Corythalia luctuosa Caporiacco, 1954

Bayer, Steffen, Höfer, Hubert & Metzner, Heiko, 2020, Revision of the genus Corythalia C. L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini), Zootaxa 4806 (1), pp. 1-144 : 46-49

Corythalia luctuosa Caporiacco, 1954

Figs 1A, 4B, 4D, 23 A–E, 24A–C, 58C, 62C, 65D, 68L, 72G, 76G

Corythalia luctuosa Caporiacco 1954: 177 , figs 66–66a (description & illustration of ♂). Lectotype ♂ and paralectotype ♂ from FRENCH GUIANA: Saint-Laurent-du Maroni: Charvein, ca. 05°34’N, 53°54’W, about 20 m a.s.l.; R. Benoist leg. 1914–1916, MZLS 655 (lectotype), MNHN [Col. No. unknown] (paralectotype, lost after Ruiz & Brescovit (2008) and after request at MNHN (C. Rollard, pers. comm.), lectotype examined; Ruiz & Brescovit 2008: 491, figs 22–23.

Additional material examined. FRENCH GUIANA: St. Laurent du Maroni: Fracas, La Trinité Nature Reserve (westernmost section), 4°36’2.16”N, 53°24’43.2”W, about 150 m a.s.l., primary forest: 1 ♂, L-2, specimen with smaller opisthosoma & 1 ♀ (sample number: FR-973-00005), C. Courtial, A. Canard, B. Leroy & F. Ysnel leg. Dec. 2010, by beating shrubs & trees, SMNK-ARA 14035 ; 1 ♂ (L-1, specimen with larger opisthosoma) with exactly the same data as above, GCBUR . BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus: Road AM-010 km 30, Amazônia Ocidental , polyculture plantations: 1 ♀, H. Höfer leg. 06 June 2001, Winkler sample, SMNK-ARA 17126 .

Diagnosis. Males distinguished from those of all other Corythalia species by the following characters in combination: embolus (E) subdistally almost as broad as proximally; E slightly longer than width of tegulum, without special structures and distally blunt ( Figs 1A, 23A, 23C, 23E, 65D); diameter of embolus base (EB) circle approximately 2/3 the width of tegulum (T); RTA moderately long (slightly longer than palpal tibia) and with dorsal serration ( Figs 1A, 23A, 23C, 23E, 65D). Females distinguished from those of all other Corythalia species by the following characters in combination: epigyne with main structures of vulva visible through cuticle of the former in the following way: beneath area of anterior margin of epigyne copulatory ducts (CD), secondary spermathecae (SS) and connective ducts (between the two types of spermathecae) (DST) building up loops being reminiscent of the handle of scissors ( Figs 24A, 72G); epigynal windows (W) more or less oval with anterior margins uncontinuous ( Figs 24A, 72G). Diameter of SS not broader than width of central section of copulatory duct, with head of spermatheca located antero-laterally; primary spermatheca longer than broad and longitudinally drop-shaped ( Figs 24B, 76G).

Description. Male (measurements of lectotype first, those of both other males as range in parentheses): total length 4.7 (5.6–6.0), carapace length 2.3 (2.5–2.6), maximal carapace width 1.7 (1.7–1.9), width of eye rectangle 1.6 (1.7), opisthosoma length 2.2 (2.4–2.7), opisthosoma width 1.5 (1.8–2.0), fovea length 0.28 (0.20). EYES: AME 0.51 (0.53), ALE 0.35 (0.33–0.34), PME 0.08 (0.08–0.09), PLE 0.29 (0.30–0.31), AME–AME 0.03 (0.04– 0.05), AME–ALE 0.06 (0.05), PME–PME 1.34 (1.44–1.45), PME–PLE 0.20 (0.22), ALE–PLE 0.59 (0.66–0.67), PLE–PLE 1.09 (1.14–1.23), clypeus height at AME 0.21 (0.33–0.35), clypeus height at ALE 0.51 (0.52–0.56). Cheliceral furrow with 1 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth. SPINATION: palp: no spines. Legs: femur I 1600 (1500, 1500), II–III 1600 (1600, 1600), IV 1600 (0600, 0600{1600}); patella I–II 1000 (1000, 1000), III–IV 1010 (1010, 1010); tibia I 3003 (2003, 2400), II 3003 (2400, 3004{3003}), III–IV 3133 (3133, 3133); metatarsus I 2014 (2014, 2024), II 2024 (2024, 2024), III 3134 (3134, 3134), IV 4144 (3144, 4144). MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS: palp 2.0 (1.9) [0.7 (0.7), 0.3 (0.3), 0.3 (0.2), 0.7 (0.7)], I 3.9 (4.2–4.3) [1.3 (1.3–1.4), 0.7 (0.7), 0.8 (0.9–1.0), 0.7 (0.7–0.8), 0.4 (0.5)], II 4.1 (4.4–4.5) [1.3 (1.4–1.5), 0.7 (0.7), 0.9 (1.0), 0.8 (0.8), 0.4 (0.5)], III 5.4 (5.8–6.0) [1.8 (1.9–2.0), 0.7 (0.8), 1.2 (1.3), 1.2 (1.2–1.3), 0.5 (0.6)], IV 4.7 (5.1) [1.5 (1.6), 0.6 (0.6–0.7), 1.1 (1.1), 1.1 (1.2), 0.5 (0.5–0.6)]. LEG FORMULA: 3421 (3421). COPULATORY ORGAN: embolus (E) moderately long, hose-like and arising point at centro-proximal to prolateral section of embolus base (EB) ( Figs 1A, 23A, 23C, 23E, 65D); EB circle about 2/3 as broad as tegulum ( Figs 1A, 23A, 23C, 23E, 65D). Tegulum (T) slightly narrower than cymbium, sperm duct double-stacked S-shaped, occupying almost 3/4 of T from retrolateral ( Figs 1A, 23A, 23C, 23E, 65D), retrolatero-proximal tegulum lobe (PTL) may not clearly distinguished from residual tegulum, but still recognisable as such. Cymbium in ventral view distally conically converging and at distalmost section truncated ( Fig. 23C) or broadly rounded ( Figs 1A, 23A, 23E, 65D), in lateral view ( Figs 4D, 23B, 23D, 68L) slightly truncated or rounded, at distal 1/4 slightly lighter and with scopula ( Figs 4D, 68L). Palpal tibia short, broader than long ( Figs 4D, 23 A–E, 65D, 68L) and ventral tibial bump short to mediumsized and conical. RTA quite narrow, moderately long and dorsally with serration ( Figs 1A, 23A, 23E, 65D). CO- LOURATION: see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace dark red-brown ( Fig. 58C). Legs dark brown to red-brown, except for some articles being lighter (see genus description) ( Fig. 58C). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, chevron-like patch in central band present ( Fig. 58C).

Female: total length 6.7, carapace length 2.8, maximal carapace width 1.9, width of eye rectangle 1.7, opisthosoma length 3.0, opisthosoma width 2.2, fovea length 0.19. EYES: AME 0.55, ALE 0.36, PME 0.09, PLE 0.30, AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 1.53, PME–PLE 0.23, ALE–PLE 0.73, PLE–PLE 1.28, clypeus height at AME 0.33, clypeus height at ALE 0.64. Cheliceral furrow with 1 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth. SPINATION: palp: no spines. Legs: femur I 1500, II 1600, III 1500, IV 0500; patella I–II 1000, III–IV 1010; tibia I 2003, II 3004, III 3123, IV 3133; metatarsus I 2014 {2004}, II 2014, III 3134, IV 4144. MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS: palp 2.0 [0.7, 0.4, 0.3, 0.6], I 4.2 [1.4, 0.7, 0.9, 0.7, 0.5], II 4.1 [1.4, 0.7, 0.8, 0.7, 0.5], III 5.5 [1.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, 0.5], IV 5.0 [1.5, 0.7, 1.1, 1.2, 0.5]. LEG FORMULA: 3412. COPULATORY ORGAN: epigyne with more or less oval epigynal windows (W), anterior margins of W uncontinuous with distinct gap in longitudinal direction; septum of W moderately broad ( Figs 24A, 72G); beneath area of anterior margin of epigyne copulatory ducts (CD), secondary spermathecae (SS) and connective ducts (DST) between primary spermathecae (PS) and SS building up loops reminiscent of the handle of scissors; epigynal field slightly broader than long; PS visible through cuticle of W filling almost entire W ( Figs 24A, 72G). Vulva with elongated, approximately drop-shaped PS being distinctly larger than SS. Head of spermatheca directed antero-laterally on SS ( Figs 24 B–C, 76G). DST narrow, meeting PS medially to postero-medially ( Figs 24B, 76G). Fertilisation ducts arising antero-centrally (slightly shifted antero-medially) on PS, being bent laterally and covering area of copulatory openings ( Figs 24 B–C, 76G). COLOURATION: see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace dark red-brown ( Fig. 62C), light scale hairs quite densely arranged, especially at clypeus (however material examined still quite freshly recorded and in good condition). Legs brown to red-brown, except for some articles being lighter (see genus description) ( Fig. 62C). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, chevron-like patch in central band present ( Fig. 62C).

Intraspecific variation of male copulatory organs. In male L-2 ( Fig. 23C) RTA with narrower angle to longitudinal axis of cymbium than in male L-1 ( Figs 1A, 23E) and lectotype ( Figs 23A, 65D). Additionally, L-2 ( Figs 23 C–D) and lectotype ( Figs 23 A–B, 65D, 68L) with slightly broader tegulum (in relation to width of cymbium) and slightly shorter palpal tibia (in relation to length of cymbium) than L-1 ( Figs 1A, 4D, 23E). Lectotype with arising point of embolus prolaterally ( Figs 23A, 65D), in L-1 and L-2 centro-proximally or at most slightly shifted prolaterally ( Figs 1A, 23C, 23E).

Remarks. In the present study we describe the female of this species for the first time. It was matched with the males because it was found at exactly the same locality (spot) where the males were found. Additionally, its somatic characters and general colouration correspond well to those of the males.

Corythalia luctuosa shows a few similarities to C. gasnieri sp. nov. These species share a hose-shaped embolus, a moderately long and serrated RTA and (in part of the specimens) a similar tegulum (bulbous; being almost as broad as cymbium or minimally broader). However, it is difficult to say if these few similarities indicate a closer relationship.

Distribution. Currently known only from St. Laurent du Maroni in French Guiana and Cental Amazonia in Brazil.