Copris, Geoffroy, 1762

Ziani, Stefano, 2017, Morphological revision of the western Palaearctic species of the genus Copris Geoffroy, 1762 with three foretibial external teeth (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae), Insecta Mundi 2017 (528), pp. 1-26 : 14-15

Key to Western Palaearctic Copris

1. Pronotal anterior angles acutely produced outwards. Length from 20 to 30 mm. Central and southern Europe; Middle East, Central Asia; North Africa ........... C. hispanus (Linnaeus)

— Pronotal anterior angles broadly rounded. Length from 15 to 25 mm ...................................... 2

2. Foretibiae with four lateral teeth. Medial lobe of metasternum with a longitudinal groove, never ending posteriorly in a deep hollow. Male cephalic horn with two tubercles posteriorly at base. Male pronotal anterior declivity with two small teeth. Length from 15 to 25 mm. Europe; Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, western China....................................... C. lunaris (Linnaeus)

— Foretibiae with three lateral teeth. Medial lobe of metasternum with a longitudinal groove, ending posteriorly in a more or less deep and concave, impunctate hollow. Male cephalic horn without tubercles posteriorly at base. Male pronotal anterior declivity smooth, without teeth ............................................................................................................................................ 3

3. Elytral striae crenulated, especially near base. Male upper edge of anterior declivity with a high ridge interrupted at middle by a hollow, smaller than 1/5 of length of ridge; pronotum on each side with a deep excavation whose outer margin is produced obliquely forward as a pointed, pyramidal process; sides of elytra subparallel. Length from 15 to 23 mm. Algeria, Tunisia; Armenia (?); Turkey (?), Iran (?) .............................. C. pueli Mollandin de Boissy

— Elytral striae not crenulated. Male upper edge of anterior declivity with a carina formed by two blunt prominences, separated at middle by a hollow as wide as one of them; pronotum on each side without a deep excavation, lateral gibbosity from obsolete to absent; elytra slightly round at sides ............................................................................................................................. 4

4. Male cephalic horn with tip dilated and bifurcate, placed approximately at head midlength and in lateral view subperpendicular. Length from 18 to 24 mm. Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan; eastern Turkey, Iran................................................................................... C. felschei Reitter

— Male cephalic horn with tip normally thin and round, placed forward of head midlength and in lateral view curved forward. Length from 15 to 22 mm. Southeastern Europe; western and central Turkey.................................................................. C. umbilicatus Abeille de Perrin