Pediobius pyrgo ( Walker, 1839 )

Cao, Huan-Xi, Salle, John La & Zhu, Chao-Dong, 2017, Chinese species of Pediobius Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Zootaxa 4240 (1), pp. 1-71 : 43-46

21. Pediobius pyrgo ( Walker, 1839)

( Fig. 20 )

Entedon pyrgo Walker, 1839: 118 –119; ♀♂. Syntypes ♀♂, BMNH, not examined.

Eulophus pyralidum Audouin, 1842: 187 –188; ♀³. Lectotype ♀, HDOU, not examined; designated by Graham, 1995: 173. Synonymized by Graham, 1995: 173.

Elachestus complaniusculus Ratzeburg, 1852: 218 ; ♀♂. Syntypes ♂, NHMV, not examined. Synonymized by Bouček, 1965a: 45.

Pleurotropis (Rhopalotus) substrigosa Thomson, 1878: 256 –257; ♀. Lectotype ♀, LUZN, not examined; designated by Hansson, 1991:35. Synonymized by Bouček, 1965a: 45.

Derostenus nawai Ashmead, 1904c: 160 –161; ♀♂. Lectotype ♂, USNM, not examined; designated by Burks, 1966: 39. Synonymized by Bouček, 1965a: 45.

Pleurotropis nawai (Ashmead, 1904) , Crawford, 1910: 22.

Rhopalotus chalcidiphagus Szelényi, 1957: 308 -310; ♀♂. Lectotype ♀, HNHM, not examined; designated by Thuróczy, 1992: 156. Synonymized by Bouček, 1965a: 45.

Pediobius pyrgo ( Walker, 1839) , Graham, 1959: 189.

Pediobius nawai (Ashmead, 1904) , Peck, 1963: 228.

Pediobius illiberidis Liao, in Liao et al. 1987: 111 ; ♀³. Holotype ♀, IZCAS, examined. Syn. n.

Diagnosis. Scutellum longitudinally striate, but sculpture weak and evanescent medially, and sometimes almost smooth and forming a very narrow smooth median band ( Figs 20 a–b). Metatibial spur fuscous apically, hardly or slightly exceeding the apex of basal tarsomere ( Fig. 20 k).

Material examined. CHINA, Beijing: 5♀ 1♂, Badachu , 19.V.1955, coll. Dai-Xiang Zhang ; 4♀, Badaling , IX.1974, coll. Bao-Lin Zhang, ex. Sphingidae sp. ; 1♀ 1♂, Beijing, VI.1976, coll. Gai-Xin Ren, ex. the larvae of Yponomeuta polystinellus Felder ; 1♂, Beijing, coll. Ding-Xi Liao ; 1♂, Beijing, coll. Da-Wei Huang ; 3♀, Beijing, ex. Braconidae sp. ; 1♀, Beijing, 1951, ex. Smerinthus planus Walker ; 3♀, Beijing, 21.VIII.1962, coll. Ding-Xi Liao, ex. Tortricidae sp. ; 1♀, Beijing, 05.VI.1984, ex. Illiberis pruni Dyar ; 7♀ 3♂, Beijing, XII.1989, coll. Da-Wei Huang, ex. Yponomeutidae sp. ; 1♀, Beijing Water Conservancy School, 15.X.1956, coll. Ding-Xi Liao ; 1♀, Beijing, 05.VI.1984, coll. Da-Wei Huang ; 3♂, Chaoyang, Chaoyang Agricultural School , VIII.1980, coll. Xue-Jun Li ; 8♀, Daxing, 1963, coll. Zong-You Xu; 1♀, Yingtaogou , 09.VI.1984, coll. Da-Wei Huang ; 1♀, Yanqing , 04.VI.1990, coll. Da-Wei Huang ; 2♀, Yanqing, the Longqing Gorge , 03.VII.1990, coll. Da-Wei Huang ; 1♀, Xiangshan , 18.V.1984, coll. Da-Wei Huang ; Fujian: 3♀, Fuzhou , V.1983, coll. Ming-Shun Chen ; 1♀, Fuzhou , 25.IV.1991, coll. Ju-Xian Lou ; 2♀ 2♂, Fuzhou, Fujian Institute of Plant Protection, coll. Yuan-Hong Chen, ex. the larvae of Gelechiidae sp. ; 1♂, Fujian peninsula, 04.VII.1983, coll. Yu-Qing Tang ; 1♀, Huanggang Mountains , 22.VI.1980, coll. Xiu-Fu Zhao ; 1♂, Nanping, Zhaowu , 13.V.1984, coll. Xiu-Fu Zhao ; 2♀, Sanming, Taijiang , 18.IX.1982, coll. Yu-Qing Tang ; Gansu: 1♀, Wuwei , VI.1973, coll. Ding-Xi Liao ; Guangxi: 2♀, Napo, Napo Park , 02.IV.1998, coll. Chao-Dong Zhu ; 1♀, Napo, Napo Park , IV.1998, coll. Chao-Dong Zhu ; 1♀ 2♂, Daxin , 29.III.1998, coll. Chao-Dong Zhu ; 1♀ 1♂, Shangsi, Nanping Yao, Changlong , 01.VI.2000, coll. Yan-Zhou Zhang ; Heilongjiang: 5♀ 6♂, HaErbin, Shuangcheng , 21.VII.1962, coll. Tai-Lu Chen, ex. Illiberis pruni Dyar ; 3♀, Jixi, Hulin , 11.VII.1962, coll. Ding-Xi Liao ; 7♀ 1♂, Mudanjiang , 13.VII.1962, coll. Tai-Lu Chen, ex. the larvae of Illiberis pruni Dyar ; 5♀, Mudanjiang, Linhai, Linhai Forest Bureau , VIII.1975, coll. Gui-You Zhang, ex. the eggs of Dendrolimus sp.; Hunan : 1♀ 1♂, Changsha , V.1980, coll. Xin-Wang Tong, ex. Apanteles sp. on Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. ; 1♀1♂, Yueyang, coll. Can Xu; Inner Mongolia: 8♀ 4♂, Baotou , 27.IV.1987, coll. Zhong- Ren Liu, ex. Pteromalidae sp. ; 1♀, Baotou, Huanghe Forest , 01.VII.1979, coll. Qiang-Hua Shao, ex. Illiberis pruni Dyar ; 1♀, Hulunbeier , E-Lunchun, A-Lihe, 13.III.1981, coll. Ding-Xi Liao ; Jilin: 4♀ 3♂, Changchun, Changchun Insititute of Forest , VII.1980, coll. Yu-Ying Qiu ; 1♀, Gongzhuling , 30.VI.1956, coll. Tai-Lu Chen ; 1♀, Jilin, Songhua Lake , 11.VIII.1990, coll. Da-Wei Huang ; 1♀, Siping , VI.1 989, coll. Gui-You Zhang, ex. Yponomeutidae sp. ; 4♀ 1♂, Siping, Tiedong, Shanmen , 15-23.VI.1997, ex. Geometridae sp. ; 1♀ 2♂, Siping, Tiedong, Shanmen , 09- 31.V.1998, ex. Coccoids ; 1♀, Siping, Tiexi , 02-13.VI.1998, ex. Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda ; 5♀, Siping, Tiexi , 15.V.1998 - 10.VI.1998, ex. Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda ; 2♀ 1♂, Siping, Tiexi, Pingxi , 16-23.VI.1997, ex. the pupae of Apanteles sp. ; 1♀, Yanbian , 21.VI.1962, coll. Tai-Lu Chen ; Jiangsu: 14♀ 6♂, Huaiyin , VIII.1990, coll. Kui-Jie Zhao, ex. Illiberus tenuis Butler ; Jiangxi: 2♀, Nanchang, Meiling , 25.VI.1980, coll. Jin-Kun Sheng, ex. Amata sp. ; 4♀ 5♂, Nanchang, Meiling , 02-08.X.1990, coll. Guang-Pu Zhao, ex. the pupae of Apanteles sp. attacking Smerinthus planus Walker ; 6♀ 4♂, Nanchang, Meiling , 20.V.1991, ex. the pupae of Apanteles sp. attacking Smerinthus planus Walker ; 2♂, Nanchang , 20.III.1984, ex. Homona coffearia Meyrick ; 1♀, Nanchang, Meiling, Dexing , 29.VIII.1984, coll. Guang-Pu Sheng, ex. Heliodinidae sp. ; Liaoning: 3♂, Zhaomeng Institute of Agriculture , 12.VIII.1978, coll. Yu-Zhi Niu ; 1♂, Zhaomeng, Beiwazi , 11.VIII.1978, ex. Malacosoma sp. ; Ningxia: 1♀ 1♂, Yinchuan , 03.V.1964, ex. Aporia crataegi (L.) ; Qinghai: 5♀ 6♂, Haixi, Dulan, Xiangride , 10.VI.1997, coll. Chao-Dong Zhu ; Shandong: 1♀, Heze, Dongming, Forest Administration of Dongming, coll. Pei-Bo Sun, ex. Tortricidae sp. ; 1♀ 4♂, Jinan, Shanghe , 10.V.1999, coll. Jia-He Yan, ex. moth larvae ; 2♀ 1♂, Linyi, Jvnan , 28.X.1992, coll. Yan-Cai Dong, ex. Lymantridae sp. ; Shaanxi: 3♀, Baoji, Feng , 22.VIII.1973, coll. Yi-Zhi Sun ; 2♀ 3♂, Baoji, Mei, An orchard near the Shaanxi Pomology Institute, 20.VIII.1973, coll. Ding-Xi Liao ; 1♀, Yan- An, Huangling , 04.VI.1963, coll. Jin-Long Mao ; 1♀, Shaanxi, VIII.1994, coll. Yao Zhou ; 1♂, Xianyang, Wugong , 20.X.1979, coll. Yi-Zhi Sun ; 2♀ 2♂, Xianyang, Wugong , 22.V.1982, coll. Yi-Zhi Sun ; Shanxi: 1♀, Jinzhong, Taigu, 1955, coll. Qing-He Zhao ; 3♀ 1♂, Jinzhong, Taigu , V.1994, coll. Dong-Mei Li ; 1♀, Jinzhong, Taigu, Shanxi Pomology Institute ; 2♀ 1♂, Taiyuan , 25.V.1991, coll. Hui-Di Zhang, ex. leafmining moth ; 15♀ 8♂, Taiyuan , 19.VI.1990, coll. Da-Wei Huang, ex. the pupae of Yponomeuta polystinellus Felder ; 4♀, Taiyuan , 11.VI.1990, coll. Da-Wei Huang ; Shanghai: 1♂, Agricultural College , 05.IX.1980, coll. Ji-Long Fu, ex. the pupae of Pteromalus puparum L. ; 2♀ 1♂, Shanghai Agricultural College, 23.XI.1980, coll. Ji-Long Fu, ex. the pupae of Pteromalus puparum L. ; Sichuan: 1♀ 1♂, Caijing , 23.IX.1980, ex. the pupae of Adoxophyes orana Fischer & Roslerstamm ; Xinjiang: 1♀, A-Letai, Beitun Forest , VI.1979, coll. Jun-Wen Huang, ex. the larva of Gelechia pinguinella Trietschke ; Yunnan: 1♀, Honghe, Gejiu, 1985, coll. Guo-Xiu Li ; 1♀, Kunming, 1980; 3♀, Kunming, Jindian , 18.X.1975, coll. Jing-Liang Qi, ex. the pupae of Dioryctria rubella Hampson ; 1♂, Lijiang, Yushu , 23.VII.1984, coll. Chang-Fang Li ; Zhejiang: 1♀, Taizhou, Linhai, 1993, coll. Zhi-Wen Yang, ex. Tortricidae sp. ; 1♀ 1♂, Taizhou, Linhai, ex. Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton. Type specimens of P. iliberidis : Lectotype ♀, CHINA, Shaanxi, Baoji , Sunligou , 11.VI.1973, ex. Illiberis pruni Dyar ; paratype 1♂, same data as the lectotype. Determined specimens compared ( ANIC) : 2♂, TURKEY: Tosya, 1975, coll. R. Samlidere, det. Bouček.

Biology. Pediobius pyrgo has been recorded as both a primary and a secondary parasitoid with a very wide host range. In China, this species was mainly recorded as a primary parasitoid of larvae or pupae of moths ( Lepidoptera ), including the records known so far as follows: Amata sp. ( Ctenuchidae ); Gelechia pinguinella Trietschke and Gelechiidae sp. ( Gelechiidae ); Geometridae sp. ( Geometridae ); Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Gracilariidae) ; Heliodinidae sp. ( Heliodinidae ); Dendrolimus spp. and Malacosoma spp. ( Lasiocampidae ); Lymantridae sp. ( Lymantridae ); Aporia crataegi (L.). ( Pieridae ); Smerinthus planus Walker and Sphingidae sp. ( Sphingidae ); Adoxophyes orana Fischer & Roslerstamm , Homona coffearia Meyrick and Tortricidae spp ( Tortricidae ); Yponomeuta polystinellus Felder. (Yponomeutidae) ; Illiberis tenuis Butler and Illiberis pruni Dyar (Zygaenidae) . Six females were recorded from Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda ( Hemiptera : Coccidae ), which requires further confrimation. Additionally, under the name of P. illiberidis , P. pyrgo has been recorded from Acrocercops astaurota Meyrick ( Lepidoptera : Gracilariidae ) and Leucoptera scitella L. ( Lepidoptera : Lyonetidae), and also recorded from Clostera anachoreta ( Liao et al. 1987) . Besides, it has been recorded as a secondary parasitoid from Pteromalus puparum L. ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ), Pteromalidae sp. ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) and Apanteles spp. ( Hymenoptera : Braconidae ) in China.

Distribution in China. Widely distributed in China: Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Shanghai, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

Remarks. Pediobius pyrgo has a very wide distribution in China. Like P. bruchicida , it also shows intraspecific variation in the relative width of smooth median band of scutellum. Besides, there are also variations on mesoscutum having reticulations broad or small, and scutellum having striations dense or coarse. Hansson (2002) stated that P. pyrgo has scutellum entirely reticulate. Although scutellum seems entirely striate for some specimens examined here, the median band of scutellum has reticulations very weak and even evanescent, which resembles a narrow smooth median band. Compared with female, male has reticulations more distinct medially.

Liao et al. (1987) stated that P. illiberidis was very similar to P. pyrgo , from which it mainly differs in the following: toruli inserted at the level of lower eyes margin; F1 slightly longer than broad, F2 and F3 transverse; space between submedian carinae of propodeum broad; the basal two tarsomeres of hind leg white. However, all characters above are also fitted to P. pyrgo , which cannot be used to separate them. In addition, it seems unreliable for those characters to separate P. pyrgo from P. illiberidis given in the key of Liao et al. (1987) (couplet 2), e. g., the ratio of gaster to mesosoma, and the ratio of length to width of each funicular segment. We do not find significant differences between P. pyrgo and P. illiberidis in these features. Based on our observations of determined specimens of P. pyrgo and type specimens of P. illiberidis , we regard P. illiberidis as a synonym of P. pyrgo .

Hansson (2002) and Taveras & Hansson (2015) stated that P. pyrgo has the posterior margin of dorsellum rounded. However, the specimens available to us have that tridentate. Differences with other members within the pyrgo -group are given in the key. See also remarks under P. bruchicida .

Figures

FIGURE 20. Pediobius pyrgo (Walker, 1839). a – b: female, body in dorsal view; c: female, body in lateral view; d: male, body in dorsal view; e: male, body in lateral view; f: female, fore wing; g: male, antenna; h: female, antenna; i: female, fore leg; j: female, mid leg; k: female, hind leg. Scale bar: a – e, 0.5 mm; f, 0.4 mm; g – h, 0.1 mm; i – k, 0.2 mm.