Calisto, Hubner, 1823

Álvarez, Yosiel & Núñez, Rayner, 2021, A new subspecies of Calisto disjunctus Núñez & Barro (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Satyrinae) from Western Cuba, with a key to the Cuban members of the genus, Zootaxa 4915 (1), pp. 107-118 : 113-115

Key to the adults of Cuban Calisto

Núñez et al. (2012) provided a key for the Cuban species of Calisto , using both morphological and biogeographical data. Since then, eight new species and two subspecies have been described for the Cuban fauna, and so the original key is now obsolete. Thus, we propose an updated key with all known Cuban Calisto taxa, including the subspecies named herein. We illustrate with live specimens all taxa except C. siguanensis Núñez & Barro and the typical subspecies of C. disjunctus ( Fig. 7 ).

1 UN surface colour very dark brown; no red scales on the UNFW cell; triangle of white scales along the inner margin at the UNHW; FW length: 22–26 mm ♁, 25–27 mm ♀; exclusive to Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountains.................................................................................................... Calisto israeli Torre ( Fig. 7I ) .

- UN surface colour not very dark brown; always with red scales on the UNFW cell; no triangle of white scales near the base on the UNHW.......................................................................................... 2.

2 UNHW discal and postdiscal lines nearly straight and edged distally by pale yellowish white scales; FW length: 15.7 mm ♁, 18.5 mm ♀; exclusive to Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountains...... Calisto sharkeyae Núñez, Minno & Fernández ( Fig. 7G ) .

- UNHW discal and postdiscal line waved or curved, never nearly straight, edged or not by yellow scaling.............. 3.

3 UNHW with four white dots external to the postdiscal line................................................... 4.

- UNHW with two or three white dots external to the postdiscal line............................................. 9.

4 UN surface dark rich red brown; UNHW postdiscal line edged by bright yellow scales; red patch on the UPHW tornal lobe; FW length: 19–25 mm ♁ and ♀; exclusive to Sierra Maestra mountains .................. Calisto smintheus Bates ( Fig. 7H ) .

- UN surface not rich red brown; UNHW postdiscal line edged by pale yellow scales; no red spot on the UPHW tornal lobe 5.

5 UN surface dark brown; red scales covering more than half the UNFW cell and forming a patch with a pointed outer edge; UNHW ocellus rounder; FW length: 16–22 mm ♁, 20–22 mm ♀; exclusive to Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountains.................................................................................... Calisto brochei Torre ( Fig. 7M ) .

- UN surface not dark brown; red scales covering less than half the UNFW and forming a patch with a straight outer edge; UNHW ocellus not always rounder...................................................................... 6.

6 UN surface distinctly paler and not heavily suffused with pale yellow scaling; UNHW postdiscal line scarcely edged by yellow scales.............................................................................................. 7.

- UN surface strongly contrasting, heavily suffused with pale yellow scaling; UNHW postdiscal line heavily edged by yellow scales............................................................................................. 8.

7 UN surface lighter; UNFW inner submarginal line twice as wide in the tornal lobe than in apex; UNHW discal line rarely surrounded by very pale yellow scaling; UNHW white dots between M 1 -M 2 and M 2 -M 3 veins larger than the others; FW length: 14–19 mm ♁, 17–21 mm ♀; all throughout Cuba and Isla de la Juventud ............ Calisto herophile Hübner ( Fig. 7A ) .

- UN surface darker; UNFW inner submarginal line less than twice as wide in the tornal lobe than in apex; UNHW discal line surrounded by pale yellow scales; UNHW white dots very small and almost equal in size; FW length: 17.4–19.8 mm ♁, 17.3–18.2 mm ♀; exclusive to Guamuhaya mountains................................... Calisto a. aquilum Núñez ( Fig. 7O ).

8 UNFW inner submarginal line twice as wide in the tornal lobe than in apex; UNHW ocellus more than half width of the UNFW ocellus; UN postdiscal lines more suffused by pale yellow scaling; FW length: 16.5–17.6 mm ♀; exclusive to Viñales moun- tains............................ Calisto aquilum occidentalis Núñez ( Fig. 7P , the image portraits a worn individual) .

- UNFW inner submarginal line less than twice as wide in the tornal lobe than in apex; UNHW ocellus half width of the UNFW ocellus; UN postdiscal lines less suffused by pale yellow scaling; FW length: 16.3–18.1 mm ♁, 18.1–18.8 mm ♀; exclusive to Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa and Sierra Maestra mountains ........................... Calisto dissimulatum Núñez ( Fig. 7N ) .

9 UN surface heavily suffused with gray scales; white dot of the UNHW ocellus always in its inner margin; UNHW white dots present between M 2 -M 3 and M 3 -Cu 1, sometimes dot between M 1 -M 2 also present................................ 10.

- UN surface not heavily suffused with grey scales; white dot of the UNHW ocellus rarely in its inner margin; UNHW white dots present between M 1 -M 2, M 2 -M 3 and M 3 -Cu 1, the latter sometimes absent....................................... 11.

10 UNHW ocellus pear-shaped; FW length: 16–19 mm ♁, 18–21 mm ♀; exclusive to Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountains.............................................................................. Calisto bruneri Michener ( Fig. 7F ) .

- UNHW ocellus rounder, sometimes thinner near the inner white dot but never pear-shaped; FW length: 14.7–15.7 mm ♁, 17.5–17.6 mm ♀; exclusive to Lomas de Galindo. ...................... Calisto gundlachi Núñez & Barro ( Fig. 7E ) .

11 Red scales covering more than half the UNFW cell and forming a patch with a pointed outer edge.................... 12.

- Red scales covering less than half the UNFW cell and forming a patch with a straight or pointed outer edge............ 14.

12 UN surface pale; UNHW postdiscal line heavily edged by pale yellow scaling; FW length: 16.8–17.4 mm ♁, 20.4 mm ♀; exclusive to Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountains....................................... Calisto lastrai Núñez ( Fig. 7J ) .

- UN surface dark; UNHW postdiscal line faintly edged by pale yellow scaling................................... 13.

13 Androconial patch about one half the length of FW; UNHW white dot between M 1 -M 2 larger than the one between M 3 -Cu 1, which can be absent; FW length: 18–22 mm ♁, 20–23 mm ♀; exclusive to Guamuhaya mountains........................................................................................... Calisto muripetens Bates ( Fig. 7K ).

- Androconial patch about two fifths the length of FW; UNHW white dots between M 1 -M 2 and M 3 -M 4 similar in size and very small, sometimes absent; FW length: 17–20 mm ♁, 18–21 mm ♀; exclusive to Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountains.................................................................................... Calisto occulta Núñez ( Fig. 7L ).

14 UN surface dark; UNHW ocellus very large, as large as the UNFW ocellus; FW length: 14.8–16.3 mm ♁, 15.7–17.9 mm ♀; exclusive to Isla de la Juventud ............................................ Calisto siguanensis Ñúñez & Barro .

- UN surface never dark, UNHW ocellus smaller than the UNFW ocellus........................................ 15.

15 UN surface almost without pale yellow scaling surrounding postdiscal lines; black spot on the tornal lobe of UNHW with bluish scales in the front; FW length: 17–20 mm ♁, 20–21 mm ♀; exclusive to Guaniguanico mountains ............................................................................................. Calisto bradleyi Munroe ( Fig. 7C ) .

- UN surface with pale yellow scaling surrounding postdiscal lines; black spot on the tornal lobe of UNHW without bluish scales in the front........................................................................................ 16.

16 UN surface brown; red scales covering half of the UNFW cell; UNHW white dots aligned; FW length: 19.7–23 mm ♁, 21.2– 24.3 mm ♀; exclusive to Guamuhaya mountains ................................... Calisto torrei Núñez ( Fig. 7B ) .

- UN surface pale brown; red scales covering central third of the UNHW cell; UNHW with white dot between M 3 -Cu 1 distinctly displaced to the outer margin ( Calisto disjunctus ).......................................................... 17.

17 UN surface with postdiscal lines surrounded by heavy pale yellow scaling; UNHW white dots between M 1 -M 2 and M 3 -Cu 1 similar in size, the latter slightly displaced to the outer margin; FW length: 16.8–17.9 mm ♁; exclusive to Isla de la Juventud ..................................................................... Calisto d. disjunctus Núñez & Barro.

- UN surface whit postdiscal lines feebly surrounded by pale yellow scaling, specially FW; UNHW white dot between M 3 -Cu 1 smaller than the one between M 1 -M 2 and greatly displaced to the outer margin, sometimes absent; FW length: 16.6–18.2 mm ♁, 18.4–19.5 mm ♀; exclusive to Guaniguanico and Habana-Matanzas mountains.. Calisto disjunctus hersheyi ssp. n ( Fig. 7D ).

Figures

FIGURE 7. Live adults of Cuban species of Calisto. A: C. herophile. B: C. torrei. C: C. bradleyi. D: C. disjunctus hersheyi. E: C. gundlachi. F: C. bruneri. G: C. sharkeyae. H: C. smintheus. I: C. israeli. J: C. lastrai. K: C. muripetens. L: C. occulta. M: C. brochei. N: C. dissimulatum. O: C. a. aquilum. P: C. aquilum occidentalis (worn individual). Photos by: Andy J. Corso (A), Rayner Núñez (B-C, F-I, K-P), Yosiel Álvarez (D-E) and Douglas M. Fernández (J).