Rivasia fumariae Askew & Nieves-Aldrey, 2005

Gómez, Jose F. & Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis, 2012, Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe, Zootaxa 3189, pp. 39-55 : 53

Rivasia fumariae Askew & Nieves-Aldrey, 2005

Measurements. Body length: 1.5–1.8 (1.7) mm, maximum width: 0.7–0.9 (0.8) mm (n=4) ex gall Neaylax versicolor (Nieves-Aldrey) .

Description. Single row of very short setae visible on thoracic segments ( Figs 4 G, 6G); body strongly curved ventrally ( Fig. 5 G).

Head (anterior view) ( Fig. 6 G). Trapezoid with the vertex strongly incised medially; antennal area bulging and conspicuous.

Mouth parts ( Fig. 7 G). Ventral margin of clypeus straight; labrum subrectangular, 4.5× wider than long.

Mandibles ( Fig. 8 E). Tooth relatively short and wide and slightly recurved from its base; angle separating inner side of tooth and base of mandible nearly 90º with outer margin relatively convex.

Biology. Askew & Nieves-Aldrey (2005) provided a detailed description of the terminal larva of R. fumariae . The species has been recently described and a new genus was created to include it. The species is strictly associated with galls on fruits of Fumaria spp . ( Papaveraceae ) induced by N. versicolor ( Fig. 9 G). It is a monophagous primary ectoparasitoid and has so far been recorded in only a few localities in Spain ( Askew & Nieves-Aldrey 2005; Askew et al. 2006; Gómez et al. 2006).

Material examined. ex gall N. versicolor on Fumaria sp., Spain, Almería: San José (n=2); Madrid: Rivas- Vaciamadrid (n=1); Tarragona: Marçá (n=1).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Ventral view of terminal instar pteromalid larvae (A = agamic generation; S = sexual generation for host). A. Arthrolytus glandium ex Callirhytis rufescens (A). B. Cecidostiba fungosa ex Andricus quercusradicis (S). C. Cecidostiba geganius ex Andricus quercusradicis (A). – D. Pteromalus bedeguaris ex Diplolepis rosae. E. Pteromalus hieracii ex Aulacidea follioti. F. Pteromalus isarchus ex Xestophanes potentillae. G. Rivasia fumariae ex Neaylax versicolor. H. Stinoplus lapsanae ex Timaspis lapsanae.

FIGURE 5. Lateral view of terminal instar pteromalid larvae (A = agamic generation; S = sexual generation for host). A. Arthrolytus glandium ex Callirhytis rufescens (A). B. Cecidostiba fungosa ex Andricus quercusradicis (S). C. Cecidostiba geganius ex Andricus quercusradicis (A). D. Pteromalus bedeguaris ex Diplolepis rosae. E. Pteromalus hieracii ex Aulacidea follioti. F. Pteromalus isarchus ex Xestophanes potentillae. G. Rivasia fumariae ex Neaylax versicolor. H. Stinoplus lapsanae ex Timaspis lapsanae.

FIGURE 6. Anterior view of the head of terminal instar pteromalid larvae (A = agamic generation; S = sexual generation for host). A. Arthrolytus glandium ex Callirhytis rufescens (A). B. Cecidostiba fungosa ex Andricus quercusradicis (S). C. Cecidostiba geganius ex Andricus quercusradicis (A). D. Pteromalus bedeguaris ex Diplolepis rosae. E. Pteromalus hieracii ex Aulacidea follioti. F. Pteromalus isarchus ex Xestophanes potentillae. G. Rivasia fumariae ex Neaylax versicolor. H. Stinoplus lapsanae ex Timaspis lapsanae.

FIGURE 7. Anterior view of mouthparts of terminal instar pteromalid larvae (A = agamic generation; S = sexual generation for host). A. Arthrolytus glandium ex Callirhytis rufescens (A). B. Cecidostiba fungosa ex Andricus quercusradicis (S). C. Cecidostiba geganius ex Andricus quercusradicis (A). D. Pteromalus bedeguaris ex Diplolepis rosae. E. Pteromalus hieracii ex Aulacidea follioti. F. Pteromalus isarchus ex Xestophanes potentillae. G. Rivasia fumariae ex Neaylax versicolor. H. Stinoplus lapsanae ex Timaspis lapsanae.

FIGURE 8. Anterior view of left mandible of terminal-instar pteromalid larvae (A = agamic generation for host). A. Arthrolytus glandium ex Callirhytis rufescens (A). B. Cecidostiba geganius ex Andricus quercusradicis (A). C. Pteromalus bedeguaris ex Diplolepis rosae; and anterior view of the left mandible. D. Stinoplus lapsanae ex Timaspis lapsanae. E. Rivasia fumariae ex Neaylax versicolor.

FIGURE 9. A. Larval cell of of Callirhytis rufescens (Agamic generation) with terminal-instar larvae of Arthrolytus glandium. B. Galls of Aulacidea hieracii on Hieracium spp. C. Galls of Xestophanes potentillae on runners of Potentilla reptans. D. Old galls of Callirhytis glandium (Agamic generation). E. Lateral habitus of Cecidostiba fungosa, adult female. F. Galls of Andricus quercusradicis (Agamic generation) on Quercus pyrenaica. G. Cross-section of unilocular gall of Neaylax versicolor showing fully-grown larva of Rivasia fumariae. H. Fresh galls of Diplolepis rosae on Rosa spp. shrub. I. Lateral habitus of Pteromalus bedeguaris, adult female. J. Galls of Timaspis lapsanae on Lapsana communis. K. Terminal instar larva of Stinoplus lapsanae ex gall of Timaspis lapsanae.