Pogonus (Pogonus) chalceus viridanus Dejean, 1828

Muñoz-Santiago, José & Ortuño, Vicente M., 2022, Revision of the tribe Pogonini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from the Ibero-Balearic region, European Journal of Taxonomy 846 (1), pp. 75-109 : 90-92

Pogonus (Pogonus) chalceus viridanus Dejean, 1828

Figs 1F , 3E , 4E

Pogonus (Pogonus) chalceus viridanus Dejean, 1828: 14 .

Diagnoses

Tegument bronze or blue with metallic sheen. Pronotum cordiform; anterior region clearly punctured. Elytra generally wide and sub-oval. Up to 3 setigerous pores in the 3 rd interstria.

Material examined

PORTUGAL • 1 ♂; P. d’Oliveira leg.; Pérez Arcas coll.; MNCN • 4 ♀♀; Algarve, Faro; Paulino leg.; MNCN .

SPAIN • 1 ♂; [ A] Coruña; Bolívar leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; A Coruña, Boiro, Playa Mañons ; 25 Jul. 1992; V.M. Ortuño leg.; VMO • 2 ♂♂; Albacete, Laguna de Pétrola ; 18 Jul. 1989; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Albacete, Laguna del Salobralejo ; 15 May 1999; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♂; Alicante, Calpe ; 30 Dec. 1984; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 21 Dec. 1985; VMO • 1 ♂; Alicante, Elche , El Hondo; 3 May 1986; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 9 Mar. 1991; VMO • 2 ♂♂, 1♀; Alicante, Salinas, Laguna de Salinas ; 14 May 1993; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Mar. 1994; VMO • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Alicante, Salinas de Calpe ; 22 Apr. 1934; C. Bolívar leg.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂; Alicante, Urbanova ; 21 Apr. 1988; V.M. Ortuño leg.; VMO • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Apr. 1988; VMO • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Apr. 2002; VMO • 1 ♀; Alicante, Santa Pola ; 17 Jan. 1983; T.G. Sempere leg.; VMO • 2 ♂♂; Alicante, Salinas de Santa Pola ; 11 Feb. 1980; T.G. Sempere leg.; VMO • 1 ♀; Alicante, Santa Pola , srra. [mountain range]; 6 Mar. 1994; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Dec. 1994; VMO • 1 ♀; Alicante, Guardamar del Segura, Segura River ; 30 Mar. 1996; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Barcelona, Faro de Llobregat ; Oct. 1987; Bolívar leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Cádiz ; 1918; Smith leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Cádiz, Conil de la Frontera, El Palmar ; 29 Aug. 2001; J. Navarro leg.; VMO • 72 specs; Cádiz, Jerez, Laguna de Medina ; 8 May 1982; Ramírez leg.; Ferrer coll.; MNCN • 2 specs; Cádiz, Palmones ; 29 Apr. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Jul. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 4 specs; Cádiz, Tarifa, Punta Paloma ; 6 Jun. 1998; Ferrer coll; MNCN • 2 specs; Cádiz, San Fernando ; 13 Jun. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; 15 Apr. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 1 spec.; Cádiz, San Roque ; 20 Jul 1974; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 1 spec.; Cádiz, Zahara de los Atunes ; 24 Apr. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 4 ♂♂; Ciudad Real; Pozuelo de Calatrava ; MNCN • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Cuenca , Uclés; Pantel leg.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Lauffer leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; no leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; Var. leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; Girona, Aiguamolls del Emporda ; 25 Apr. 1990; V.M. Ortuño leg.; VMO • 1 ♀; Guadalajara, Imón, Salinas de Imón ; 10 Aug. 2021; J. MuñozSantiago, V.M. Ortuño and E. Andrés Gómez leg.; JMS • 1 ♀; Guadalajara, Paredes de Sigüenza ; 8 Mar. 1985; V.M. Ortuño leg.; VMO • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Guadalajara, Santamera ; 10 Aug. 2021; J. Muñoz-Santiago, V.M. Ortuño & E. Andrés Gómez leg.; JMS • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Aug. 2021; J. Muñoz-Santiago leg.; JMS • 1 spec.; Málaga, Sierra de las Nieves ; 22 Jun. 1966; Ferrer coll.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Mallorca ; Mas de Xaxars leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Mallorca , Palma; Lauffer leg.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Moraguer leg.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂; Mallorca, Pollensa ; H.J. Jorda leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; Sevilla ; Marvier leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Soria ; Pérez Arcas coll.; MNCN • 1 spec.; Toledo, Quero ; 12 May 1899; Lauffer leg.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jun. 1909; MNCN • 2 ♂♂, Toledo, Quero, Laguna Grande ; 9 Apr. 1993; V.M. Oruño leg.; VMO • 2 ♂♂; Toledo, Villacañas, Laguna de Peña Hueca ; 9 Apr. 1993; V.M. Ortuño leg.; VMO • 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Toledo, Villacañas ; 24 May 1999; Lauffer leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 20 May 1934; C. Bolívar leg.; MNCN • 9 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; no date; MNCN • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; MNCN • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Madrid, Aranjuez; F. Moróder leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Sanz leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Bolívar leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Lauffer leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; no leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; Madrid, Aranjuez, Laguna de Ontígola ; 1 Jan. 1973; J. Serrano leg.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Apr. 1975; J. Serrano leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; Murcia, Cartagena; Dec. , no year; G. Schramm leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; no date; no leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Valencia, El Puig; 11 Apr. 1987; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Valladolid ; 29 Sep. 1921; Lezcano leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; no date; Chevrolat leg.; Pérez Arcas coll.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂; Bolívar leg.; Pérez Arcas coll.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Zamora, Lagunas de Villafáfila ; 6 Feb. 1987; V.M. Ortuño leg.; VMO • 3 ♂♂; Zaragoza, Laguna de Gallocanta ; 17 Jul 1981; J. Serrano leg.; MNCN .

Description

Habitus ( Fig. 1F ). Length: 5.0–7.0 mm. Antennae testaceous, with the distal half of the antennomere 2 and the base of the rest of antennomeres lighter (sometimes the last antennomeres are entirely lightened). Palps yellow, with the base of the last palpomere darkened.Anterior angles of the pronotum more marked than in other species. Lateral sulcus of the pronotum slightly widened. Legs testaceous, sometimes slightly yellow. Median lobe of the aedeagus arcuate; the internal sac presents a characteristic thornshaped sclerotised piece whose apex is directed to the dorsum, among others ( Fig. 3E ).

Chorology

The species is distributed along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa to the North Sea and the Black Sea ( Magrini & Schembri 1997; Tamadouni & Arahou 2016; Bousquet 2017). The subspecies P. c. viridanus occurs in the Iberian Peninsula and, with P. c. alticola Antoine, 1955, in North Africa ( Bousquet 2017). The populations of the rest of Europe correspond to the subspecies P. c. chalceus (Marsham, 1802) .

Ibero-Balearic distribution ( Fig. 4E ): in the Iberian Peninsula, P. c. viridanus is present at several localities of the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts and in many interior saline lagoons and saltmarshes. The species is known from Los Monegros Desert (NE Spain), with no precise records ( Vives & Vives 1978a). We could examine collection material from unpublished but imprecise localities: Sierra de las Nieves Natural Park (Málaga, SE Spain), Coruña (NW Spain), Soria (NE Spain) and Valladolid (NW Spain). In the Balearic Islands, it is present in Mallorca, Menorca and Ibiza.

Biology

Species that inhabits both coastal and interior regions, as long as it finds the conditions that it requires (see Vives & Vives 1978a), where it is very common ( Andújar et al. 2002). It has been typically considered as a spring/summer-reproductive species, both in the Iberian Peninsula ( Cárdenas et al. 1999) and other Palaearctic regions ( Matalin & Makarov 2008). Following the information provided by some authors, the imagoes are present during all or most of the year, with a peak of activity between March and August ( Sauleda 1985; Andújar et al. 2002). In addition, Ortuño & Marcos (2003) remark the scarcity –not absence– of individuals during the driest months. The phenotypical variability of this species had resulted in the descriptions of several subspecies and ‘forms’ along the geographic regions where it is present ( Carret 1903; Bousquet 2017; see Machado 1992). The dispersal ability of P. chalceus depends on its wing-polymorphism status ( Desender 1989; Desender et al. 1998), with flightless individuals more frequent in Atlantic than in Mediterranean populations ( Desender et al. 2000). This genetic difference could be related, according to Desender et al. (2000), with the stability of the environment: the Atlantic habitats, in general, are subject to fewer alterations than the Mediterranean ones, resulting in a smaller need for colonisation of new territories and, therefore, the existence of a higher proportion of flightless individuals. The genetic features of P. chalceus and their implications in the phenotype were widely studied and discussed by Van Belleghem (2014).

Bibliographic Ibero-Balearic records

Aistleitner & Lencina 2018; Andújar et al. 2001, 2002; Baehr 1986; Campos Gómez & Novoa 2006; Champion 1898; Chapman & Champion 1907; Compte Sart 1968; Desender et al. 2000; Eiroa et al. 1988; Herrera & Arricibita 1990; Jeanne 1968, 1978; López-Pérez et al. 2014; Mateu 1947; Novoa et al. 1998; Ortiz et al. 1989; Ortuño et al. 1997; Ortuño & Marcos 2003; Ortuño & Toribio 1996; Prieto 2018; Prieto Piloña & Valcárcel 1996; Putzeys 1874; Ramos-Abuín 1990; Ruiz-Tapiador & Zaballos 2001; Sauleda 1985; Santos et al. 1985; Serrano 1983; Serrano et al. 1990, 2015, 2021; Viñolas et al. 2019; Vives & Vives 1978a, 1986; Zaballos 1986b.

Figures

Fig. 1. Habitus. A. Sirdenus (Syrdenopsis) grayii (Wollaston, 1862). B. Pogonistes gracilis (Dejean, 1828). C. Pogonistes testaceus testaceus (Dejean, 1828). D–E. Pogonus (Pogonoidius) meridionalis Dejean, 1828. F. Pogonus (Pogonus) chalceus viridanus Dejean, 1828. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 3. Median lobe in left lateral view.A. Sirdenus (Syrdenopsis) grayii(Wollaston, 1862). B. Pogonistes gracilis (Dejean, 1828). C. Pogonistes testaceus testaceus (Dejean, 1828). D. Pogonus (Pogonoidius) meridionalis Dejean, 1828. E. Pogonus (Pogonus) chalceus viridanus Dejean, 1828. F. Pogonus (Pogonus) gilvipes Dejean, 1828. G. Pogonus (Pogonus) littoralis (Duftschmid, 1812). H. Pogonus (Pogonus) luridipennis (Germar, 1822). I. Pogonus (Pogonus) pallidipennis Dejean, 1828. J. Pogonus (Pogonus) riparius Dejean, 1828.K. Pogonus (Pogonus) smaragdinus Waltl, 1835. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 4. Distribution map in the Ibero-Balearic region.A. Sirdenus (Syrdenopsis) grayii(Wollaston, 1862). B. Pogonistes gracilis (Dejean, 1828). C. Pogonistes testaceus testaceus (Dejean, 1828). D. Pogonus (Pogonoidius) meridionalis Dejean, 1828. E. Pogonus (Pogonus) chalceus viridanus Dejean, 1828. F. Pogonus (Pogonus) gilvipes Dejean, 1828. Occurrence points: bibliographic records (blue dots), bibliographic records confirmed with examined material (green dots), new records (red dots).