Maranta parvifolia Petersen (1890: 332)

Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello & Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga, 2020, Nomenclatural notes and typification of names in Maranta (Marantaceae), Phytotaxa 435 (2), pp. 133-163 : 148-158

Maranta parvifolia Petersen (1890: 332)

Type (lectotype, designated here):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “Lagoa Santa”, January 1866, Warming 518 (s.n. on protologue) ( C 10014458, isolectotypes: C 10014456, C 10014457, F 0046156, US 00093212, W [†]). ( Fig. 15 )

Protologue citation:—“In silvis ad Lagoa Santa, menss. Decbr.—Febr. et verisim. Novbr. florens: Warming.”

Notes: — Maranta parvifolia was effectively published (see Art. 31.1, ICN) on May 8th 1890 ( Stafleu & Cowan 1983). Five duplicates of Warming s.n. (also with the number “518” on label of some duplicates) were found in C, F and US herbaria. The specimen C10014458 has flowers and fruits ; therefore it is herein designated as lectotype.

Maranta phrynioides Körnicke (1862: 40) ≡ Ischnosiphon koernickeanus Petersen (1890: 140) , nom. illeg. ≡ Hymenocharis koernickeana Kuntze (1891: 691) .

Type (neotype, designated here):—[illustration] BRAZIL. Mato Grosso, no data, Pohl 935 (Photo Negative no. F 30055). ( Fig. 16 ). Type:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso, no date, Pohl 935 ( W [†]).

Protologue citation:—“ Brasilia: Prov. Matto grosso leg. Pohl n. 935 (Herb. Vindob.).”

= Maranta longiscapa S. Moore (1895: 486) , syn. nov.

Type (lectotype, designated here):— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso. “Back of Paraguay near Santa Cruz”, 1891-1892, Moore 631 ( BM 000923855, isolectotypes K 000586899, NY 00320404, WU 0033795). ( Fig. 17 ).

Remaining syntype:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: “Hab. Reperi in ripa fl. Paraguay prope Santa Cruz mens Oct. florentem”, 1891-1892, Moore 439 ( BM 000923856).

Protologue citation:—“Hab. Reperi in ripâ fl. Paraguay prope Santa Cruz mens. Oct. florentem. (Nn. 439, 631.)”

= Maranta longipes K. Schumann (1902: 134) , syn. nov.

Type (lectotype, designated here):— BRAZIL. Goiás: Natividade, November 1839, Gardner 3463 ( K000586895 ; isolectotypes: K000586894 , BM000923854 ). ( Fig. 18 ) .

Remaining syntype:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Natividade, no date, Burchell 8279 ( K000586893 ; P00689961 ; B [†]) .

Protologue citation:—“ Brasilien: Goyaz, feuchte und schattige Gehölze bei Natividade (Gardner n. 3463, blühend im November 1839, Burchell n. 8279).”

= Maranta pleiostachys K. Schumann (1902: 134) , syn. nov.

Type (lectotype, designated here):— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso, no date, Burchell 8104 ( K000586898 ; isolectotype: B [†]). ( Fig. 19 ). Protologue citation:—“Brasilien: Ohne bestimmten Standort, wahrscheinlich Matto Grosso (Burchell n. 8104).”

= Maranta pycnostachys K. Schumann (1902: 134) , syn. nov.

Type (lectotype, designated here):— BRAZIL. Goiás: “Auf dem Planalto”, 24 November 1894, Glaziou 22184 ( C10014460 ; isolectotypes: G00168736 , K000586900 , P00689962 , B [†]). ( Fig. 20 ) .

Protologue citation:—“ Brasilien: Goyaz, auf dem Planalto (Glaziou n. 22184).”

= Calathea stenostachys Rusby (1927: 221) ≡ Goeppertia stenostachys (Rusby) Borchs. & S.Suárez (in Borchsenius et al. 2012: 634), syn. nov.

Type:— BOLIVIA, Bala , 28 November 1921, White 1866 (holotype NY00268462 ; isotypes K000586897 , MICH1259578 ). The image of the holotype is available at http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/specimen-details/?irn=199455

Protologue citation:—“Bala, 1,000 feet, H. H.Rusby, November 28, 1921 (no.1866).”

Notes: — Maranta phrynioides was based solely on Pohl 935 ( W). This specimen was destroyed while housed at W, and only a photograph of Macbride’s Collection (Photo Negative no. F 30055) was found, and it is herein designated as a neotype. This photograph (see Art. 6.1 footnote and glossary, ICN) corresponds exactly to the destroyed original type from W.

Petersen (1890) described Ischnosiphon koernickeanus based on the same type as M. phrynioides , erroneously cited as “ Pohl 93 ”, a clear type. This is supported by the fact that the actual specimen Pohl 93 is represented by a Diplusodon sp. ( Lythraceae ; see https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p 05092433?listIndex =2&listCount=3). Thus, I. koernickeanus should be treated as an illegitimate name since it is based on the same type as Maranta phrynioides (see Art. 52, ICN).

Two syntypes of Maranta longiscapa were cited in the protologue. Four specimens and a negative of Macbride’s Collection (Photo Negative no. F 9840) were associated with Moore 631. The specimen BM 000923855 (Moore 631) is placed on the same sheet as specimen BM 000923856 (Moore 439), but each side has a different barcode and a line was drawn between them ( Fig. 17 ). Thus, since specimen BM 000923855 (Moore 631) has the best quality among all specimens, it is here designated as the lectotype.

Maranta longipes was based on gatherings Gardner 3463 and Burchell 8279. Among five duplicates and one photograph (Photo Negative no. F 9841) analyzed, only K 000586895 (Gardner 3463) has a handwritten signature of Schumann, ensuring that this specimen was seen by the author. Therefore, we designate it as the lectotype.

Maranta pleiostachys was based on Burchell 8104. This gathering has a specimen at K and a second one placed at B, which unfortunately was also destroyed. Therefore, we designated the specimen K 000586898 as the lectotype.

Four duplicates and a photograph (Photo Negative no. F 9845) could be identified as Glaziou 22184, type of M. pycnostachys . Among them, only C 10014460 has Schumann’s identification. Therefore, we designated it as the lectotype.

Körnicke (1862) described M. phrynioides based on its linear inflorescence, bracts distichous, imbricate, oblong and acute at apex, flowers subincluded in the bracts, sepals linear, acuminated at apex and glabrous, corolla tube straight, staminodes white with purple macula, and ovary densely sericeous. Moore (1895) described M. longiscapa as having bracts hirsute at the base and purple staminodes. Schumman (1902) described M. longipes , M. pleiostachya and M. pycnostachys , all possessing bracts oblong and imbricate, glabrous to hirsute at the base and ovary densely sericeous. Moreover, Schumann (1902) proposed the Maranta subgen. Koernickea K.Schum. and circumscribed these five species above based mostly of the length of the peduncles, number of bracts, and degree of imbrication of the bracts. Furthermore, Rusby (1927) described Calathea stenostachys based on its very compressed inflorescences, linear sepals, long corolla tube, and densely sericeous ovary. After analyzing the protologues and types of all names, we consider the variation in the elongation of the internodes of the inflorescence observed by Schumman (1902) as mere plasticity and not of enough taxonomic relevance to recognize more than one species. Thus, we propose C. stenostachys , M. longiscapa , M. longipes , M. pleiostachya and M. pycnostachys be reduced as synonyms of M. phrynioides . This species is recognized by its hirsute leaf sheath, especially near the base, or rarely glabrous, petiole (sometimes absent) glabrous to puberulous, pulvinus puberulous to hirsute just on the adaxial side, blade elliptic to oblong, apex acute to acuminate, puberulous to hirsute along the midvein on the adaxial side, bracts covering the rachis partially or, usually totally, oblong, apex rounded to acute, glabrous to hirsute at the base, flowers subincluded in the bracts, sepals linear and glabrous, corolla tube straight, and ovary densely sericeous.

Figures

FIGURE 15. Lectotype of Maranta parvifolia (Warming 518 [C1004458]). Image reproduced with the consent of the Københavns Universitet.

FIGURE 16. Neotype of Maranta phrynioides (Photo F30055 [Pohl 935]). Photograph of Macbride’s Collection reproduced with the consent of the Field Museum of Natural History.

FIGURE 17. Lectotype of Maranta longiscapa (Moore 631 [BM000923855]). Image reproduced with the consent of the Natural History Museum, London.

FIGURE 18. Lectotype of Maranta longipes (Gardner 3463 [K000586895]). Image reproduced with the consent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

FIGURE 19. Lectotype of Maranta pleiostachys (Burchell 8104 [K000586898]). Image reproduced with the consent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

FIGURE 20. Lectotype of Maranta pycnostachys (Glaziou 22184 [C10014460]). Image reproduced with the consent of the Københavns Universitet.