APHODIINAE, Arrow, 1909

Peck, Stewart B., Thomas, Michael C. & Robert H. Turnbow, Jr., 2014, The diversity and distributions of the beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guadeloupe Archipelago (Grande-Terre, Basse-Terre, La Désirade, Marie-Galante, Les Saintes, and Petite-Terre), Lesser Antilles, Insecta Mundi 2014 (352), pp. 1-156 : 39-43

SUBFAMILY APHODIINAE

TRIBE APHODIINI

Labarrus lividus (Olivier) 1789: 86 ( Scarabaeus ); Arrow 1903 502 ( Aphodius ); Chapin 1940a: 6; Paulian 1947a: 36 ( Nialus ); Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 794; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 7; Chalumeau 1983a: 57 ( Aphodius ( Nialus )); Valentine and Ivie 2005: 276; Gordon and Skelley 2007: 262, generic synonymy; Skelley et al. 2007: 5. Distribution. Cuba, La Désirade, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guana, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Les Saintes, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Croix; perhaps on practically all West Indian islands. Nearly cosmopolitan; probably from USA to Mexico to Argentina; native to the Old World and introduced to the New World; introduced to Lesser Antilles. Notes. This species has commonly been confused with Labarrus pseudolividus and the island records listed above (mostly from Chapin 1940a: 6) need confirmation ( Gordon and Skelley 2007: 263). Common in cow dung and other excrement.

Nialaphodius nigrita (Fabricius) 1801: 73 ( Aphodius ); Gordon and Skelley 2007: 265; Ivie et al. 2008b: 244 ( Aphodius ). = Aphodius cuniculus Chevrolat 1864: 411 , Chapin 1940a: 7; Ramos 1946: 41; Wolcott 1950: 248 of Puerto Rico, of Mona, of Vieques; synonymy in Bordat 1990: 62; Paulian 1947a: 37 ( Nialus ); Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 795; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 8; Bennett and Alam 1985: 22; Woodruff et al. 1998: 32; Chalumeau 1983a: 58 (all as Aphodius ( Nialus )); Valentine and Ivie 2005: 276; Skelley et al. 2007, generic synonymy; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 49. = Aphodius granarius variety guadeloupensis Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 395 . Distribution. Antigua, Barbados, Carriacou, Cuba, La Désirade, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guana, Hispaniola, Les Saintes, Jamaica, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Mona, Montserrat, Mustique, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. John, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Thomas, St. Vincent, Tortola, Vieques. Widespread southern USA, Mexico to widespread South America , Tobago; introduced to Lesser Antilles. Introduced to New World from Afro-tropical region; worldwide in tropics and subtropics. Notes. Common in cow dung.

TRIBE EUPARIINI

The principle of following the “last reviser” is the basis of the use of the taxonomic opinions of Stebnicka (especially 2007b, 2009) as used below but issues and disagreement remain and are noted, following the extensive and detailed study of this tribe by F. Chalumeau.

Ataeniopsis armasi (Chalumeau) 1982a: 321 ( Ataenius ); Stebnicka 2003b: 109. = Ataeniopsis haroldi (Steinheil) 1872: 556 ( Ataenius ) of Guadeloupe, Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 802 (misidentification); Chalumeau 1983a: 69 ( Ataenius ); Stebnicka 2003b: 104, 2009: 54. Distribution. Guadeloupe, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico; widespread Antilles endemic. Notes. Chalumeau (in lit., Nov. 2012) thinks the record of Guadeloupe of A. haroldi (Steinheil) is valid and that A. armasi is not of Guadeloupe ( Chalumeau 1983a: 69) but is restricted to the Greater Antilles. The distributions of both species still need clarification.

Ataenius aequalis Harold 1880: 40 ; Stebnicka 2005: 103; Stebnicka 2007b: 44. = Ataenius insulicola Chapin 1940a: 28 of St. Vincent (type locality). Distribution. Guadeloupe, St. Vincent. USA (LA), Mexico to Trinidad to Argentina; widespread New World. Notes. Both names are good species and neither are of Guadeloupe (Chalumeau, in lit., Nov. 2012).

Ataenius beattyi Chapin 1940a: 17 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 213; Ramos 1946: 41; Bennett and Alam 1985: 22; Valentine and Ivie 2005: 276; Stebnicka 2006: 107, 2007b: 57. = Ataenius cameneni Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 801 ; Chalumeau 1983a: 67; Ivie et al. 2008b: 244. Distribution. Barbados, Cayman Islands, La Désirade, Guadeloupe, Guana, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mona, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Thomas; widespread Antilles endemic. Notes. In fowl dung on Barbados. Chalumeau (pers. comm., December 2010) does not agree with Stebnicka’s placement of A. cameneni as a junior synonym, but views it as a distinct species

Ataenius brevicollis (Wollaston) 1854: 229 ( Oxyomus ); Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 807; Chalumeau 1978: 42, 1983a: 77; Stebnicka 2007a: 58, 2007b: 63; Ivie et al. 2008b: 244; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 48. = Ataenius sulcatulus Chevrolat 1864: 413 of Cuba, reported in Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 397 and Paulian 1947a: 42 from Guadeloupe. = Ataenius lherminieri Paulian 1947a: 43 of Guadeloupe; Chalumeau 1983a: 77. Distribution. Bahamas, Cuba, La Désirade, Guadeloupe, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Les Saintes, Martinique, Montserrat. USA (FL, MS, TX); widespread Antilles and North and/or Central America . Introduced to Madeira, Canary Islands, Portugal; anthropophilic. Notes. The synonomy of A. lherminieri is in question, and the species has not been seen since the type collection ( Chalumeau 1983a: 78).

Ataenius carinator Harold 1874: 20 ; Stebnicka 2007b: 76; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 48. = Ataenius vincentiae Arrow 1903: 513 ; Chapin 1940a: 19; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 801; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 11; Chalumeau 1983a: 65; Ivie et al. 2008b: 244; Schiller 2004: 42. Distribution. Bahamas, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Hispaniola, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent. USA (FL), Mexico to Costa Rica, Venezuela to Bolivia, Brazil, Peru; widespread New World. Notes. Adults attracted to lights; found in cow dung. Chalumeau (in lit., Nov. 2012) does not agree with Stebnicka’s placement of A. vincentiae as a junior synonym, but views it as a distinct species.

Ataenius cartwrighti Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 813 ; Chalumeau 1983a: 86; Stebnicka and Lago 2005: 66; Stebnicka 2007b: 39. Distribution. Guadeloupe; single island endemic.

Ataenius gracilis (Melsheimer) 1845: 137 ( Oxyomus ); Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 397; Chapin 1940a: 25; Paulian 1947a: 44; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 806; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 12; Chalumeau 1978: 44, 1983a: 74; Bennett and Alam 1985: 22; Woodruff et al. 1998: 33; Stebnicka 2007b: 79; Ivie et al. 2008b: 244; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 48. = Ataenius chilensis Solier 1851: 72 of Barbados in Woodruff et al. 1998: 33. Distribution. Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Kitts, St. Vincent, Vieques. United States, Canada; throughout the Neotropics (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Galapagos Islands); widespread New World. Notes. Adults attracted to lights; found in cow dung.

Ataenius hygrophilus Paulian 1947a: 39 ; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 809; Chalumeau 1983a: 79; Stebnicka 2007a: 57, 2007b: 62. Distribution. Guadeloupe; single island endemic. Notes. The species has not been found again ( Chalumeau 1983a: 80).

Ataenius imbricatus (Melsheimer) 1845: 136 ; Stebnicka 2003a: 225, 2007b: 27; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 48. Distribution. Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, Guadeloupe, Barbados. Mexico , Central America , Colombia to Trinidad to Brazil and Argentina; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. In cattle dung; mostly collected at lights. Chalumeau (in lit., Nov. 2012) does not accept that the species is of Guadeloupe so the record would then be a misidentification.

Ataenius insulae Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 805 ; Chaulmeau 1983: 72; Stebnicka 2002: 275, 2007b: 24. Distribution. Guadeloupe; single island endemic.

Ataenius liogaster Bates 1887: 94 ; Chapin 1940a: 29; Paulian 1947a: 44; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 813; Stebnicka and Lago 2005: 60 (synonymy); Stebnicka 2007b: 36; Ivie et al. 2008b: 244. = Ataenius edwardsi Chapin 1940a: 26 ; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 14; Chalumeau 1983a: 82, 174; Bennett and Alam 1985: 22; Woodruff et al. 1998: 33. Stebnicka and Lago 2005: 60. Distribution. Antigua, Barbados, Carriacou, Cuba, Dominica (overlooked in Stebnicka and Lago 2005: 61), Grenada, Guadeloupe, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Lucia, St. Vincent. Mexico to Panama, Ecuador (including Galapagos), Trinidad, Venezuela; Micronesia; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Adults attracted to lights; found in cow dung.

Ataenius luteomargo Chapin 1940a: 36 ; Paulian 1947a: 41; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 811; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 12; Chalumeau 1983a: 84; Bennett and Alam 1985: 22; Woodruff et al. 1998: 33; Stebnicka 2002: 270, 2007b: 22. = Ataenius terminalis Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 396 ; Arrow 1903: 512 (not Chevrolat). = Ataenius versicolor Hinton 1937: 183 (not Schmidt) of Barbados. Distribution. Antigua, Barbados, La Désirade, Dominica (type locality), Grenada, Guadeloupe, Hispaniola, Les Saintes, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts, St. Lucia; not Jamaica. Panama, Surinam, Venezuela; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Adults attracted to lights, found in cow dung.

Ataenius morator Harold 1869: 103 , Stebnicka 2003a: 243, 2007b: 32. = Ataenius picipes Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 397 , Paulian 1947a: 43; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 804, Cartwright and Chalulmeau 1978: 13, Chalumeau 1978: 44, 1983: 71, 1992: 200 (synonymy). = Ataenius tenebrosus Arrow 1903: 512 ; Chapin 1940a: 23; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 804 (as synonym of A. picipes ). Distribution. Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Hispaniola, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, Vieques. Trinidad, Venezuela south to Argentina; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. In rotting materials, especially dung; frequent in light traps.

[ Ataenius platensis (Blanchard) 1837 -1846: 185 ( Oxyomus ); Stebnicka 2005: 124, 2007b: 50; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 48. Distribution. Bahamas, Mexico to Venezuela to Chile and Argentina; widespread Antilles (but not Lesser Antilles). Not Guadeloupe, not Martinique (records of Hinton 1937: 177 questioned by Chalumeau 1983a: 215).]

Ataenius picinus Harold 1867: 281 ; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 810; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 14; Chalumeau 1978: 44, 1983a: 80; Stebnicka 2004: 224, 2007b: 42. = Ataenius elongatus Beauvois 1811: 104 , Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 397 of Guadeloupe. = Ataenius darlingtoni Hinton 1937: 179 ; Chapin 1940a: 30; Ramos 1946: 41; Paulian 1947a: 40. Distribution. Antigua, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Mona, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Vincent. widespread New World; nearly cosmopolitan; United States, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay; Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, New Zealand. The most widely distributed species in the genus, and undoubtedly on all islands of the Lesser Antilles. Notes. Adults attracted to lights; found in cow dung.

Ataenius scabrellus Schmidt 1909: 118 ; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 807; Stebnicka 2003: 227, 2007b: 27; Ivie et al. 2008b: 244; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 48. = Ataenius havanensis Balthasar 1938: 56 ; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 807; Chalumeau 1983a: 75. = Ataenius miamii Chapin 1940a: 41 ; Ramos 1946: 41; Bennett and Alam 1985: 22; Tucker 1952: 342 of Barbados; Miskimen and Bond 1970: 97 of St. Croix; a valid species and it is not known from the Lesser Antilles ( Stebnicka 2007b: 27). = Ataenius fleutiauxi Paulian 1947a: 42 of Guadeloupe. Distribution. Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Bahamas, La Désirade, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Les Saintes, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mona, Montserrat, St. Croix, St. Kitts. USA (FL); Venezuela, Guyana; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Fortuné Chalumeau (in lit., Nov. 2012) indicates that Stebnicka’s placement of Ataenius havanensis as a synonym is wrong and that it is a valid species as is A. miamii but they arenot of Guadeloupe.

Ataenius scutellaris Harold 1867: 82 ; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 803; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 14; Chalumeau 1978: 44, 1983a: 69; Bennett and Alam 1985: 22; Valentine and Ivie 2005: 276; Stebnicka 2007a: 48, 2007b: 59; Ivie et al. 2008b: 244. = Ataenius frater Arrow 1903: 512 of St. Vincent; Chapin 1940a: 32; Woodruff et al. 1998: 33. = A. elongatus Beauvois 1811: 104 ; Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 397 of Guadeloupe, misidentification. Distribution. Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guana, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Thomas, St. Vincent, Tortola. Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil, Trinidad; widespread Antilles and Latin America ; introduced to Vanuatu (New Hebrides), Seychelles, Mascarenes, Malaya. Notes. Adults attracted to lights; found in cow dung.

Ataenius strigicaudus Bates 1887: 96 ; Chapin 1940a: 32; Paulian 1947a: 40; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 810; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 13; Chalumeau 1983a: 81; Bennett and Alam 1985: 22; Woodruff et al. 1998: 33; Stebnicka 2004: 214, 2007b: 40. Distribution. Bahamas, Barbados, Bequia, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Lucia, St. Thomas, St. Vincent. Mexico to Trinidad, Chile and Argentina; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Adults attracted to lights; found in cow dung.

Ataenius temperei Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 799 ; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 12; Chalumeau 1983a: 64; Stebnicka 2007b: 69; Ivie et al. 2008b: 244. Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe (type locality), Montserrat, St. Kitts; Lesser Antilles endemic. Notes. Adults attracted to lights; not found on cow dung.

Euparia baraudi Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 796 ; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 10; Chalumeau 1983a: 59; Chalumeau and Howden 1984: 88; Stebnicka 2009: 14. Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe (type locality). The records of Grenada and of Trinidad are not verified in Stebnicka 2009: 14. Lesser Antilles endemic. Notes. Caught at lights, possible myrmecophile.

Iguazua blackwelderi (Chapin) 1940a: 11 ( Saprosites ); Ivie et al. 2008b: 244; Stebnicka 2009: 51. Distribution. Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Lucia, Puerto Rico. Guyana; Lesser Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Collected in decayed wood, rotten logs, and under bark of dead trees.

Saprosites dufaui Paulian 1947a: 46 ; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 815; Chalumeau 1983a: 88; Marquet and Roguet 2003: 12; Stebnicka 2009: 46. Distribution. Guadeloupe, Martinique; Lesser Antilles endemic. Notes. Found under bark at 600 m. The Martinique record needs confirmation. Saprosites species live under the bark of dead branches and are rarely collected. More material is needed for a revision of the West Indian fauna.

Saprosites exaratus (Fleutiaux and Sallé) 1890: 397 ( Ataenius ); Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 815; Chalumeau 1983a: 89; Stebnicka 2009: 46. Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique; Lesser Antilles endemic. Notes. Chalumeau (in lit., Nov. 2012) does not accept the synonomy of S. wirthi Cartwright and Chalumean in Chalumeau 1977: 72 of Dominica into this species.

TRIBE PSAMMODIINI

Platytomus parvulus (Chevrolat) 1864: 415 ( Psammodius ); Paulian 1947a: 47; Chapin 1940a: 8; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 815; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 15; Chalumeau 1983a: 91 ( Diastictus ); Woodruff et al. 1998: 34; Marquet and Roguet 2003: 12. Distribution. Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, St. Croix, St. Vincent. Colombia, Trinidad; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. A humus feeder in soil, flying at dusk and attracted to lights.

Psammodius cameneni Chalumeau 1976: 128 ; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 15; Chalumeau 1983a: 92. Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico; widespread Antilles endemic. Notes. Adults attracted to lights.

Psammodius viti Chalumeau 1983c: 83 . Distribution. Les Saintes; single island endemic. Notes. Sometimes common in sand and under debris of beach of Grande Anse after heavy rain.

TRIBE RHYPARIINI

Rhyparus spilmani Cartwright and Chalumeau in Chalumeau 1977: 76; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 8; Chalumeau 1983a: 93. Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe; Lesser Antilles endemic. Notes. Collected at light traps and by sifting plant debris.