Corythalia parva ( Peckham & Peckham, 1901 )

Bayer, Steffen, Höfer, Hubert & Metzner, Heiko, 2020, Revision of the genus Corythalia C. L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini), Zootaxa 4806 (1), pp. 1-144 : 33-35

Corythalia parva ( Peckham & Peckham, 1901)

Figs 16 A–F, 57F, 61H, 64I, 68F, 72C, 76C

Dynamius parvus Peckham & Peckham 1901: 340 , pl. 25, fig. 14, pl. 26, fig. 8 (description & illustration of ♂ & ♀). Lectotype ♂ (here designated) from Brazil; G.W. & E.G. Peckham Coll., No. 639; MCZ 22546; Paralectotypes (4 ♂, one of which with individual number M-3, 1 ♀, 13– 15 juveniles, here designated) with the same data as for lectotype; MCZ 22546, all type material examined.

Corythalia parva — Petrunkevitch 1911: 617 (Transfer from Dynamius to Corythalia ).

Diagnosis. Males distinguished from those of all other Corythalia species by the combination of the following characters: embolus (E) distally truncated and only slightly reaching beyond distal margin of embolus base (EB), shorter than width of tegulum (T) and at its arising point at most 2x broader than subdistally ( Figs 16A, 16C , 64I ); arising point of E prolatero-proximally on EB; width of EB circle> 1/3 the width of T, but <1/2; T with distinct proximal tegulum lobe almost centro-proximally; not in retrolateral half or 2/3 as in most other Corythalia species) ( Figs 16A, 16C , 64I ). Females distinguished from those of all other Corythalia species by the combination of the following characters: epigynal windows small and approximately round; distance from posterior margin of epigynal windows to epigastric furrow slightly more than 2x diameter of epigynal window ( Figs 16D , 72C ); secondary spermathecae (as chambered structures) absent, however, copulatory duct section close to the spermathecal heads clearly broader than remaining sections of copulatory duct ( Figs 16E , 76C ).

Description. Male (measurements of lectotype first, those of paralectotype M- 3 in parentheses): total length 6.1 (7.2), carapace length 2.7 (3.2), maximal carapace width 2.1 (2.4), width of eye rectangle 1.8 (1.9), opisthosoma length 2.7 (3.1), opisthosoma width 2.1 (2.3), fovea length 0.19 (0.23). EYES: AME 0.55 (0.58), ALE 0.34 (0.37), PME 0.10, PLE 0.28 (0.31), AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 1.50 (1.60), PME–PLE 0.27 (0.28), ALE–PLE 0.76 (0.73), PLE–PLE 1.27 (1.33), clypeus height at AME 0.26 (0.37), clypeus height at ALE 0.61 (0.72). Cheliceral furrow with 1 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth. SPINATION: palp: no spines. Legs: femur I–III 1500, IV 0500; patella I–II 1000, III–IV 1010; tibia I 3005 (2005), II 3004 (3005), III 3134, IV 3133; metatarsus I 2004, II 2014, III 3134, IV 4144. MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS: palp 2.4 (2.6) [0.9 (1.0), 0.4, 0.3, 0.8 (0.9)], I 6.7 (7.5) [2.0 (2.3), 1.1 (1.2), 1.5 (1.7), 1.4 (1.5), 0.7 (0.8)], II 5.9 (6.9) [1.8 (2.2), 1.0 (1.0), 1.3 (1.5), 1.2 (1.4), 0.6 (0.7)], III 6.2 (6.9) [2.0 (2.3), 1.0 (1.1), 1.3 (1.4), 1.3 (1.4), 0.6 (0.7)], IV 6.1 (6.7) [1.9 (2.1), 0.9, 1.2 (1.4), 1.4 (1.5), 0.7 (0.8)]. LEG FORMULA: 1342 (12&34; in paralectotype legs II & III with exactly the same length). COPULATORY ORGAN: embolus (E) quite short, tip truncated, arising point at prolatero-proximal section of embolus base (EB) ( Figs 16A, 16C , 64I ); EB less than half as broad as tegulum (T) ( Figs 16A, 16C , 64I ). T narrower than cymbium, sperm duct double-stacked S-shaped (in both male type specimens not recognisable in ventral view); proximal tegulum lobe located more or less centro-proximally ( Figs 16A, 16C , 64I ). Cymbium in ventral view ( Figs 16A, 16C , 64I ) distally conically converging and at distalmost section rounded to epp-tip-shaped. Palpal tibia short, broader than long ( Figs 16 A–C, 64I, 68F) and ventral tibial bump in ventral view quite inconspicuous but recognisable and rounded, with straight ventral direction ( Figs 16 A–C). RTA narrow, with retrolatero-distal direction and dorsally with slight serration ( Figs 16A, 16C , 64I ), in retrolateral view serration not even recognisable ( Figs 16B , 68F ). COLOURATION (consider that all type specimens are quite bleached): see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace dark red-brown ( Fig. 57F ). Legs dark brown to red-brown, except for some articles being lighter (see genus description) ( Fig. 57F ). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, except for chevron-like patch in central band missing or at least not recognisable ( Fig. 57F ).

Female: total length 6.9, carapace length 3.3, maximal carapace width 2.3, width of eye rectangle 1.9, opisthosoma length 3.0, opisthosoma width 2.3, fovea length 0.26. EYES: AME 0.54, ALE 0.33, PME 0.10, PLE 0.29, AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.11, PME–PME 1.65, PME–PLE 0.29, ALE–PLE 0.72, PLE–PLE 1.50, clypeus height at AME 0.32, clypeus height at ALE 0.70. Cheliceral furrow with 1 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth. SPINATION: palp: no spines. Legs: femur I–II 1500, III 1600 {1500}, IV 0600 ; patella I–II 1000, III–IV 1010; tibia I 2002, II 3003 , III–IV 3133; metatarsus I 2014, II 2024, III–IV 4134. MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS: palp 2.8 [1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.8], I 5.2 [1.7, 1.0, 1.1, 0.8, 0.6], II 5.4 [1.8, 1.0, 1.1, 0.9, 0.6], III 6.7 [2.3, 1.2, 1.2, 1.3, 0.7], IV 6.5 [2.1, 1.0, 1.3, 1.4, 0.7]. LEG FORMULA: 3421. COPULATORY ORGAN: epigyne with round and small epigynal windows (W) being distinctly closer located to anterior margin of epigyne than to epigastric furrow; septum of W very short and very broad ( Figs 16D , 72C ). Epigynal field broader than long ( Figs 16D , 72C ). Thickened parts of copulatory organs visible through cuticle of W, even primary spermathecae ( PS) visible through cuticle further posterior ( Figs 16D , 72C ). Vulva with round PS; secondary spermathecae as such absent, but copulatory duct at initial section widened and antero-laterally in connection with heads of spermathecae, the latter relatively large ( Figs 16 E–F, 76C). Copulatory ducts initially with antero-medial direction. Connective ducts (or better: copulatory ducts from distal end of widened section to primary spermathecae) narrow and proximally curved. Fertilisation ducts narrow, arising sub-antero-centrally on primary spermathecae, bent laterally ( Figs 16 E–F, 76C). COLOURA- TION (female type specimen bleached and not in the best condition): see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace dark red-brown ( Fig. 61H ). Legs brown to red-brown, except for some articles being lighter (see genus description) ( Fig. 61H ). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, except for chevron-like patch in central band missing or at least not recognisable ( Fig. 61H ) .

Intraspecific variation of male copulatory organs. Concerning the structure of embolus (E) there are slight differences between the male type specimens: in lectotype tip of E slightly diagonal truncated ( Figs 16A , 64I ), in paralectotype M-3 more transversally truncated ( Fig. 16C ), additionally embolus minimally longer in M-3. Tegulum ( T) in lectotype prolaterally in upper proximal half with flat bulge. Proximal tegulum lobe ( PTL) in lectotype broader and with conspicuous prolatero-proximal direction ( Figs 16A , 64I ), in M-3 PTL with at most minimal prolatero-proximal direction (almost straight proximal) ( Fig. 16C ) and distally more clearly rounded. In lectotype cymbium broader and longer and palpal tibia broader (in comparision to tegulum size) than in paralectotype M-3 .

Remarks. Conspecificity of the female paralectotype with the male lectotype and the male paralectotypes is not certain. In Peckham & Peckham (1901) there is no specified recorded locality given. Brazil is very huge and it is not certain (but possible) that males and the female were once found at the same spot.

At arrival at SMNK (Apr. 2015) the type series of Dynamius parvus (MCZ 22546) contained two more males that were not conspecific with the remaining five males. The two differing males must have been erroneously put there at some time. G. Bodner (during an examination in Mar. 2000; written on one of the labels) also recognized that. In the course of the present study they have been recognized as the types of D. fimbriatus as they match the respective drawings in Peckham & Peckham (1901)! Consequently, they have been transferred to the vial with the original label of D. fimbriatus (MCZ 21310).

We are not able to make any predictions on possible relationships of C. parva . It shows characters that are hardly shared by any other Corythalia species: arising point of embolus (E) in prolatero-proximal section of embolus base (EB), consequently, short E only slightly reaching beyond distal margin of EB; tip of E truncated; basic shape of tegulm (including PTL). Females are also unique, having small, round epigynal windows conspicuously far distant from epigastric furrow and lacking secondary spermathecae.

Distribution. Known only from an unspecified locality in Brazil.

Figures

FIGURE 16. Corythalia parva, specimens from Brazil. A–B Male lectotype, left palp (A ventral view; B retrolateral view); C Male paralectotype M-3, left palp (ventral view). D–F Female paralectotype, epigyne (D ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view; F schematic course of internal duct system).

FIGURE 57. Corythalia spp., photographic images of male specimens, dorsal view. Corythalia latipes: A Neotype from Bahia, Brazil. Corythalia conferta sp. nov.: B Paratype M-1, IBSP 131451, from São Paulo, Brazil. Corythalia drepane sp. nov.: C Holotype from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia antepagmenti sp. nov.: D Paratype from Acre, Brazil. Corythalia ricti Bayer, sp. nov.: E Holotype from East Berbice-Corentyne, Guyana. Corythalia parva: F Lectotype from Brazil. Corythalia protensa sp. nov.: G Holotype from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia placata: H Male MCZ 20545-II (Paralectotype of Dynamius blandus) from Trinidad. Corythalia gasnieri sp. nov.: I Holotype from Amazonas, Brazil.

FIGURE 61. Corythalia spp., photographic images of female specimens, dorsal view. Corythalia latipes: A Female F-1, IBSP 35165-II, from Bahia, Brazil. Corythalia conferta sp. nov.: B Paratype F-3, IBSP 131475, from São Paulo, Brazil. Corythalia concinna sp. nov.: C Holotype from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia noda: D Holotype from Cuzco, Peru. Corythalia drepane sp. nov.: E Paratype SMNK-ARA 02325 from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia drepanopsis sp. nov.: F Holotype from Acre, Brazil. Corythalia antepagmenti sp. nov.: G Holotype from Acre, Brazil. Corythalia parva: H Paralectotype from Brazil. Corythalia placata: I Lectotype from Trinidad.

FIGURE 64. Corythalia spp., photographic images of left palps of male specimens, ventral view. Corythalia latipes: A Neotype from Bahia, Brazil. Corythalia conferta sp. nov.: Paratypes from São Paulo (B M-9, IBSP 33503; C M-4, IBSP 53033) and Mato Grosso do Sul (D M-6, IBSP 53374), Brazil. Corythalia drepane sp. nov.: E Holotype and F Paratype SMNK-ARA 02326 (in this specimen bulb expanded; thus basal and distal haematodocha recognisable) from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia antepagmenti sp. nov.: G Paratype from Acre, Brazil. Corythalia ricti Bayer, sp. nov.: H Holotype from East Berbice-Corentyne, Guyana. Corythalia parva: I Lectotype from Brazil. Corythalia protensa sp. nov.: J Holotype and K paratype from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia placata: L Male MCZ 20545-II (Paralectotype of Dynamius blandus) from Trinidad.

FIGURE 68. Corythalia spp., photographic images of left palps of male specimens, retrolateral view. Corythalia latipes: A Neotype from Bahia, Brazil. Corythalia conferta sp. nov.: B Paratype M-1, IBSP 131451, from São Paulo, Brazil. Corythalia drepane sp. nov.: C Holotype from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia antepagmenti sp. nov.: D Paratype from Acre, Brazil. Corythalia ricti Bayer, sp. nov.: E Holotype from East Berbice-Corentyne, Guyana. Corythalia parva: F Lectotype from Brazil. Corythalia protensa sp. nov.: G Holotype from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia placata: H Male MCZ 20545-II (Paralectotype of Dynamius blandus) from Trinidad. Corythalia gasnieri sp. nov.: I Holotype from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia fimbriata: J Lectotype from Bahia, Brazil. Corythalia argentinensis: K Holotype from Misiones, Argentina. Corythalia luctuosa: L Lectotype from St. Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana.

FIGURE 72. Corythalia spp., photographic images of epigynes, ventral view. Corythalia antepagmenti sp. nov.: A Paratype SMNK-ARA 13420 and B Holotype from Acre, Brazil. Corythalia parva: C Paralectotype from Brazil. Corythalia placata: D Lectotype from Trinidad. Corythalia argentinensis: E Paratype MACN 5076 from Misiones, Argentina. Corythalia verhaaghi sp. nov.: F Holotype from Ceará, Brazil. Corythalia luctuosa: G Female SMNK-ARA 14035 from Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana. Corythalia circumflexa: H Lectotype from Presidente Hayes, Paraguay. Corythalia scutellaris Bayer, sp. nov.: I Paratype F-2 from south-eastern part of Ecuador.

FIGURE 76. Corythalia spp., photographic images of vulvae, dorsal view. Corythalia antepagmenti sp. nov.: A Holotype and B Paratype SMNK-ARA 13420 from Acre, Brazil. Corythalia parva: C Paralectotype from Brazil. Corythalia placata: D Lectotype from Trinidad. Corythalia argentinensis: E Paratype MACN 5076 from Misiones, Argentina. Corythalia verhaaghi sp. nov.: F Holotype from Ceará, Brazil. Corythalia luctuosa: G Female SMNK-ARA 14035 from Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana. Corythalia circumflexa: H Lectotype from Presidente Hayes, Paraguay. Corythalia scutellaris Bayer, sp. nov.: I Paratype F-2 from south-eastern part of Ecuador.