Cixiidae, Spinola, 1839

Freitas, Énio & Aguín-Pombo, Dora, 2021, Taxonomy of the Cixiidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) from the Madeira archipelago, European Journal of Taxonomy 744, pp. 1-37 : 31-32

Key of Madeiran Cixiidae based on males

1. Mesonotum with 3 carinae ( Figs 4B , 7B , 9B , 10B ) ......................................................................... 2

– Mesonotum with 5 carinae ( Figs 11B , 12B , 13A ) ............................................................................ 5

2. Body length < 5 mm; vertex tongue-shaped, posterior margin quadrangular ( Fig. 10B ); medial carina of frons smooth, reaching the posterior margin of the postclypeus ( Fig. 10A ); apical margin of tegmina oval with tubercles on the apical margin between the veins ( Figs 3E , 10I ); first metatarsus with 6 spines distally .............................................................. Tachycixius chaoensis ( China, 1938)

– Body length> 5 mm; shape of vertex different, posterior margin concave ( Figs 4B , 7B , 9B–D ); medial carina of frons distinctively ridged, extending along the frons and the clypeus ( Figs 4A , 7A , 9A ); apical margin of the tegmina rounded, usually without tubercles on the apical margin between veins, if present they are few ( Fig. 5A–C ); first metatarsus with 8 spines distally .......................... 3

3. Body length 5.06–5.67 mm; light brown body ( Fig. 3A–B ); anterior margin of the vertex rounded or slightly acute, slightly concave at the back ( Fig. 9B–D ); mesonotum light brown; tegmina light golden brown, almost 2 times as long as wide, with small brown setiferous tubercles along the longitudinal veins ................................................................................... C. madeirensis China, 1938

– Body length> 5.90 mm; light blackish to dark brown body; anterior margin of the vertex acute and posterior margin distinctively concave ( Fig. 4B , 7B ); mesonotum black; tegmina whitish, 2.75 times as long as wide, with large black setiferous points along the longitudinal veins ............................. 4

4. Body length> 7.20 mm. Vertex slightly acute at the anterior margin and concave at posterior margin ( Fig. 7B ); ventral margin of the aedeagus with a finger-shaped expansion; the largest lateral thorn curves distally forming an angle of 90º; vellum gibbous, without dorsal denticle and the ventral margin distinctively curved distally ( Fig. 7K–N ) ................................. C. verticalis Noualhier, 1897

– Body length < 7.20 mm. Vertex distinctly acute at the anterior margin and tongue-shaped at the posterior margin ( Fig. 4B ); ventral margin of the aedeagus with a wave-shaped expansion; the larger lateral thorn is curved and does not form a 90º angle distally; vellum subtrapezoid, with a small dorsal denticle and the ventral margin almost straight distally ( Fig. 4K–N ) .... C. wollastoni sp. nov.

5. Body length> 5 mm; first metatarsus with more than 10 spines. Aedeagus with a long, hook-shaped thorn along the right lateral side and 3 smaller thorns distally on the left side of the aedeagus, two of them much longer ( Fig. 13D–E ) ....................................... Pentastiridus leporinus ( Linnaeus, 1761)

– Body length < 5 mm; first metatarsus with less than 10 spines. Aedeagus with two long, thin thorns on the left lateral side ( Figs 11I–M , 12I–M ) ..................................................................................... 6

6. Vertex often short, lateral margins usually converging anteriorly ( Fig. 11B ); in lateral view, dorsal thorn of aedeagus wider and longer than the ventral thorn, both converging distally ( Fig. 11I–M )... .................................................................................................... H. madeires Remane & Hoch, 1986

– Vertex often long, lateral margins usually parallel ( Fig. 12B ); in lateral view, dorsal thorn of aedeagus more slender and shorter than the ventral thorn, both distally parallel or divergent ( Fig. 12I–M ) .... ............................................................................................... H. portonoves Remane & Hoch, 1986

Figures

Fig. 4. Cixius wollastoni sp. nov. A–C, G, I. Specimen from Ribeiro Frio, 24 May 2002, on Digitalis purpurea L. D–E, H. Specimen from Ribeiro Frio, 3 Jun. 2004, on Clethra arborea Aiton. F, K–N. Holotype, ♂ (MNHN(EH) 24738). J. Specimen from Ribeiro Frio, 6 Jun. 2003, on C. arborea. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). C. Left paramere. D–E. Anal tube (ventral and dorsal view). F. Genitalia. G. Pygofer (lateral view). H–I. Anal tube (caudal and left lateral view). J. Pygofer (ventral view). K–N. Aedeagus (K–L, right and left lateral view; M–N, dorsal and ventral view).

Fig. 7. Cixius verticalis Noualhier, 1897, specimens from Chão da Ribeira. A, C, H. 8 Jul. 1998, on Euphorbia melliferaAiton. B. 4 Sep. 1998. D–E, J. 30 Apr. 2002, on Diplazium caudatum (Cav.) Jermy. F–G. 4 Aug. 1998. I. 10 Jun. 1998, on Persea indica Spreng. K–N. Lectotype, ♂ (MNHN(EH) 24138), label without information besides “Madère”. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum, and scutellum (dorsal view). C–D. Pygofer (lateral and ventral view). E. Right forewing. F–H. Anal tube (dorsal, ventral and left lateral view). I. Left paramere. J. Anal tube (caudal view). K–N. Aedeagus (K–L, right and left lateral view; M–N, dorsal and ventral view).

Fig. 9. Cixius madeirensis China, 1938. A–G, I–N. Specimens from Vereda do Paul, 23 Jul. 2002, on Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. H. Specimen from Chão da Ribeira, 28 Jul. 1997. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum, and scutellum (dorsal view). C–D. Head (dorsal view). E. Anal tube (dorsal view). F. Pygofer (ventral view). G. Anal tube (caudal view). H. Pygofer (lateral view). I. Left paramere. J. Anal tube (left lateral view). K–N. Aedeagus (K–L, right and left lateral view; M–N, dorsal and ventral view).

Fig. 10. Tachycixius chaoensis (China, 1938). Specimens from Ponta de São Lourenço, 11 May 2001, on Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum, and scutellum (dorsal view). C–F. Anal tube (dorsal, ventral, caudal and left lateral view). G. Left paramere. H. Pygofer (left lateral view). I. Right forewing. J–M. Aedeagus (J–K, left and right lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view).

Fig. 11. Hyalesthes madeires Remane & Hoch, 1986. A–C, E. Specimens from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. D. Specimen from Levada Nova Ponta do Sol, 13 Jul. 2001, on G. salicina. F,I. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 20 Aug. 2001, onG. salicina. G–H, J–M. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 28 May 2001, on G. salicina. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). C. Pygofer (left lateral view). D. Left paramere. E. Right forewing. F–G. Anal tube (left lateral and dorsal view). H. Pygofer (ventral view). I–M. Aedeagus (I–K, left lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view).

Fig. 12. Hyalesthes portonoves Remane & Hoch, 1986. A–B. Specimen from Porto Novo, 16 Apr. 2003, on Globularia salicina Lam. C, G. Specimen from Casa Fogo, 16 Apr. 2002, on G. salicina. D, J–K. Specimens from Pedras Brancas, 14Apr. 2002, onSuaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.E–F. Specimen from Gaula, 29 Apr. 2003, on G. salicina. H–I, L–M. Specimen from Porto Novo, 29 Apr. 2003, on G. salicina.A. Head (frontal view).B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view).C–D. Left paramere. E. Pygofer (ventral view). F. Anal tube (caudal view). G. Pygofer (left lateral view). H. Anal tube (left lateral view). I–M. Aedeagus (I–J, left lateral view; K–L, dorsal view; M, ventral view).

Fig. 13. Pentastiridus leporinus (Linnaeus, 1761). Specimens from Lugar de Baixo lagoon, 30 May 2004, on Phragmites australis Trin. ex Steud. A. Head, pronotum, and scutellum (dorsal view). B. Left paramere. C. Pygofer (left lateral view). D–E. Aedeagus (left and right lateral view). F–G. Anal tube (dorsal and left lateral view).

Fig. 3. Habitus. A–B. Cixius madeirensis China, 1938. A. ♂ from Vereda Paul, 23 Jul. 2002, on Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. B. ♀ from Corredor Verde, 16 Apr. 2002, on P. aquilinum. C. Cixius verticalis Noualhier, 1897, ♂ from Chão da Ribeira, 4 Sep. 1998. D. Cixius wollastoni sp. nov., ♂ from Ribeiro Frio, 24 May 2002, on Digitalis purpurea L. (the arrows indicate the brown stripes). E. Tachycixius chaoensis China, 1938, ♂ from Ponta de São Lourenço, 11 May 2001, on Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. F. Hyalesthes madeires Remane & Hoch, 1986, ♂ from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam.

Fig. 5. Male forewings. A. Cixius madeirensis China, 1938 from Vereda Paul, 23 Jul. 2002, on Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. B. Cixius verticalis Noualhier, 1897 from Chão da Ribeira, 30 Apr. 2002, on Diplazium caudatum (Cav.) Jermy. C. Cixius wollastoni sp. nov. from Ribeiro Frio, 24 Apr. 2002, on Digitalis purpurea L. D. Hyalesthes madeires Remane & Hoch, 1986 from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. E. Hyalesthes portonoves Remane & Hoch, 1986 from Porto Novo, 16 Apr. 2003, on G. salicina. F. Tachycixius chaoensis (China, 1938) from Ponta de São Lourenço, 11 May 2001, on Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.