schwartz, 2016

Randall T. Schuh & Michael D. Schwartz, 2016, Nineteen new genera and 82 new species of Cremnorrhinina from Australia, including analyses of host relationships and distributions (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylininae: Cremnorrhinini), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 401, pp. 1-279 : 99-101

Gyrophallus , new genus

TYPE SPECIES: Gyrophallus symondsae , new species.

DIAGNOSIS: Male recognized by the elongate, parallel-sided body form, green to pale general coloration, presence of a dark, somewhat diffuse, spot on corium near inner angle of cuneus and at apex of small membrane cell (pls. 12, 14), twisted form of Jshaped endosoma with an expanded medial region of one strap, and two—sometimes three—apical spines of varying length, always accompanied by a membranous bag covered with tiny denticles (figs. 37–44). Sexual dimorphism moderate, females shorter and more strongly ovoid than males, but with similar coloration. The relatively large size, parallel-sided body form, and general coloration—including two pairs of dark spots on the dorsum—similar to Austroplagiognathus spp., but endosoma in Austroplagiognathus distinctive with two, long, nearly parallel, apical spines and sigmoid body without twisting, whereas in Gyrophallus Jshaped with twisted straps.

DESCRIPTION: MALE: Total length 3.43–5.56, pronotum width 0.96–1.31. COLORATION (pls. 12, 14): Pale, yellowish or green, including all appendages; corium usually with infuscate mark adjacent to inner angle of cuneus; membrane usually with a dark marking at apex of cells. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pls. 12, 14): Dorsum smooth, polished and weakly shining. Dorsum clothed with recumbent pale or dark simple setae. STRUC- TURE: Head (pls. 12, 14): Short, transverse; frons at most weakly surpassing anterior margin of eyes; eyes moderately large, distinctly bulging, somewhat exserted from anterolateral angle of pronotum; eyes in lateral view occupying approximately two-thirds height of head; antennal segment 2 of variable length, weakly tapered proximally; antenna inserted slightly above ventral margin of eye. Thorax (pls. 12, 14): Pronotum with lateral margins nearly straight to weakly convex, anterior lobe short, calli weakly demarcated along posterior margin, posterior lobe at most weakly elevated, posterior margin straight to weakly concave, with rounded humeral angles; mesoscutum weakly to broadly exposed; scutellum triangular, flat. Hemelytron: Moderately to greatly elongate, corial margin nearly straight. GENITALIA (figs. 37–44, pls. 13, 15): Pygophore: Triangular, either large and narrowly elongate or of moderate size; posterior margin usually truncate; dorsal surface without tubercles or clumps of bristles. Endosoma: J-shaped, straps twisted, like a rope, margins of straps strongly undulating and diverging medially; middle of dorsal strap twisted, overlapping ventral strap; endosoma with two, sometimes three, apical spines of varying length and orientation, always accompanied by billowy membranous bag of varying shape, extent, and intensity of surface microtrichia; secondary gonopore terminal or nearly so, contained within membranous interstrap region of variable shape. Phallotheca: Apical region elongate, narrow or short and broadly conical; dorsal surface without crest, sometimes apical portion with strongly sclerotized and thickened internal ridge; aperture on anterior dorsoapical aspect, sometimes almost entirely apical, size and shape of aperture variable; basal portion usually long, reaching anteriad from one-half to three quarters length of pygophore in situ; right side usually with narrow sclerotized strap. Parameres: Left paramere usually with dorsoposterior margin undulating, strongly produced, sometimes medial portion prominent, inflated, and obscuring anterior process in dorsal view; posterior process with strongly undulating lateral margin and straight distal region; anterior process reduced to minute or very smallusually sharp—spine; rarely left paramere elongate in dorsal view and anterior process large; prominent seta laterad of anterior process. Right paramere moderately large or large and elongate; apical projections variable.

FEMALE (pls. 12, 14): Coloration similar to male. Total length 3.05–5.06, pronotum Map 10.

Distribution of Gyrophallus lasseteri – G. symondsae .

width 0.89–1.36. Eyes smaller, vertex broader than in male; hemelytron shorter, costal margin more noticeably convex; antennal segment 2 similar in structure to that of male. GENITALIA (pl. 46): Subgenital plate of sternite 6: Concave medially. Vestibular sclerites: Large, reaching to middle of sclerotized rings. First gonapophyses: Relatively large, quadrate basal blocks with undulate margins. Ventral labiate plate: Platelike medial anteroventral extension wider than lateral extent of basal gonapophysal structures, anterior surface undulate, covering anterior surface of basal structures, sometimes bent to left side. Dorsal labiate plate: Large; very long longitudinally. Sclerotized rings: Large, relatively flat, relatively thin-walled, subovoid or subtriangular. Posteromedial region: Surface without conspicuous microstructure. Anterolateral region: Anterior margin extending beyond anterior edge of sclerotized rings by length of a ring. Posterior wall: Intersegmental structure: Conspicuous triangular transverse outpocket projecting posteriorly from dorsal surface of connecting membrane. Interramal sclerites: Apparently entirely membranous with conspicuous microspiculate dorsal surface.

ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin, gyro, “to turn around,” and phallus, in reference to the twisted nature of the endosoma; masculine.