Syllis Savigny

Mikac, Barbara, 2015, A sea of worms: polychaete checklist of the Adriatic Sea, Zootaxa 3943 (1), pp. 1-172 : 135-139

Genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818

® Syllis alternata Moore, 1908

DISTRIBUTION: NA.

NEW RECORDS: BM52, BM54.

REMARKS: These are the first records from the Adriatic Sea.

Syllis amica Quatrefages, 1866

DISTRIBUTION: NA, CA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Laubier 1962; Katzmann 1971, 1972, 1973a, 1973f; Velimirov & Sint 1975; Amoureux 1975, 1983c; Katzmann 1983; Požar-Domac 1983, 1986; Špan et al. 1989; Gherardi et al. 1993; Požar-Domac 1994; Zahtila 1995; Musco et al. 2004; Simonini et al. 2005a; Boscolo et al. 2006; Simonini et al. 2007; Casellato & Stefanon 2008; Castelli et al. 2008.

OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Typosyllis amica (Quatrefages, 1865) .

Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776)

DISTRIBUTION: NA, CA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Fauvel 1938; Cognetti 1958; Zavodnik 1967b; Amoureux & Katzmann 1971; Katzmann 1971, 1972, 1973a; Velimirov & Sint 1975; Amoureux 1975, 1983c; Katzmann 1983; Fassari 1983; Katzmann 1971, 1972, 1973a; Špan et al. 1989; Zahtila 1995; Fraschetti et al. 2002; Aleffi et al. 2003; Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Musco et al. 2004; Požar-Domac 1986, 1994; Castelli et al. 2008; Mikac & Musco 2010; Musco 2012. NEW RECORDS: BM53, BM54, BM80, BM81, Zavodnik & Kovačić 2000 BM82, BM85, BM87, BM88, BM89, BM99.

OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Typosyllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1771) ; Syllis (Typosyllis) armillaris Malmgren, 1867 ; Syllis (T.) armillaris Müller, 1771 .

Syllis beneliahuae ( Campoy & Alquézar, 1982)

DISTRIBUTION: NA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Musco et al. 2004 Castelli et al. 2008; Mikac & Musco 2010; Musco 2012.

* Syllis caeca (Katzmann, 1973)

DISTRIBUTION: NA, CA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Katzmann 1973a, 1973f, 1983; Županović & Jardas 1989; Požar-Domac 1994; Cantone & Di Pietro 2002; Castelli et al. 2008.

OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Langerhansia caeca Katzmann, 1973 .

Syllis columbretensis ( Campoy, 1982)

DISTRIBUTION: SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Fraschetti et al. 2002; Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Castelli et al. 2008. REMARKS: According to Licher (1999) this species is a junior synonym of Syllis variegata Grube 1860 , while San Martín (2003) considers that S. columbretensis is valid and that both species are present in the Mediterranean Sea. Both species have been reported from the Adriatic Sea.

Syllis compacta Gravier, 1900

DISTRIBUTION: SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Castelli et al. 2008.

Syllis corallicola Verrill, 1900

DISTRIBUTION: NA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Musco et al. 2004; Castelli et al. 2008; Mikac & Musco 2010; Musco 2012. NEW RECORDS: BM84.

? Syllis cornuta (Rathke, 1843)

DISTRIBUTION: NA, CA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Stossich 1883; Carus 1884; Fauvel 1940; Vatova 1942, 1949a; Kiseleva 1964; Gamulin- Brida et al. 1968; Bellan 1969; Banse 1970; Zavodnik 1971; Katzmann 1971, 1972, 1973a, 1973f; Gamulin-Brida 1974; Velimirov & Sint 1975; Amoureux 1975, 1979; Murina & Zavodnik 1979; Zavodnik 1979; Zavodnik et al. 1981; Zavodnik & Vidaković 1982; Amoureux 1983a, 1983c; Avčin & Vrišer 1983; Katzmann 1983; Požar-Domac 1983, 1986; Murina & Zavodnik 1986; Zavodnik & Vidaković 1987; Špan et al. 1989; Požar-Domac 1994; Zahtila 1995, 1997; Zavodnik & Kovačić 2000; Cantone & Di Pietro 2002; Aleffi et al. 2003; Simonini et al. 2007; Solis- Weiss et al. 2007; Castelli et al. 2008.

OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Ehlersia cornuta (Rathke, 1843) ; Langerhansia cornuta (Rathke 1843) . REMARKS: This species was commonly reported from both hard and soft bottoms in the whole Adriatic Sea. According to Licher (1999) and San Martín (2003), S. cornuta is not present in the Mediterranean Sea, being typical of boreal regions. San Martín (2003) assigned the previous records of the species that were based on Campoy's (1982) description of S. cornuta to S. parapari San Martín & López, 2000. Mikac and Musco (2010) hypothesized that the previous records of S. cornuta in the NA possibly refer to S. beneliahuae ( Campoy & Alquézar, 1982) , S. rosea Langerhans, 1879 , S. garciai ( Campoy, 1982) or S. parapari .

Syllis cruzi Núñez & San Martín, 1991

DISTRIBUTION: SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Giangrande et al. 2003; Castelli et al. 2008.

Syllis ferrani Alós & San Martín, 1987

DISTRIBUTION: NA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Musco et al. 2004; Castelli et al. 2008; Mikac & Musco 2010; Musco 2012.

NEW RECORDS: BM54, BM76, BM78, BM84, BM87, BM89.

Syllis garciai ( Campoy, 1982)

DISTRIBUTION: NA, CA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Fraschetti et al. 2002; Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Musco et al. 2004; Castelli et al. 2008; Mikac & Musco 2010; Musco 2012.

NEW RECORDS: BM13, BM16, BM18, BM19, BM20, BM28, BM34, BM52, BM53, BM54, BM65, BM68, BM70, BM71, BM73, BM74, BM80, BM84, BM85, BM91, BM99.

Syllis gerlachi (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960)

DISTRIBUTION: NA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Fraschetti et al. 2002; Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Musco et al. 2004; Castelli et al. 2008; Mikac & Musco 2010; Musco 2012.

NEW RECORDS: BM80, BM83, BM84, BM87, BM89.

OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Syllis truncata cryptica Ben-Eliahu, 1977 .

Syllis gerundensis (Alós & Campoy, 1981)

DISTRIBUTION: SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Musco et al. 2004; Musco Castelli et al. 2008; 2012.

* Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840

DISTRIBUTION: NA, CA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Grube 1840; Grube 1861; Lorenz 1863; Carus 1884; Fauvel 1938; Cognetti 1958; Laubier 1962; Zavodnik 1965, 1967b; Banse 1970; Amoureux & Katzmann 1971; Katzmann 1971, 1972, 1973a; Amoureux 1975; Velimirov & Sint 1975; Relini et al. 1977; Amoureux 1983c; Fassari 1983; Katzmann 1983; Požar-Domac 1983, 1986; Gillet 1986; Špan et al. 1989; Gherardi et al. 1993; Giangrande & Rubino 1994; Požar- Domac 1994; Zahtila 1995; Crema et al. 2000; Zavodnik & Kovačić 2000; Piscitelli et al. 2001; Fraschetti et al. 2002; Nonnis et al. 2002; Giangrande et al. 2003; Munari et al. 2003; Musco et al. 2004; Prevedelli et al. 2007; Casellato & Stefanon 2008; Castelli et al. 2008; Mikac & Musco 2010; Musco 2012.

NEW RECORDS: BM19, BM76, BM77, BM78, BM80, BM81, BM83, BM84, BM87, BM88, BM89.

* Syllis hyalina Grube, 1863

DISTRIBUTION: NA, CA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Grube 1863, 1864; Stossich 1876, 1883; Carus 1884; Graeffe 1905; Fauvel 1938; Meštrov 1957; Cognetti 1958; Laubier 1962; Zavodnik 1965, 1967b; Katzmann 1971, 1972; Marcuzzi 1972; Katzmann 1973a; Velimirov & Sint 1975; Amoureux 1975, 1983c; Avčin & Vrišer 1983; Katzmann 1983; Požar-Domac 1983, 1986, 1994; Fraschetti et al. 2002; Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Musco et al. 2004; Casellato & Stefanon 2008; Castelli et al. 2008; Musco 2012.

NEW RECORDS: BM53, BM54, BM84.

OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Typosyllis hyalina ( Grube, 1863) ; Syllis macrocola Marenzeller, 1874 .

Syllis jorgei San Martín & López, 2000

DISTRIBUTION: SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Giangrande et al. 2003; Musco et al. 2004; Castelli et al. 2008.

* Syllis krohni Ehlers, 1864

DISTRIBUTION: NA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Ehlers 1864; Stossich 1883; Carus 1884; Fauvel 1934, 1938; Cognetti 1958; Laubier 1962; Katzmann 1971, 1972; Marcuzzi 1972; Amoureux 1975; Velimirov & Sint 1975; Igić 1982; Amoureux 1983c; Požar-Domac 1994; Zahtila 1995; Fraschetti et al. 2002; Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Musco et al. 2004; Lepore et al. 2006; Castelli et al. 2008; Mikac & Musco 2010; Musco 2012. NEW RECORDS: BM78, BM83, BM85.

OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Typosyllis krohnii ( Ehlers, 1864) ; Syllis krohnii Ehlers, 1864 .

* Syllis nigricirris Grube, 1863

DISTRIBUTION: NA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Grube 1863, 1864; Stossich 1883; Carus 1884; Amoureux & Katzmann 1971; Katzmann 1972; Fassari 1983; Požar-Domac 1994; Casellato & Stefanon 2008; Castelli et al. 2008. OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Typosyllis nigricirris ( Grube, 1863) .

® Syllis parapari San Martín & López, 2000

DISTRIBUTION: NA.

NEW RECORDS: BM52, BM53, BM54, BM65, BM66.

REMARKS: These are the first records from the Adriatic Sea. According to San Martín (2003) the previous findings of Syllis cornuta (Rathke, 1843) in the Mediterranean Sea should be attributed to S. parapari . It is also possible that at least some of the former Adriatic findings of S. cornuta , especially those from the soft bottoms, belong to S. parapari ( Mikac & Musco 2010) . Analyses of some specimens collected within the present research and firstly determined as S. alosae San Martín, 1992, were re-examined by G. San Martín and revealed to be S. parapari . Syllis alosae was originally described from the Caribbean Sea ( San Martín 1992), and although it has been cited in some papers for the Mediterranean area, its presence in the Mediterranean is considered doubtful, since no taxonomic re-descriptions from the European waters are up to now available (WoRMS 2014). Thus previous records of S. alosae in the southern Adriatic by Castelli et al. (2008) and Giangrande et al. (2003) are herein considered erroneous identifications, as they may refer to S. parapari .

Syllis pontxioi San Martín & López, 2000 DISTRIBUTION: SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Musco et al. 2004; Castelli et al. 2008.

Syllis prolifera Krohn, 1852

DISTRIBUTION: NA, CA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Grube 1864; Stossich 1876, 1883; Graeffe 1905; Fauvel 1938; Cognetti 1958; Zavodnik 1965, 1967b; Amoureux & Katzmann 1971; Katzmann 1971, 1972; Amoureux 1975; Velimirov & Sint 1975; Relini et al. 1977; Amoureux 1983c; Požar-Domac 1983, 1986, 1994; Zahtila 1995; Zavodnik & Kovačić 2000; Fraschetti et al. 2002; Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Musco et al. 2004; Giangrande et al. 2005; Casellato & Stefanon 2008; Castelli et al. 2008; Mikac & Musco 2010; Musco 2012.

OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Typosyllis prolifera (Krohn, 1852) ; Syllis fiumensis Ehlers 1864 ; Syllis lussinensis Grube 1863 ; Syllis bouvieri Gravier, 1900 ; Syllis zonata Haswell, 1883 .

REMARKS: Following the proposal of Licher (1999), Syllis zonata Haswell, 1883 and S. bouvieri Gravier, 1900 (reported in Fraschetti et al. 2002; Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004) are here considered as synonyms of S. prolifera . However, according to Castelli et al. (2008) S. zonata and S. bouvieri could be valid species.

Syllis pulvinata (Langerhans, 1881)

DISTRIBUTION: SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Musco et al. 2004; Castelli et al. 2008; Musco 2012. OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Syllis mediterranea Ben-Eliahu, 1977 .

Syllis rosea Langerhans, 1879

DISTRIBUTION: NA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Castelli et al. 2008; Fraschetti et al. 2002; Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Mikac & Musco 2010; Musco et al. 2004.

NEW RECORDS: BM81.

* Syllis variegata Grube, 1860 DISTRIBUTION: NA, CA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Grube 1860, 1861, 1864; Stossich 1883; Carus 1884; Graeffe 1905; Fauvel 1934; Banse 1970; Amoureux & Katzmann 1971; Katzmann 1971, 1972, 1973a; Velimirov & Sint 1975; Amoureux 1975, 1976, 1983c; Katzmann 1983; Požar-Domac 1983, 1986, 1994; Gherardi et al. 1993; Fraschetti et al. 2002; Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Musco et al. 2004; Casellato & Stefanon 2008; Castelli et al. 2008; Mikac & Musco 2010; Musco 2012.

NEW RECORDS: BM18, BM34, BM54, BM84.

OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Typosyllis variegata ( Grube, 1860) ; Syllis (Typosyllis) variegata Grube, 1860 .

Syllis vittata Grube 1840

DISTRIBUTION: NA, CA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Grube 1861; Lorenz 1863; Stossich 1876, 1883; Graeffe 1905; Fauvel 1938; Cognetti 1958; Katzmann 1971, 1972; Marcuzzi 1972; Velimirov & Sint 1975; Relini et al. 1977; Amoureux 1983c; Fassari 1983; Požar-Domac 1986, 1994; Zahtila 1995; Zavodnik & Kovačić 2000; Boscolo et al. 2006; Castelli et al. 2008. OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Typosyllis vittata ( Grube 1840) .

Syllis vivipara Krohn, 1869

DISTRIBUTION: NA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Giangrande et al. 2003; Casellato et al. 2007; Casellato & Stefanon 2008; Castelli et al. 2008.

Syllis westheidei San Martín, 1984

DISTRIBUTION: NA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Giangrande et al. 2003, 2004; Musco et al. 2004; Castelli et al. 2008; Mikac & Musco 2010.

NEW RECORDS: BM11.