Psolidium poriferum (Studer), 2008

O’Loughlin, P. Mark & Ahearn, Cynthia, 2008, Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic species of Psolidium Ludwig (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Psolidae), Memoirs of Museum Victoria 65, pp. 23-42 : 35

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2008.65.2
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10878584
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D7DF24-FF8D-FF9A-00B1-FF763159FC13
treatment provided by	Felipe (2024-02-15 13:48:13, last updated 2024-11-26 22:58:39)
scientific name	Psolidium poriferum (Studer)
status	syn. nov.

Treatment

Psolidium poriferum (Studer) View in CoL syn. nov.

Figures 2d; 7 c-f

Cuvieria porifera Studer, 1876: 452–53 View in CoL .— Studer, 1879: 123.

Psolusporiferus.— Bell,1882:644.— Lampert,1889:854.— Studer, 1889: 163.

Psolus poriferus (Cuvieria View in CoL ).— Théel, 1886: 130.— Lampert, 1885: 122.

Psolus incertus Théel, 1886: 86–87 View in CoL , pl. 8 fig. 4, pl. 6 fig. 5.— Studer, 1889: 163. (new synonymy).

Theelia incerta .— Ludwig, 1892: 350.

Theelia (? Psolidium) incerta View in CoL .— Ludwig, 1894: 136.— Ludwig, 1898: 52.

Theelia porifera View in CoL (part).— Ludwig, 1898: 52.— Pawson, 1969: 38.

Psolidium incertum View in CoL .— Pawson, 1969: 38, map 3.— Pawson, 1971: 34, 37.— Guille, 1982: 70.— Massin, 1992: 317, 320–21, figs 8–9.— Branch, Jangoux, Alvá, Massin and Stampanato, 1993: 56, 61–65.— Thandar, 1999: 368.— Thandar, 2006: 38.

Psolidium poriferum View in CoL .— Pawson, 1971: 34, 37.— O’Loughlin and Maric, 2008: 3 View Cited Treatment

Material examined. Psolidium poriferum ( Studer, 1876) holotype: Kerguelen , Royal Sound, Gazelle, 119 m, ZMB 2259 .

Psolidium incertum ( Théel, 1886) View in CoL syntypes (3; very poor condition): Kerguelen , Royal Sound, Challenger stn 149c, BM(NH) [18]86.10.2.89 (1); Heard I., stn 150, BM(NH) [18]86.2.88 (1); stn 151, BM(NH) [18]86.10.2.90 (1) .

Other material: Indian Ocean, McDonald Is, 210–234 m, USNM 1081576 About USNM (2 specimens) ; S of Kerguelen I., BANZARE stn 47, 150 m, SAM K2344 (23) ; Heard I., ANARE Aurora Australis AA 90, 200 m, SAM K2189 (1) ; 260–380 m, K2190 (1) ; 260 m, K2191 (1) ; 266–380 m, K2205 (1) ; ANARE Aurora Australis AA 92, 185–204 m, NMV F66849 (1) ; 229 m, F66850 (1) ; Heard I., F/ V Southern Champion, cr SC26, Apr / May 2003, Western Plateau , 264–406 m, TMAG H3303 (1), H3306 (2), H3308 (2), H3317 (1), H3320 (4) ; Aurora Bank , 222–292 m, H3304 (4), H3305 (3), H3307 (4), H3309 (2), H3313 (2), H3314 (2), H3315 (1), H3318 (3), H3321 (6), H3322 (1) ; Coral Bank , 293–297 m, H3310 (3), H3311 (4) ; Shell Bank , 259–329 m, H3312 (1), H3316 (3), H3319 (2).

Eastern Antarctica, MacRobertson Land, BANZARE stn 107, 66°45’S 62°03’E, 177 m, SAM K2343 (1) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis. Psolidium species up to 33 mm long; body form elongate, narrow, high; dorsal and lateral scales conspicuous, thin, smooth, up to 1.8 mm wide; dorsal and lateral tube feet inconspicuous.

Sole: outer peripheral single series of smaller tube feet; inner peripheral single series of larger tube feet; lacking mid-ventral (sole) radial series of tube feet.

Dorsal ossicles: multi-layered perforated plates (scales), single-layered marginally, frequently with well developed radiating-to-margin linear rounded thickenings between series of perforations, reticulate thickenings towards centre of plates, multi-layered centrally; up to 3 tube foot canals per plate.

Sole ossicles: throughout most of sole rare, small, smooth, thin, irregularly shaped rods and perforated plates, 0–10 perforations, bluntly spinous around margin, sometimes surface knobs, up to 220 μ m long; sometimes as regular 4-holed plates with marginal knobs, sometimes surface knobs, up to 160 μ m long; near margin of sole and peripheral tube feet some thicker, irregular perforated rod-plates, surface with linear thickenings and large knobs, rod-plates up to 370 μ m long, intergrading with oval to elongate perforated plates with secondary layering, up to 400 μ m long.

Tentacles: largest tentacle trunk ossicles irregular round to triangular to oval, thick perforated plates, irregular large perforations, some small plates with secondary layering, plates up to 650 μ m long; some plates with irregular linear thickenings between perforations (suggesting rod origin), some rod-plates up to 800 μ m long.

Colour (preserved). Body off-white; scales not haloed.

Distribution. Marion, Prince Edward, Kerguelen, Heard and McDonald Is, 100–600 m ( Massin, 1992), 150–406 m (this work); Eastern Antarctica, MacRobertson Land, 177 m.

Remarks. Pawson (1971) indicated that the evidence was “quite strong” for a synonymy of P. incertum with P. poriferum , and O’Loughlin and Maric (2008, this volume) inferred this synonymy. Both species were described from the same type locality. Based on an examination of the type materials and the literature, Psolidium incertum ( Théel, 1886) is synonymised here with Psolidium poriferum ( Studer, 1876) . Psolidium poriferum occurs abundantly on the Sub-Antarctic Islands of the Indian Ocean, with the exception of a single BANZARE specimen found on the MacRobertson Shelf on the Antarctic coast. Psolidium poriferum (Studer) is distinguished diagnostically by the frequent occurrence on the scales of well developed radiating-to-margin linear rounded thickenings between series of perforations.

References

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Guille, A. 1982. A new genus and species of ophiacanthid brittlestar (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Kerguelen Islands, with new taxonomic, biogeographic and quantitative data on the echinoderm fauna. Australian Museum Memoir 16: 67 - 87.

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Studer, T. 1879. Die fauna von Kerguelensland. Archiv fur Naturgeschicht 45 (1): 104 - 41.

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Thandar, A. S. 1999. Deep-sea holothuroids taken by the RV Africana II in 1959, from off the west coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Annals of the South Africa Museum 105: 364 - 409.

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Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of HMS Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls.